课时作业(五)
[基础训练]
Ⅰ 单词拼写
1．The surroundings in the ________ (餐厅) have also been improved.
答案：canteen
2．Today police began a ________ (宣传活动) to reduce road accidents.
答案：campaign
3．The car runs at an ________ (平均的) speed of 100 miles per hour.
答案：average
4．There's plenty of space for all the usual kitchen ________ (家用电器)．
答案：appliance
5．Stress is a ________ (造成) factor in many illnesses.
答案：contributing
Ⅱ 单句语法填空
1．I urge them ________ (stop) polluting our river.
答案：to stop
2．The only thing I'm ________ (concern) about is your blood pressure.
答案：concerned
3．Everyone should save food by ________ (not waste) anything on the plate.
答案：not wasting
4．The volunteers saved them ________ starvation in the floods.
答案：from
5．They were hunted almost to ________ (extinct)．
答案：extinction
Ⅲ 用括号内所给词汇，写出一个语段
(remove; contribute; take ... into account; urge; reusable)
答案：The environmental problems urge us to take the protection of environment into account and remove the pollution problems. We should contribute ourselves to environmental protection and use more reusable materials in our daily life.
[思维训练]
Ⅰ 完形填空
Lauren Singer has produced almost no waste in the past two years. It proves that a waste－free __1__ is possible.
Lauren studied environmental science at NYU, and it was during her student years that she began working towards a zero－waste __2__. Today, she has learned to __3__ all of her own everyday eco－friendly products, such as toothpaste, shampoo, kitchen cleaner and the like. She also __4__ her own eco－friendly company, “The Simply Co”， through which she plans to __5__ her homemade products.
Lauren regularly writes about her __6__ of a zero－waste life on her blog. She __7__ that the past two years haven't been __8__. “I stopped buying __9__ products and began __10__ my own bags and jars to fill with products at the __11__.”she explained. “I stopped buying __12__ clothes and shopped only second hand. I said no to plastic or paper bags at stores”. Although the journey has been __13__， her zero－waste life has been well worth the __14__. She says that she now __15__ a lot of money simply because she is __16__ when she goes shopping and does not buy things blindly. She also eats healthy food because she __17__ fresh organic (有机的) fruits and vegetables instead of packaged foods.
The girl has become a(n) __18__ to many. She's giving __19__ in schools and colleges and also conducting more and more __20__ about her zero－waste lifestyle on TV and the radio worldwide.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Lauren Singer的故事告诉我们“零垃圾”生活方式是可行的。
1．A.deal B．lifestyle
C．system D．activity
答案：B 通读全文可知本文讲的是Lauren Singer的“零垃圾”生活方式，lifestyle “生活方式”，故选B。
2．A.job B．game
C．goal D．competition
答案：C 根据空格前的“she began working towards ... ”可知，goal “目标”符合句意，故选C。
3．A.collect B．make
C．avoid D．mend
答案：B 根据本段最后的“her homemade products”可知，她自己制作日常生活用品。make “制作”，故选B。
4．A.expanded B．decorated
C．renewed D．founded
答案：D 根据后面的宾语“her own eco－friendly company”可知本处应填found “创建”，故选D。
5．A.sell B．check
C．classify D．improve
答案：A 前文说“她自己制作日常生活用品”，此处成立公司自然是“销售”自制的产品，故选A。
6．A.products B．difficulties
C．experiences D．ambitions
答案：C 根据下文谈她过去两年的情况可知，她在博客中写的是她的经历，故选C。
7．A.admits B．complains
C．argues D．regrets
答案：A 根据下文介绍自己具体是如何做的且坚持在做，可知本处意为“她承认过去的两年不容易”，admit “承认”，故选A。
8．A.different B．fair
C．successful D．easy
答案：D 结合生活实际与Lauren Singer具体所做的事可知，两年坚持下来不容易，故选D。
9．A.packaged B．particular
C．fresh D．recycled
答案：A 根据下文“买东西时自己带着包、瓶子”可知，Lauren Singer不买包装好的食品，packaged “包装好的”，故选A。
10．A.emptying B．purchasing
C．possessing D．bringing
答案：D 结合上文，本处意为“自己带口袋”，bring意为“带来”，符合题意，故选D。
11．A.house B．restaurant
C．supermarket D．office
答案：C 本句提到买东西，故此处指去超市，故选C。
12．A.good B．new
C．expensive D．beautiful
答案：B 根据下文“shopped only second hand”，可知本处意为“不再买新衣服”，new “新的”，故选B。
13．A.long B．popular
C．hard D．dangerous
答案：C 句意：尽管这一过程很艰辛。hard “艰辛的”，故选C。
14．A.effort B．reward
C．respect D．praise
答案：A 句意：尽管这一过程很艰辛，但是她对于“零垃圾”生活方式所做出的努力还是值得的。effort “努力”，故选A。
15．A.lacks B．lends
C．borrows D．saves
答案：D 根据下文“她不盲目地买东西”，可知本处意为“节省了很多钱”，故选D。
16．A.hurried B．prepared
C．excited D．frightened
答案：B 根据下文“when she goes shopping and does not buy things blindly”可知，她购物前都准备充分，故选B。
17．A.stores B．chooses
C．harvests D．serves
答案：B 根据前文“She also eats healthy food”可知，她是“选择”有机食品，故选B。
18．A.companion B．manager
C．honour D．inspiration
答案：D 根据后文“in schools and colleges”和“on TV and the radio worldwide”可知，她的行为对很多人是个“激励”，故选D。
19．A.sighs B．smiles
C．talks D．presents
答案：C give talks意为“作报告”，符合本处语境，且与后面的“接受电视采访”呼应，故选C。
20．A.interviews B．contests
C．experiments D．ceremonies
答案：A 根据后文中的“on TV”可知，她接受了电视采访，故选A。
Ⅱ 阅读理解
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds,_plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plasticbag use it cancels out. However, longerlasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute (质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。关于塑料袋的使用一直备受争议，怎样做才能减少环境污染？
1．What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A．Help increase grocery sales.
B．Recycle the waste material.
C．Stop things falling off trucks.
D．Argue for the use of plastic bags.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句并结合第二段最后一句中的“plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume”可知，塑料袋制造商雇佣Stein这样的科学家来为塑料购物袋的使用进行辩护。故选D。
2．What does the word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Bans on plastic bags.
B．Effects of city development.
C．Headaches caused by garbage.
D．Plastic bags hung in trees.
答案：A 词义猜测题。画线词所在句上一句提到，包括洛杉矶在内的加利福尼亚州的大概90个城市，禁止使用了塑料袋。再结合画线词后的“to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume”可推断出，此处headwinds指的是“bans on plastic bags”，即对塑料袋的禁令。故选A。
3．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plasticbag makers?
A．They are quite expensive.
B．Replacing them can be difficult.
C．They are less strong than plastic bags.
D．Producing them requires more energy.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句可知，环保袋的一个缺点是生产它们需要更多能源。故选D。
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Plastic, Paper or Neither
B．Industry, Pollution and Environment
C．Recycle or Throw Away
D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control
答案：A 标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一、二段介绍了塑料袋的禁用及原因；第三、四段介绍了环保袋的使用及其缺点；再结合最后一段第二句可知，环境学家甚至希望某天也可以禁用纸袋。因此A项(到底是选择塑料袋，纸袋还是两者都不使用)准确地概括了文章的主题，适合作标题。故选A。
Ⅲ 概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
An average adult breathes more than 3,000 gallons of air every day. Children breathe even more. Air pollution is more harmful to the children than to the adults. Air pollution can cause breathing problems, disorders (紊乱) in the nervous system and an increased risk of cancer later in life.
The American Lung Association explains why children are so affected by air pollution. Children are usually more active than adults. As a result, they breathe more rapidly and take more pollution deep into their lungs. Children also often breathe through their mouths, not through their noses. The mouth can't filter (过滤) out pollutants as well as the nose. Finally, children usually spend an average of 50 percent more time outdoors than adults, especially in summer. Air pollution is the worst in summer.
In the past 30 years, programs to reduce air pollution in cities have made great progress. Most of the programs have centered on getting factories to reduce the pollution that they put into the air. New programs aim at reducing air pollution in children's daily lives. A good example of this is a new kind of “No Smoking” law. Its goal is to reduce secondhand smoke－cigarette smoke in the air that others breathe in.
Experts say that secondhand smoke is just as dangerous outside as inside. Over 70 cities in the United States now prohibit (禁止) smoking in public places. Several cities rule that smokers have to pay 100 to 250 dollars for their smoking in any outdoor public area.
Some city officials are in favor of the new laws because they want to reduce the amount of secondhand smoke that children breathe. Others want to improve the environment in general. Most want both. A city health official in San Francisco, California, said “All of us that live in cities are exposing ourselves to poisonous matter”. I'm in favor of anything that cleans up our environment.
写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。二手烟对孩子的危害远大于成年人，所以杜绝公众场合吸烟，做健康文明人！
[精彩范文]
Air pollution has a greater effect on children than on adults. (要点1) Children take more activities than adults. They often breathe through the mouths rather than noses. (要点2) Programs to reduce air pollution in cities have made great development. A new type of “No Smoking” law comes into being. It aims to reduce the harm of secondhand smoke on children. (要点3) Some cities pass law punishing smokers for their smoking in public. Some city officials express their favor for the new laws. (要点4)
本文来源：https://www.2haoxitong.net/k/doc/a39a573aa7e9856a561252d380eb6294dd882293.html
文档为doc格式