Module 5 Ethnic Culture
[一积词汇见多识广]
[课内单词回扣]
(一)阅读词汇写其义
1．controversial adj.有争议的 2.compulsory adj. 强制的，强迫的
3．fundamental adj. 基本的，重要的 4.flexible adj. 易适应的
5．optional adj. 可选择的 6.suspect n. 嫌疑人
7．incredible adj. 难以置信的 8.imaginary adj. 假想的；虚构的
(二)表达词汇写其形
1．chase v． 追逐，追赶，追踪 2.murder v． 谋杀
3．refuse v. 拒绝 4.contrast v. 对照
5．rush v. 冲，猛冲 6.cure v. 治愈
7．spit v. 吐出(唾液) 8.emotion n. 感情；情绪
(三)拓展词汇灵活用
*1.breathe v．呼吸→breath n．呼吸
*2.beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→benefit n．好处，益处v.得益于
*3.terrify v．使惊恐，使受惊吓→terrified adj.恐惧的→terrifying adj. 令人恐惧的→terror n．恐惧，恐怖→terrorist n．恐怖分子
*4.resist v．抵抗，忍耐；抵制→resistant adj.有抵抗力的，抵抗的→resistance n．抵抗
*5.analyse v．分析→analysis n．分析
6．absorb v．吸收→absorbing adj.吸引人的；引人入胜的
7．violence n．暴力→violent adj.猛烈的，暴力的
*8.accompany v．陪伴，陪同→company n．陪伴→companion n．同伴，伴侣
用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空
1．The traffic accident that happened yesterday terrified Mary. It was really a terrifying experience to her, and now she is still terrified at the thought of getting on a bus.(terrify)
2．Everyone knows the benefit of learning English and if you work hard, it will be beneficial to your future career. It is reported that many graduates have benefited from having a good command of English.(benefit)
3．The dog is a good companion and it keeps the little girl company all the time, and even accompanies her to school.(accompany)
4．The resistance (resist) to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk.(2017·北京高考)
5．He took a deep breath to breathe the fresh air.(breathe)
6．Analyse the maths problem carefully and your careful analysis will help you find the solution to it.(analyse)
[话题单词积累]
1．biotechnology/ˌbaiə(ʊ)tek'nɔlədʒI/n.
生物科技
2．transplant/trænsplaːnt/n.& vt. 移植
3．robot/'rəubɔt/ n. 机器人
4．hardware/'hɑːdweə/ n. 硬件
5．software/'sɔf(t)weə/ n. 软件
6．system/'sIstəm/ n. 系统；体系
7．data/'deItə/ n. 数据，资料
8．database /'deItəbeIs/n. 数据库
9．Internet/'intənet/ n. 互联网
10．network/'netwɜːk/ n. 网络
11．website/'websait/ n. 网址
12．cyberspace/'saIbəspeIs/ n. 网络空间
13．connect/kə'nekt/ vt. 连接，把……联系起来
14．convenient /kən'viːniənt/ adj. 便利的，方便的
15．download/daun'ləud/ n．& vt. 下载
16．calculate/'kælkjuleIt/ vt. 计算，核算，推测
17．digital/'dIdʒIt(ə)l/ adj. 数字的
18．powerful/'pauəful/ adj. 强大的
19．wonder/'wʌndə/ n. 奇迹
20．universe/'juːnIvɜːs/ n. 宇宙
21．secret/'siːkrIt/ n. 秘密
22．explore/Ik'splɔː/ v. 探索
23．empower/Im'pauə/ vt. 授权；使能够
24．reveal/rI'viːl/ v. 揭示
25．complex/'kɔmpleks/ adj. 复杂的
[二积短语顿挫抑扬]
[课内短语回扣]
(一)根据汉语写出下列短语
*1.burn_out (火)燃尽，烧完自灭，烧毁
2.contrast_with 与……形成对照
3．treat_...as_... 把……当成……对待
*4.(be)_identical_to 和……一样，与……一致
5．throw_oneself_on_... 扑倒在……上
*6.by_mistake 错误地
*7.as_far_as_we_know 据我们所知
*8.break_down 分解，发生故障
*9.rely_on 依靠，依赖
10.get_out_of_control 摆脱控制
11．a_sequence_of 一系列的
12．as_follows 如下
13．knock_out 摧毁，击倒
14．bring_...back_to_life 使……复活
(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子
1．The speech you gave this year was_identical_to the one you gave at the conference last year.
2．I need to call my friend David in whose coat I walked off by_mistake yesterday.
3．A health care project can provide treatment at half the cost or less, relying_on the needs of the patient.
4．It was already one in the morning, and my candle was nearly burnt_out,_when I saw the dull yellow eyes of the creature open.
5．As_far_as_we_know,_traveling in space has been made possible with the development of science and technology.
6．He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the airconditioning system broke_down.
[话题短语积累]
1．technological innovation 科技创新
2．new frontier 新领域
3．3D technology 3D技术
4．digital technology 数字技术
5．artificial intelligence 人工智能
6．new and high technology industry
高新技术产业
7．testtube baby 试管婴儿
8．GMF ＝ Genetically Modified Food
转基因食品
9．space technology 太空技术
10．intelligent terminal 智能终端
11．tablet personal computer 平板电脑
12．portable computer 便携式电脑
13．virtual net 虚拟网
14．text message 手机短信
15．surf the Internet 上网冲浪
16．have access to/be accessible to 能使用
17．IT＝information technology 信息技术
18．search engine 搜索引擎
19．distract one's attention 分散某人的注意力
20．have a negative effect 有负面影响
21．electronic books 电子读物
[三积句式写作扮靓]
[课内句式仿写]
1．while引导的时间状语从句的省略句式
[例句] While studying at university, he discovers the secret of how to create life.
[仿写] 当查找一些信息时，我们可以通过触摸屏来操作。
While_searching_for_some_information,_we can operate by touching the screen.
2．“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...”强调句型
[例句] It was on a cold November night that I saw my creation for the first time.
[仿写] 拥有真诚和信任我们才能创建一个和谐的气氛。
It_was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
3．wish后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气
[例句] I wish I had not created this creature, I wish I was on the other side of the world, I wish I could disappear!
[仿写] 小男孩希望他现在是一个超人，能飞往月球。
The little boy wishes he were_a_superman now and could_fly to the moon.
[话题佳句背诵]
1．With the rapid development of science and technology, a variety of hightech products have spilled over into each field in living.
随着科学技术的迅速发展，各种各样的高科技产品渗透到生活中的各个领域。
2．In the last decades, it is advances in medical technology that have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
在过去的几十年间，是医疗技术的进步使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。
3．When a new product comes into being, it must be tested out before it is put into use.
当有新产品问世时，在投入使用之前，一定要进行检验。
[四背语段语感流畅]
Throughout the history of science, whether it is the past or the present, foreign or domestic, without exception, the power of science is powerful：
The power of science is all around us. We see, hear, touch, taste and experience the wonder of science every day. From the electricity that lights and heats our homes, to smartphones that connect us to family and friends, to robots that carry out complex surgery, and space technology that reveals the secrets of the universe — science empowers us to shape every aspect of our world. Thanks to the power of science we can improve our health, explore new worlds, and make our world a better place.
纵观科学史，无论是过去还是现在，国外还是国内，无不说明科学的力量是强大的：
科学的力量就在我们周围。我们每天都看到、听到、触摸、品味和体验科学的奇迹。从给我们的房屋带来光明和温暖的电力，到使我们与家人和朋友保持联系的智能手机，到进行复杂外科手术的机器人，再到揭示宇宙秘密的太空技术——科学赋予我们塑造世界每一个方面的能力。由于科学的力量，我们可以改善我们的健康，探索新的世界，使我们的世界更美好。
[第一板块 重点词汇突破]
[师生共研词汇]
1．beneficial adj.有益的；有用的
[教材原句] Do you think cloning may be beneficial/helpful to humans?
你认为克隆对人类有益吗？
(1)be beneficial to 对……有利/益处
(2)benefit v. 有利于，对……有益
n. 益处，好处
benefit from/by 从……中获益；得益于
for the benefit of sb.＝ for one's benefit
为了某人的利益
be of benefit to 对……有益处
①From my point of view, our library should buy some popular science books and literary books because they are of great benefit to us.(2014·浙江高考书面表达)
→From my point of view, our library should buy some popular science books and literary books because they are_very_beneficial_to us.
在我个人看来，图书馆应该购买一批受欢迎的科普类图书和文学类图书，因为它们对我们很有益。
②Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.(2015·江苏高考单选)
要不是托马斯·爱迪生，我们现在从中受益的很多东西就不会存在。
③China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals for_the_benefit_of all its citizens.
为了全体公民的利益，中国一直在推进公立医疗机构的改革。
2．cure v．治愈；治疗；改正；解决n.治愈；治疗；治疗方法
[教材原句] We could use cloning to cure illnesses.
我们可以利用克隆技术来治病。
cure sb. of 治好某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯
beyond cure 无可救药
a cure for (疾病的)治疗方法；(问题的)解决方法
①To our joy, the doctor has cured him of his illness.
令我们高兴的是，医生已经治好他的病。
②Chinese scientists are absorbed in further research to find a cure for cancer.
中国科学家致力于进一步研究以找到治愈癌症的方法。
[辨析比较] cure, treat
选用以上单词填空
③The doctors spent a month treating her, and at last she was cured.
3．resist v．抵抗，抵制；使不受……的伤害；忍住
[经典例句] They are determined to resist pressure to change the law.
他们决心顶住要求改革法律的压力。
(1)resist doing sth. 反对做某事
can't resist (doing) sth. 忍不住(做)某事
(2)resistant adj. 有抵抗力的，抵抗的
be resistant to 对……有抵抗力
(3)resistance n. 抗拒，反对，阻力
①She couldn't resist laughing (laugh) when her teacher told a funny joke in class.
当她的老师在班上讲滑稽笑话时，她忍不住大笑。
②Some government officials weren't resistant_to the temptation of money, and were punished by law in the end.
一些政府官员抵制不住金钱的诱惑，最后受到了法律的制裁。
[名师指津] resist表示“忍住”时，常与表示否定意义的can't/can hardly/be not able to 连用；resist 后接v.ing形式作宾语，不接不定式。
4．absorb v．吸收；吸引(某人)注意力；使专心；理解，掌握
[经典例句] Our good learning habits will make us study more easily and efficiently and absorb knowledge completely.
我们良好的学习习惯会使我们更容易、更高效地学习，而且完全掌握知识。
(1)absorb/attract/draw one's attention
吸引某人的注意力
absorb ...into ... 把……吸收进……
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的，专心致志的
(be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……
(3)absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的，引人入胜的
①A good book could absorb_our_attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings.
一本好书能如此完全吸引我们的注意力，以至于我们暂时忘掉了周围的环境。
②Alcohol may take a few minutes to be_absorbed_into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.
几分钟的时间酒精就会被吸收到血流中并开始对大脑起作用。
[熟词生义] 写出加黑单词在语境中的含义
③It's a lot of information to absorb all at once.理解，掌握
[联想发散] be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用过去分词，形式为“absorbed in ...”。类似的结构还有：
①be lost in 专心致志于……
②be caught/trapped in 被困在……
③be buried in 埋头于……
④be involved in 专注于……
⑤be devoted to 专心于……
⑥be occupied in 忙于……
[词汇过关练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If they refuse to_make (make) heartfelt apologies, we will have to bring an action against them.
2．All of a sudden, the thief walking behind a young and pretty lady seized her purse, rushing (rush) into the crowd.
3．I don't like any humour in this serious speech because I can't think of any circumstance where this would be beneficial (benefit) or useful.
4．Scientists are still wondering how it is that the Egyptians built the pyramids so long ago.
5．She is overweight, but she still can't resist eating (eat) more delicious food.
6．Accompanied (accompany) by the leader, they visited the hospital.
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)But at the moment, school comes first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling.
8．Emily felt very sad that she was suspected of providing false statements in court.
9．Take a deep breath (breathe) and hold it in your chest. It can effectively control your anxiety.
10．We should avoid the mistakes that arise from a basic misunderstanding.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．As we all know, reading a lot is benefit to improving our English.benefit→beneficial或benefit前加of
2．The number of road accidents and the deaths arise from those accidents has increased over the past year.arise→arising
3．He had been so absorbing in watching the car passing by that he didn't notice his friends coming.absorbing→absorbed
4．Punishment can never be an effective cure of severe social problems.of→for
5．We all suspected him stealing the money, but he insisted that he was innocent.him后加of
Ⅲ.单句写作(一句多译)
1．我希望这个假期会对你有好处。
①I hope this holiday will_be_beneficial_to_you. (be beneficial to)
②I hope this holiday will_be_of_benefit_to_you. (be of benefit to)
③I hope you will_benefit_from this holiday. (benefit from)
④I hope this holiday will_benefit_you. (benefit vt.)
2．和他们待在一起时，彼得忍不住捉弄他们。
①When staying with them, Peter couldn't_help_playing_a_joke_on_them.(can't help doing )
②When staying with them, Peter couldn't_be_resistant_to_playing_a_joke_on_them.(be resistant to doing)
③When staying with them, Peter couldn't_resist_playing_a_joke_on_them.(resist doing)
3．由于专注于作画，约翰没有注意到我进入他的书房。
①As he was_absorbed_in_painting,_John didn't notice me enter his study. (be absorbed in)
②Absorbed_in_painting,_John didn't notice me enter his study. (分词作状语)
[第二板块 短语、句式突破]
1．get/run out of control摆脱控制；失去控制
[经典例句] The street party went on, getting louder and louder and more out of control.
街头聚会还在继续，声音越来越大而且更加失控。
get control of 控制，掌握
out of control 失去控制(状态)
lose control of 失去对……的控制
in control of 控制着
under/in the control of 受……的管理/控制
bring/get/keep ...under control 控制住
beyond control 无法控制
①Too high house prices can be brought under control, provided that the authorities introduce a series of regulatory policies.
如果政府采取一系列调控措施的话，高房价是可以得到控制的。
②The children are completely out_of_control since their father left.
这些孩子自他们的父亲离开后就无法无天了。
2．break down分解；拆除；失败；(机器等)出故障；(身体、精神等)垮掉，崩溃
[教材原句] When life ends, DNA breaks down and does not repair itself.
当生命结束后，DNA分解并且不能自我修复。
[一词多义] 写出下列句中break down的含义
①Talks with business leaders broke down last night.失败
②The car broke down halfway to the camp.出故障
③You'll break down if you always stay up late.垮掉
④His father failed to break down the door.拆除
⑤Plastic bags are difficult to break down.分解
break into 强行闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)
break out (战争、火灾等)突然爆发，突然发生
break up 分手，解散；放假
break away from 脱离；挣脱
⑥We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had_broken_into the office during the night.
我们在早晨到达工作地点时发现有人在(前一天)晚上闯进了办公室。
3．I wish_I_had_not_created this creature, I wish_I_was on the other side of the world, I wish_I_could_disappear!
但愿我没有制造出那个家伙，但愿我身处世界的另一边，但愿我可以消失无踪！
“wish＋宾语从句”意为“但愿……；希望……；……就好了”，往往表达与事实相反或不太可能实现的愿望，因而从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气。wish后跟宾语从句时，从句一般使用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语形式如下：
(1)did/were(表示与现在事实相反的愿望)
(2)had done/been(表示与过去事实相反的愿望)
(3)would/could/might＋动词原形(表示与将来事实相反的愿望)
①I wish (that) I had (have) wings and could fly to your home.
我希望我有双翅膀而且能够飞到你家去。
②I wish (that) you had_gone (go) to the concert with us last night.
我真希望昨天晚上你跟我们一起去听音乐会。
③I wish (that) I would_have (have) a better chance to learn in the future.
我真希望在将来我能有更好的学习机会。
[短语、句式过关练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
knock down， get out of control， rely on， break down， by mistake， contrast ... with， burn out， throw oneself on， bring ... back to life， as far as I know
1．As_far_as_I_know,_I was the only candidate who had ever said as much.
2．The children got_out_of_control after their teacher left.
3．He was so tired that on arriving at home he threw_himself_on the bed and fell asleep.
4．After a few months' repair, the old city was brought_back_to_life again.
5．Lacking enough air, the fire was soon burnt_out.
6．It's interesting to contrast the American legal system with the Chinese one.
7．I apologized to him because I took his umbrella by_mistake.
8．Relying_on their own efforts, they overcame all the difficulties and finished the task ahead of time.
9．We were downloading music when our computer broke_down suddenly.
10．Gina nearly was_knocked_down as a car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.
Ⅱ.break短语填空
1．With no cash for food, he broke_into an old woman's house, hoping to steal some money.
2．Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break_down in disasters.
3．On catching sight of his mother, the little boy broke_away_from his grandmother and threw himself into his mother's arms.
4．When does the school break_up for the winter holidays?
5．Their happiness didn't last long, for the war_broke_out soon after they got married.
Ⅲ.用control短语完成句子/句型转换
1．To our surprise, the man, who was looked down upon by others in the past, is now in_control_of the whole project.
2．The fire was out_of_control at the beginning, but at last it was brought under_control.
3．He tried to brake the car, but it was beyond_control.
4．If you don't change your mind, the situation will be beyond control.
→If you don't change your mind, the situation will be out_of_control.
→If you don't change your mind, you will lose_control_of the situation.
5．He was in the control of evil men and forced to do bad things.
→Evil men were in_control_of him and forced him to do bad things.
Ⅳ.用“wish＋宾语从句”补全句子
1．我多么希望自己是一只飞鸟！
How_I_wish_I_were a flying bird!
2．但愿你明天和我一块去旅游。
I_wish_you_would_go_travelling with me tomorrow.
3．他真希望当时她来看他时他在家啊！
He_wished_he_had_been at home when she came to see him.
提能一 用课文词汇写高分作文
cloning， cure， beneficial， arise， terrify， refuse， rely on， bring ... back to life， get out of control， by mistake， knock out， be identical to， as far as we know
1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)
①最近，我们班关于克隆进行了热烈的讨论。
Recently, our class has had a heated discussion about cloning._
②一些人认为克隆对人类是有益的。人们可以依靠这项技术治愈一些疾病。
Some think cloning is beneficial to human beings. People can rely_on this technology to cure some diseases.
③克隆可以使已经灭绝的物种复活，使得这个世界更多姿多彩。
Cloning can help bring extinct species back_to_life and make the world more colorful.
④其他人反对克隆。如果克隆失去控制，很多问题就会出现。例如，科学家有可能错误地制造出毁灭我们的世界的怪物。
Others are against it. If cloning got_out_of_control,_many problems would arise. For example, scientists may create monsters by_mistake and they may knock_out our world.
⑤如果许多人或动物都彼此一模一样，这个世界是令人害怕的。
If many people or animals were_identical_to_each other, the world would be terrifying.
⑥据我们所知，克隆技术还不是很完美。我们应该拒绝广泛使用它。
As_far_as_we_know,_cloning is not perfect. We should refuse to use it widely.
2．升级平淡句
(1)用现在分词短语作状语改写句③
Cloning_can_help_bring_extinct_species_back_to_life,_making_the_world_more_colorful.
(2)用定语从句改写句④后半部分For example, ... our world.
For_example,_scientists_may_create_monsters_by_mistake,_which_may_knock_out_our_world.
(3)把句⑤中if从句变成倒装句
Were_many_people_or_animals_identical_to_each_other,_the_world_would_be_terrifying.
3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇： however, what's more, for one thing, for another, so)
Recently,_our_class_has_had_a_heated_discussion_about_cloning._
Some think cloning is beneficial to human beings. For one thing, people can rely on this technology to cure some diseases. For another, cloning can help bring extinct species back to life, making the world more colorful.
However, others are against it. If cloning got out of control, many problems would arise. For example, scientists may create monsters by mistake, which may knock out our world. What's more, if many people or animals were identical to each other, the world would be terrifying.
As far as we know, cloning is not perfect, so we should refuse to use it widely.
提能二 用课文句型解构高考长难句 [本单元突破点——破折号引出同位语的复杂句]
“科普知识与现代技术”是高考常考话题之一。克隆，对人类来说早就不是一个梦了，在1996年7月5日，苏格兰罗斯林研究所里克隆羊“多莉”的诞生就告诉了人们：从今以后，克隆技术的飞速发展会成为必然。对于克隆技术有人赞同，有人批判，作为新时代的你相信一定也有着自己的态度。纵观历年高考试题，此话题多在完形填空和阅读理解题中考查。
一、话题与语篇
[考题示例] (2016·四川高考)
Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. __1__ In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.
One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. __2__ Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility (生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
__3__ They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.
__4__ Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman's body cells have a tendency (倾向) to age more slowly than a man's. Others think that a man's body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. __5__
A．However, women, on average, live longer.
B．The biological factor plays an important part.
C．Women are also helped by their female genes.
D．The female hormones also protect the body in another way.
E．Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.
F．Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.
G．Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.
[策略指导]
(一)这样读文
通读全文，可知本文体裁为说明文，其行文脉络如下：
(二)这样做题
[名师解题]
1．选A 根据空格后的“In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.”可知，空格处讲的是平均来看，女人的寿命更长。同时，空格处所表达的内容与文章第一句构成转折关系。所以A项正确。
2．选G 此处为过渡句，解释什么是荷尔蒙并谈及它的作用。所以G项正确。
3．选D 由空格后的“They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.”可知，该段讲的是荷尔蒙的其他功能。所以D项正确。
4．选C 由空格后的“Scientists are still not exactly sure ... to age more slowly than a man's.”可知，本段主要讲了基因与衰老的关系。所以C项正确。
5．选E 空格处的前两句谈及了两个观点。所以E项正确。
[阅读七选五系列技法3] 利用逻辑关系线索解题
由于英语的段与段之间，句与句之间经常会运用连接词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚、结构更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的信息词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。
文章语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助其逻辑关系来把握，即连接性词语。从逻辑意义上来讲，句与句、段与段之间基本关系有以下几种：
1．从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result“结果……”；thus/therefore“因此”；so/such ... that ... “如此……以至于”等。
2．从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：however“然而”；nevertheless“仍然，然而，不过”；nonetheless“尽管如此，依然，然而”；still“还；然而”；though“可是，不过，然而”；yet“然而”； in spite of“不顾，不管”；at any rate“无论如何，至少”；in any case“无论如何，不管怎样”；whoever“无论是谁”；whatever“无论什么”；on the contrary“正相反”；in contrast“与此相反，相比之下”；by contrast“相反，相比之下”； in comparison“比较起来，比较地”； by comparison“相比之下”；conversely“相反(地)”；otherwise“否则；除此以外”；not ...but“不是……而是”；as well“也”等。
例如上文第1题，空格后“In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.”可知，空格处应是：女人的寿命更长。空格处所表达的内容与上一句构成转折关系。
3．从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象(举例、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳(从举例到观点)和推理(从观点到举例)。
4．从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的递进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：also“也，而且”； further“另外(的)”； furthermore“而且，此外”； likewise“照样地；也，又”； similarly“相似地，类似地”； moreover“而且；再者，此外”； in addition“另外，加之”； what's more “更重要的是”； too“也，还”； either“也”； neither“两者都不”； not only ... but also“不但……而且”等。
5．从细节逻辑上判断——平行关系
表示列举关系的有：first“首先，第一”， second“第二”， third“第三”； firstly“第一，首先”， secondly“第二(点)；其次”， thirdly“第三”； first“第一”， next“其次”， then“那么，然后”； in the first place“第一，首先”， in the second place“第二，其次”； for one thing“首先，一则”， for another thing“其次”； to begin with“首先，第一”； to conclude“最后”等。
(三)这样积累
1．industrialized adj. 工业化的
2．Hormone n. 荷尔蒙，激素
3．infection n. 感染
4．be involved in 涉及，卷入
5．have a tendency to 有……的倾向
二、话题与写作
[考题示例] (2015·广东高考)
你接受了一项写作任务，为英语校报写一篇科技报道。
[写作内容]
请根据以下信息，介绍国外医疗行业出现的一项新技术，内容包括：
技术名称：DNA检测
检测方法：唾液样本分析
检测费用：125英镑
检测时长：4到6周
检测用途：1.预测重大疾病
2．预知食物偏好
3．提示合适的锻炼方式
检测影响：1.增强健康意识
2．易引起过度焦虑
*唾液样本：saliva sample
[写作要求]
只能用5个句子表达全部内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
[写作规范]
第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分
1．技术 technique
2．分析 analyze
3．持续 last
4．花费 cost
5．预测 predict
6．使能够；使可行 enable
7．食物偏好 food_preference
8．合适的 appropriate/fit
9．提高……的意识 raise_...awareness_of
10．有可能 be_likely_to
第二步：列全要点、写对句子保基本分
1．DNA检测是项新技术。
DNA Test is_a_new_technique.
2．它通过唾液样本分析被检测。
It_is_tested_by_analyzing saliva sample.
3．它出现在国外医疗行业中。
It_appears in the foreign medical industry.
4．这项检测持续4到6周。
The test lasts_for_4－6_weeks.
5．这项检测花费125英镑。
The test costs_125_pounds.
6．这项技术能被用来预测重大疾病。
The technique can_be_used_to_predict major diseases.
7．这项技术使人们能够预知受测者的食物偏好。
The technique enables_people_to_foresee the examinees' food preference.
8．据说这项检测将提高受测者的健康意识。
It is said that the test will raise_the_examinees'_awareness_of_health.
9．这项检测可能会引起你过度焦虑。
The test may_cause_you_to_be_overly_anxious.
第三步：句式升级、打造亮点得高分
1．把句1改为同位语，句2改为which引导的定语从句，然后和句3合并
DNA_Test,_a_new_technique,_which_is_tested_by_analyzing_saliva_sample,_appears_in_the_foreign_medical_industry.
2．把句4改为现在分词短语作状语，然后和句5合并
Lasting_for_4－6_weeks,_the_test_costs_125_pounds.
3．用not only ...but also ...的倒装句合并句6和句7
Not_only_can_the_technique_be_used_to_predict_major_diseases,_but_it_also_enables_people_to_foresee_the_examinees'_food_preference.
4．用but连接句8和句9
It_is_said_that_the_test_will_raise_the_examinees'_awareness_of_health,_but_it_may_cause_you_to_be_overly_anxious.
第四步：过渡衔接、润色成文创满分
DNA_Test,_a_new_technique,_which_is_tested_by_analyzing_saliva_sample,_appears_in_the_foreign_medical_industry._Lasting_for_4－6_weeks,_the_test_costs_125_pounds._As_for_its_functions,_not_only_can_the_technique_be_used_to_predict_major_diseases,_but_it_also_enables_people_to_foresee_the_examinees'_food_preference._With_such_a_technique,_examiners_are_able_to_provide_various_suggestions_on_appropriate_ways_of_exercise_for_examinees._It_is_said_that_the_test_will_raise_the_examinees'_awareness_of_health,_but_it_may_cause_you_to_be_overly_anxious.
[单元检测·高考提能]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
An 18yearold who just finished high school has developed a revolutionary device (装置) which allows visually impaired or blind people to be more mobile — after coming up with the idea when he was 12.
“To be considered is a real honor. It means the work we're doing is really valuable，” Alex Deans said.
The teen, from Ontario in Canada, began creating the tool after becoming curious while helping a visually impaired lady cross the street one day.
“She told me that all existing devices only let users see in one direction so they can't know what's going on around them，” he told GOOD magazine, after seeing she only had a stick and guide dog — two things that are hard to come by.
The device, known as iAid, uses GPS (Global Positioning System) and ultrasonic (超声波的) technology to help visually impaired people get around safely.
The beltlike tool comes with a control handle and works by using sound waves to discover objects in the users' path and show how close things are to them. The iAid works much like a bat uses sonar (声呐)．
The teen's invention has been attracting attention and it won the 2015 Weston Youth Innovation Award in May for which Alex was awarded $2,000 at a ceremony at the Ontario Science Centre last month.
“The entire group of judges was impressed by Alex's creativity, motivation and dedication (奉献) to building his design over a fouryear period. We look forward to seeing future inventions from this outstanding young inventor，” said Hooley McLaughlin, chief science officer at the Ontario Science Centre.
Alex is now working closely with the team at the science centre to hold an exhibition for his invention. He was also given the opportunity to give a presentation at We Day — stadiumsized events where speakers lecture about global issues across the US, Canada, and the UK.
Alex will be starting at Montreal's McGill University in the autumn, but hopes the iAid will be approved for US and Canadian rights so that, one day, the device will be available for those who really need it across the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。加拿大一名学生发明了一种能够帮助盲人自由行走的装置。
1．How did Alex come up with his idea?
A．He got the idea from a magazine.
B．He was inspired by a blind woman.
C．He found it hard to use a guide dog.
D．He noticed existing tools' weaknesses.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第三、四段可知，亚历克斯受到一位盲人女士的启发，想出了这个创意。
2．The bat probably uses sonar to ________.
A．keep its balance in flight
B．block harmful sound waves
C．communicate with other bats
D．find out the position of objects
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第六段中的“works by using sound waves to discover objects in the users' path and show how close things are to them”可推断，蝙蝠用声呐系统对周围的物体进行定位。
3．Which of the following is expressed in McLaughlin's words?
A．Doubt. B．Surprise.
C．Praise. D．Puzzle.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由倒数第三段可知，McLaughlin的这番话饱含着对亚历克斯的赞扬。
4．What is Alex preparing for at present?
A．A show of his iAid. B．His college studies.
C．An awards ceremony. D．The speech at We Day.
解析：选A 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Alex is now working closely with the team at the science centre to hold an exhibition for his invention.”可知，他正在筹备他这项发明的展览。
B
I plan to remember this year's vacation season with just two words: Never again. Never again will I take all my technology along.
When I first visited my inlaws' cabin in Ontario's north woods 35 years ago, there was no such thing as the Internet. The nearest telephone was one mile away, and we were beyond the reach of television. Our media diet consisted of a batterypowered radio. I know I risk sounding like an aging crank (怪人), but the life then was simple.
Now we're burdened with modern civilization. The cabin is just close enough to civilization to get a strong cellphone signal. Instead of browsing dogeared summerhouse mystery novels, this year we browsed the Internet. Instead of long evenings of poker, we checked our Twitter and updated our Facebook pages.
For several years, I kept my Internet addiction under control by using inconvenient technology: an old laptop and a slow dialingup connection. But this year, the combination of a new iPad and that neat WiFi turned out to be hard to resist. The iPad beckoned (吸引) us silently from the picnic table: What harm could it be to give the email a quick check? But once that touchscreen lights up, who can say no to it?
Access to the Web is unquestionably a wonderful thing. I love having a bottomless library at my fingertips; I love having the world's newspapers on my electronic doorstep. I love being able to pay bills and make airplane reservations online.
And that's the point: It's important not to let the convenience of the Internet get in the way of simple beauties. That's not the Internet's fault. It's ours.
The first step toward recovery is admitting you have a problem. My problem isn't the Internet; it's learning how to limit the time I spend on it.
语篇解读：本文讲述了带着高科技产品去旅行所带来的问题，说明了我们利用科技产品应该有限度，不应该让技术阻碍我们发现和欣赏生活中的美。
5．How did the author find the life in the cabin 35 years ago?
A．Peaceful. B．Convenient.
C．Boring. D．Miserable.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，当时作者在这个小木屋度假的时候，这里的生活是平静安宁的。
6．In the summer vacation this year, the author spent most time ________.
A．creating a Facebook page
B．playing poker with his family
C．browsing the Internet with his iPad
D．reading summerhouse mystery novels
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Instead of browsing dogeared summerhouse mystery novels, this year we browsed the Internet.”和第四段的“But this year, the combination of a new iPad”可知，今年作者在这里度假的时候，不断地用iPad上网，故选C。
7．Paragraph 5 suggests that the author ________.
A．has gained enough computer skills
B．advises people to use the Internet often
C．chooses to go without the Internet access
D．appreciates the advantages of the Internet
解析：选D 推理判断题。从第五段中的“Access to the Web is unquestionably a wonderful thing.”以及下文所举的例子可知，作者感激互联网带来的益处，故选D。
8．What might be the most suitable title for the text?
A．How an iPad stoles my summer vacation
B．How to avoid using technology on vacation
C．How to spend a meaningful vacation at a cabin
D．Technology influences my summer vacation positively
解析：选A 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了作者今年带着iPad去度假，因为不断上网而破坏了本来很美好的假期的故事，旨在表明我们利用技术应该有限度，不应该让技术阻碍我们发现和欣赏生活中的美，因此A项符合主题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I went to Frankfurt for a conference last spring. It was just a oneday __1__， but I thought I'd __2__ for a night so I could do a bit of sightseeing. Anyway, I __3__ early on a Friday morning flight and got there a couple of hours later. It was __4__ that a friend was waiting to pick me up. We took a taxi to the __5__ and she showed me around. She had to get back to her __6__ soon after that since it was a workday, so we said __7__.
It was still early, so I thought I'd look around a bit __8__ checking into the hotel. Then I walked through the city centre __9__. Around 1 pm, I had a sandwich and then __10__ I ought to get over to the hotel. I followed the __11__ I'd printed off to where the hotel should have been, but when I __12__ there, there was a sign on the door that said it was __13__. I'd booked it a few months earlier, but it seemed to have closed down since then. __14__， I'd already paid half the money up front. I __15__ to get into another hotel, but __16__ all the other hotels in the area were full. After about three hours of __17__， I decided that I'd had enough so I __18__ my friend and told her what had happened. She was very __19__ and agreed to put me up for the night. I slept on the sofa, which was a bit __20__， but at least I had somewhere to stay! I was very thankful for her offer!
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者去外地开会，预订的宾馆意外关闭了，只好求助朋友帮忙。
1．A.camp B．course
C．event D．celebration
解析：选C 由该空前的“a conference”可知，去开会也就是一天的“事情(event)”。
2．A.go out B．stop over
C．dress up D．stay up
解析：选B 由该空后的“I could do a bit of sightseeing”可知，作者想在法兰克福“停留(stop over)”一晚以便逛一逛。
3．A.got up B．came out
C．set off D．moved away
解析：选C 由该空后的“got there a couple of hours later”可知，作者周五一早就坐飞机“出发(set off)”了。
4．A.great B．terrible
C．strange D．important
解析：选A 由该空后的“a friend was waiting to pick me up”可知，作者的朋友在那里接她，所以这是一件“好(great)”事。
5．A.school B．library
C．company D．downtown
解析：选D 由上文的“sightseeing”和该空后的“she showed me around”可知，作者和朋友乘出租车去了“市中心(downtown)”。
6．A.bed B．office
C．table D．party
解析：选B 由该空后的“it was a workday”可知，作者的朋友必须得回去上班了，故填office。
7．A.goodbye B．thanks
C．hello D．sorry
解析：选A 作者要和朋友告别了，故填goodbye。
8．A.after B．while
C．unless D．before
解析：选D 由该空前的“It was still early”和下文的“Around 1 pm, ... I ought to get over to the hotel”可知，作者打算到宾馆办理住宿手续前先去逛一逛，故填before。
9．A.quickly B．secretly
C．slowly D．hopelessly
解析：选C 然后，作者在市里面“慢慢地(slowly)”闲逛起来。
10．A.forgot B．decided
C．agreed D．insisted
解析：选B 由下文的“I followed the __11__ I'd printed off to where the hotel should have been”可知，作者吃过三明治后“决定(decided)”去宾馆。
11．A.map B．letter
C．signs D．rules
解析：选A 由该空后的“to where the hotel should have been”可知，作者把“地图(map)”打印出来了。
12．A.left B．worked
C．waited D．arrived
解析：选D 由下文的“I'd booked it a few months earlier, but it seemed to have closed down since then.”可知，当作者“到达(arrived)”宾馆后发现它已经“关闭(shut)”了。
13．A.noisy B．expensive
C．shut D．untidy
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
14．A.Luckily B．Stupidly
C．Finally D．Possibly
解析：选B 由该空后的“I'd already paid half the money up front”可知，作者已经提前付了一半费用而这家宾馆现在却关闭了，所以她觉得自己很“傻(Stupidly)”。
15．A.tried B．failed
C．refused D．regretted
解析：选A 由后面的“all the other hotels in the area were full”可知，作者“试图(tried)”去联系另一家宾馆，让她“吃惊的(surprisingly)”是其他所有宾馆都满了。
16．A.interestingly B．necessarily
C．encouragingly D．surprisingly
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
17．A.training B．performing
C．walking around D．showing off
解析：选C 作者走了大约三个小时，到处找宾馆，故填walking around。
18．A.found B．called
C．praised D．believed
解析：选B 由该空后的“told her what had happened”可知，作者给朋友打了电话，故填called。
19．A.kind B．brave
C．honest D．clever
解析：选A 由该空后的“agreed to put me up for the night”可知，作者的朋友非常“友善(kind)”。
20．A.boring B．different
C．dangerous D．uncomfortable
解析：选D 由该空前的“I slept on the sofa”可知，睡在沙发上有点“不舒服(uncomfortable)”。
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