学习-----定语从句
在学习句子做定语之前，我们先来复习一下介词短语或者其它短语做定语
请翻译下列句子.
1.A man with a bag stole my purse .
2.The woman in red is my aunt .
3.The tree beside the river is an apple tree .
4.The book on the table belongs to me .
5.I don't like the girl with a sunglasses .
6.This is the book that I want .
The pen that you bought yesterday is very expensive .
8.The woman who lost her son is crying .
9.The student whose book was missing is unhappy
10.The people all over the world know the Great Wall .
关于定语从句：
定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，翻译成“……的”，通常位于名词或代词后面
被修饰的名词,词组或代词叫先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
第一个要点
关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which引导的定语从句
关系代词代替前面的名词或代词，一定在定语从句中做主语或者宾语或者定语 注意： 1.由于关系代词已经代替了先行词，并在定语从句中做成分，定语从句中，不能再重复出现前面的先行词 2.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 3. 先行词是人，并且在从句中做宾语时，可以用关系代词who/ that，也可以使用whom,其它情况不能使用whom. 4.在定语从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，做主语或定语时，不可以省略 |
一：当先行词是指人时，用who或者 that，在从句中可作主语、宾语等
例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
二：当先行词是指物时，用which或者that，在从句中可作主语、宾语等例如：
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
三： Whose 用来指人或物，表所属关系.
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那个人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
重点难点：
一，只用that的情况
1.先行词有序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。.
2.先行词既有人，又有物时,只用that。
3.先行词是表物的不定代词时，只能用that.
如：something/everything/anything/nothing/ few/ little/the one/any/much/all
4.先行词前有不定代词few /little/ both/some/any/much/ all /the same /the last/the right/the only/the very等修饰时，只用that。
5.在there be 句型中，先行词是表物时，只能用that.
6当主句是以which或者who开头的特殊疑问句时.（避免重复）
7有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个用that.
8.关系代词在从句中做表语(无论先行词是人还是物).He is not the man that he used to be.
二，先行词表物时，只用which的情况
1.介词前置,表物只能用which(表人只用whom) ，关系代词不可以省略。若介词后置，则可以用that，也可用which，而且可以省略
2.引导非限制定语从句时
3.先行词后有插入语时
4.先行词本身是that时（避免重复）
三，先行词为人时，只用who的情况
1.当先行词是指人的不定代词，例如：
he/she/someone/everyone/anyone/ no one /all/nobody/none/those/people时，只能用who.
2.在there be 句型中，先行词是表人时，只能用who..
3.在被分隔的定语从句中，先行词为人时，只能用who
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
注意：
在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.
She is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.
定语丛句练习题
一：把下列句子连成一个含有定语从句的句子
1. Where do you think he bought the suit ? He is wearing a suit .
2. What do you call the man ? The man just came in .
3. They found the knife .The knife belonged to MuffPotter .
4. Muff is the man .The man killed the doctor .
5. No one knew that there were two boys .The two boys saw the killing .
6. I have read all the books .You gave me the books.
7. I will never forget the day .On that day , I met my husband .
8. I have lost my watch .I like my watch very much .
9. The teacher is in the office .You are looking for the teacher .
10.This is the place .I spent my sweet girlhood there
二, 填空
1.The girlis riding a red bike is my classmate .
2.The storyyou told me yesterday was really interesting.
3.I want to play the gameyou showed me last week.
4.This is the most beautiful girlI have never seen before.
5.Everythingyou have done is good for your study .
6.There is nothingcan make me sad.
7.I want to show you the shopis the nearest from here .
8.The young manis sitting beside Mr Liu is my brother .
9.The womanbike was stolen decided to go there by bus.
10. The sun gives off light and warmth，makes it possible for plants to grow.
11. Who is the manhas white hairs？
三，选择题
1.The bagon the chair is now missing .
A. I put it B. that I put C. that I put it D. which I put it
2. This is the watchlast Sunday .
A. I bought that B. that I bought it C. which I bought D. I bought which
3. Jim is one of the boysfrom England .
A. who are B. who is C. that comes D. which come
4. That was allwe had done .
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
5. He took a lot of pictures and videos of many things people had never seen before.
A. so B. who C. and D. that
6. Does the teacher know everybodyplanted the trees ?
A. which B. whose C. where D. who
7.The place _____interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Is there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
10.A new teacher will come tomorrowwill teach you German
A. who B. who's C. which D. that
11. She is the person .
A. that I talked B. which I talked C. who I talked of D. whose I talked
12.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
13.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
14.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
15.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
16.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
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