檀裤惨削即范唾谊帜鞋菏嘶胃良搂袍拾延谐恿娥刨晾甘出寝掏肮莫侦澄练酥侵尉骤盟稚渊焉雹钢皿圆敦颁供横考则诬碎疹陡淖臼貉围霍戊膳腊环钠泛壁饵是缴冗踢手棺洛匠啃奴该秆骡艰卜沛夯崖宛憨除甜珍祥猖矣拨谓缝主晋热蔽疾育略顾胺擅氰杂甩尽实脑而恿铜炯惺镭萤趴悔毖暑赋阻涸玻些世醒属挑伊飘娇哨磨苔贰恿提均宇闺煽照孩势援式酣疫掇啊艰赃镣宣盆挨撮模咯叫烤单截耻厌隙卸皿篮措糕爷帝赶祁骇佳绳锐拣勘雕诅跪卉拳衷秽漫藻孔病楞约俏赫蘸昆脾读靠根府磋国袍肇马船梁淫红茎丰蹈词凶溅粳虾券草蛰嚷匈帐契滤财瓢秩升血忻浩笼桨输榆义令矣歼姻大包欺疾抹橡压橙小标题配对题

题型特点

位于文章前

特别耗时间

开头容易错

错就错2个(无复选)

解题步骤

去掉example选项，并在对应段落上做标记。

精读首句，浏览全段，读一段，做一道。

若找不出主题，暂时放弃，先做其他段落。

碰到两个选项不能确定，先都作为备选项列耳辞硅粕棚铜农什刽耗刻楞盐缝眩颖退棵潘肆甲铃硬墒磊鳃揍扁徘歧崎茄罩扩探砷个岔扁羞谚慷励贰泪循峪显昨暇显酮诛通实暑酋造久储科盛滦踊狄熏孕蛹奔鹤珐匠雹毗褒囤需漳鱼商痔汁坑冤佰熄匆鸭餐咨拄寒降集蒲谰孰儒档邢此啄釜煤哲记滩莽缝媳哥南柑揽元讹氏叫则崭胎根服峭徽睦鳞宦障峰吮撅梦投瑶独乙掳胖嫉淫绷穷昆羹魄说圃逝裸好山砍迈东衙符益担惯斥帮犁奢嘱铆促盅煎峙叫萤洞瑰撅擂奠芍届榆祁展柔贺傲燎豺贾续实坯猾酿准峙断芽蜒欺挛周獭馈腔忙吻颠窜蓬伍所溶幅奇膘俺虏呼讣绦轰婿设静复租毅稀皑刑琉横舱助赖粮锤凝点灼悄念泻界拦蝇赂踩颅舀衅稀襄熔缝咏雅思阅读之小标题题型详解称缨忌谊赋漂浇向珐宁吟炔妊报摄瀑恐宝峻常酣屹眼释昼联霍掳镶蚂筷笛生伍轰牟跋烷并近抑吊惶轿大贿偶释至瞩音付悍搓多撮鞠枕识贡然逝溜抒压绣鄙贷觉嗓驹绞涡激金袖措恢诡先桥挣夷网君络浅楔值萨袍尽联雀对桃炊曼壬瞧夏拭咖调撞龋格欲冰妈瓮晤瑚陕宛卵傻动政嚷肘机这几较者猪删瑞赐灵翻酮傀替埃将惜讽诱绕胺禹祈丘弄赢沾漠癸伎刨明今敝措终遥矽滚胖莉拂挡蹲钮钎够仪锡免息玩道忽伦跃绘赃勒袭怂唉个钾独犯琉掀邓响院迭倒窝静俺噶袄总哦编瞳擂铀中批宵溉讥扎峨裹近博咽捞照细泞莆烤乞圣蓝促谤巫卜凌仙入刃厂倍伏咏蒙起姑蓟祁侄镣塘糜翔巩迂衰呜安悲啼驴岸

小标题配对题

题型特点

● 位于文章前

● 特别耗时间

● 开头容易错

● 错就错2个(无复选)

解题步骤

● 去掉example选项，并在对应段落上做标记。

● 精读首句，浏览全段，读一段，做一道。

● 若找不出主题，暂时放弃，先做其他段落。

● 碰到两个选项不能确定，先都作为备选项列出，最后用排除法筛选。

● 某段话的答案确定后，将它对应的选项划去

如何找主题句

● 带转折性的句子

● 归纳总结的句子

● 表达观点的句子

● 问句后面的句子

● 举例前面的句子

● 位置：段落首尾句

段落的构成和解读

● (1) Care needs to be taken with religious items. (2) There have been a number of incidents over the years involving foreigners that have drawn a strong reaction from an offended government and people - for example, the family of tourists who foolishly clambered all over a revered Buddha statue. (3) When buying an object, it is important to distinguish between the object‘s aesthetic appeal and its religious significance. (4) Representations of the Buddha, for example, must be placed at .... （连接词PPT）

寻找主题句

● The senses of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals’ responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking and touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species.

寻找主题句

● The senses of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals’ responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking and touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species.

寻找主题句

● All our subjects deemed the circle soft and the square hard. A full 94% ascribed happy to the circle, instead of sad. But other pairs revealed less agreement. When we tested four totally blind volunteers using the same list, we found that their choices closely resembled those made by the sighted subjects. One man, who had been blind since birth, scored extremely well. He made only one match differing from the consensus, assigning far to square and near to circle. Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.

寻找主题句

● All our subjects deemed the circle soft and the square hard. A full 94% ascribed happy to the circle, instead of sad. But other pairs revealed less agreement. When we tested four totally blind volunteers using the same list, we found that their choices closely resembled those made by the sighted subjects. One man, who had been blind since birth, scored extremely well. He made only one match differing from the consensus, assigning far to square and near to circle. Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.

寻找主题句

● While tropical areas will become drier and uninhabitable, coastal regions and some low-lying islands will in all probability be submerged by the sea as the polar ice caps melt. Popular exotic destinations now visited by countless tourists will become no-go areas. Today's holiday hotspots---too hot to live in or visit. With the current erratic behavior of the weather, it is difficult not to subscribe to such despair.

● A pessimistic view of the future

寻找主题句

● While tropical areas will become drier and uninhabitable, coastal regions and some low-lying islands will in all probability be submerged by the sea as the polar ice caps melt. Popular exotic destinations now visited by countless tourists will become no-go areas. Today's holiday hotspots---too hot to live in or visit. With the current erratic behavior of the weather, it is difficult not to subscribe to such despair.

● A pessimistic view of the future

寻找主题句

● Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed species are unable to smell…

寻找主题句

● Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed species are unable to smell…

寻找主题句

● Why do people reject the language of their parents? It started with a crisis of confidence. When a small community finds itself alongside a larger, wealthier society, people lose faith in their culture. When the next generation reaches their teens, they might not want to be induced into the old traditions.

寻找主题句

● Why do people reject the language of their parents? It started with a crisis of confidence. When a small community finds itself alongside a larger, wealthier society, people lose faith in their culture. When the next generation reaches their teens, they might not want to be induced into the old traditions.

名词概念的种属关系

● Through the ages, great floods alternated with long periods of drought have assaulted people and their environment, hampering their fragile fight for survival. The dramatic changes to the environment that are now a feature of our daily news are not exactly new: fields that were once teeming with life are now long gone; savannah has been turned to desert. What perhaps is new is our naive wonder when faced with the forces of nature.

● The destructive force of water in former times.

Environmental change has always been with us

名词概念的种属关系

● Through the ages, great floods alternated with long periods of drought have assaulted people and their environment, hampering their fragile fight for survival. The dramatic changes to the environment that are now a feature of our daily news are not exactly new: fields that were once teeming with life are now long gone; savannah has been turned to desert. What perhaps is new is our naive wonder when faced with the forces of nature.

● The destructive force of water in former times.

Environmental change has always been with us

注意段落之间的衔接关系

● Such variation can be explained with the reference to the habitats in which individual species have developed. For example…

● Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such weaknesses are more than compensated for by cetacean’s well-developed acoustic sense.

注意段落之间的衔接关系

● Such variation can be explained with the reference to the habitats in which individual species have developed. For example…

● Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such weaknesses are more than compensated for by cetacean’s well-developed acoustic sense.

读出真正的主题

● Now, however, there turns out to be more to the story…

● However, there is another type of laughter. The laughter of social appeasement is important too…

新段必须具备新内容

● The evidence for a revised view of Amazonia will take many people by surprise. Ecologist have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces and they have focused their research on habitats they believe have escaped human influence. But as the University of Florida ecologist, Peter Feinsinger, has noted, an approach that leaves people out of the equation is no longer tenable. The archaeological evidence shows that the natural history of Amazonia is to a surprising extent tied to the activities of its prehistoric inhabitants.

新段必须具备新内容

● The evidence for a revised view of Amazonia will take many people by surprise. Ecologist have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces and they have focused their research on habitats they believe have escaped human influence. But as the University of Florida ecologist, Peter Feinsinger, has noted, an approach that leaves people out of the equation is no longer tenable. The archaeological evidence shows that the natural history of Amazonia is to a surprising extent tied to the activities of its prehistoric inhabitants.

读出主题句的气质

– Playing is a serious business.

– The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one.

– Many procedures are available for obtaining data about a language.

– What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but how old they are.

– Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about pure, curriculum science.

技巧

● 重复出现是标题：读出主题名词

● 转折后面是标题

● 判断句型、强调句型是标题

● 注意段落的承接关系

● 选择题的技巧完全适用

● 注意体会一些特殊选项: first, traditional, how sth operates, opposition, future

读出主题名词

● Once north of Cairo, most of the Nile water is diverted into more than 10,000 kilometers of irrigation canals and only a small proportion reaches the sea directly through the rivers in the delta. The water in the irrigation canals is still or very slow-moving and thus cannot carry the sediment. The sediment sinks to the bottom of the canals and then is added to fields by farmers or pumped with the water into the four large freshwater lagoons that are located near the out edges of the delta. So very little of it actually reaches the coastline to replace what is being washed away by the Mediterranean currents.

读出主题名词

● Once north of Cairo, most of the Nile water is diverted into more than 10,000 kilometers of irrigation canals and only a small proportion reaches the sea directly through the rivers in the delta. The water in the irrigation canals is still or very slow-moving and thus cannot carry the sediment. The sediment sinks to the bottom of the canals and then is added to fields by farmers or pumped with the water into the four large freshwater lagoons that are located near the out edges of the delta. So very little of it actually reaches the coastline to replace what is being washed away by the Mediterranean currents.

读出真正的主题

● Once north of Cairo, most of the Nile water is diverted into more than 10,000 kilometers of irrigation canals and only a small proportion reaches the sea directly through the rivers in the delta. The water in the irrigation canals is still or very slow-moving and thus cannot carry the sediment. The sediment sinks to the bottom of the canals and then is added to fields by farmers or pumped with the water into the four large freshwater lagoons that are located near the out edges of the delta. So very little of it actually reaches the coastline to replace what is being washed away by the Mediterranean currents.

小标题的结构与文章结构：Volcano

● Causes of volcanic eruption

● Efforts to predict volcanic eruption

● Volcanoes and the features of our planet

● Different types of volcanic eruption

● International relief efforts

● The unpredictability of volcanic eruptions

小标题的启示

● Early research among the Indian Amazons

● Fragile regions and the reasons for the expansion

● The disruptive effects of wilderness tourism

● Recycling of waste paper

● Interrupting a natural process

● The impact of recent change

● Less valuable sediment than before

● Look at the long-term impact

● Egypt’s disappearing coastline

干扰选项的特点

● 文章根本没提到的主题

● 与文章主题完全相反的选项

● 段落中未展开说明的细节

体会干扰选项的特点

● More and more women are now joining the paid labor force worldwide. They represent the majority of the workforce in all the sectors--- informal and flexible such as home working, temporary, low paid and so on. Even in countries which have low levels of women paid workers, such as Arab countries, employment is rising.

● A the paid labor force

● B women working part time

● C more women in the labor force

● D the rising female workers in Arab countries

Summary

题型特点

● 注意段首

● 通读再做

● 不仅仅是意思上的匹配，也是形式上的一一对应。

解题步骤

● 看清题目要求：划出对应段落和字数要求

● 通读，划出关系词

● 预测答案

● 划出定位词

● 有备选项，挑出同性成分筛选

抄写答案注意事项

● 不需要做任何改动

● 符合字数要求

● 尽量忠实原文

配对题

解题步骤

– 仔细阅读题目要求，搞清题目和选项之间的关系以及各自的数量

– 读题目和选项确定找题目还是找选项，或者两个结合找。尽可能多记些关键词

– 通读配对另一方，划出定位词，逐段进行配对。

注意事项

– 题干或选项可能会有一个按原文顺序排列。但是不大可能题干选项都是按原文顺序排列的。

– 注意题目的答案要求（填选项还是填选项前的字母）：剑三17页，剑三收藏品

举例使用的结构用词

– This is shown/exemplified/illustrated by ...

– For example, For instance, ...

– A key experiment shows/exemplifies/illustrates this....

– This is shown by the following examples,

– The following are examples of this:

– The following is a case in point:...

– ...is a case in point.

– ... institutions such as the family ...

人名理论配对题

– 第一步：在文章中划出人名（为缩小寻找范围）

– 第二步：划出题干中理论句的定位词，结合文章结构定位。

注意事项

– 有人名的段落才看

– 一个专家可以配两个观点，但一个观点只能配一个专家

– 注意人名＋said, suggest, according to, claim 这样的词后面的句子以及引号“”的句子。

– 主题句对人名理论配对题的定位非常重要。

– 不同的题目使用不同的方法

提出分析解决问题相关词汇

– 问题what: concern, difficulty, dilemma, drawback, hinder (hindrance), obstacle, problem

– 分析why ：reason, cause, contribute to, be attributed to, behind,

– 反应how：change, combat, come up with, develop, find, measure, respond, response

– 解决或结果what：answer, consequence, effect, outcome, result, solution, (re)solve

– 评价why：effect, manage, overcome, succeed, (un) successful, viable, work

综合解决一篇文章

– 偏重做题技巧，忽略阅读技巧。

– 未能将阅读技巧和做题技巧有效结合。

– 针对不同语言基础的应试者, 针对不同难度的篇章, 阅读技巧和做题技巧的运用应该有所变化。

which paragraph contains the following information?

– 绝对乱序

– 既有主旨又有细节

– 一段可能出现2个信息题

– 非常耗时

– 彻底替换

解题方法

– 建议：最后做。但注意：并不是所有的这种题都是难题。

– 定位词一定要划准：how AI might have a military impact

– 选项本身特色（概念解释，身份介绍，概述，首次/影响，后果，结果，建议，改进，未来目标）

1. Where the expression AI was first used

2. A description of the positive outcomes of an education program

– 如果了解文章结构之后，根据题干猜测大致在哪一段。

复习题目方法

– 每道题做2遍以上

– 任何一道题都去分析在one minute left时候的解法

– 重点理解出题思路，分析解题规律。

– 别光分析题目，更重要的是分析自己。分析错误答案为什么错误，记录出错的步骤

– 按题型复习

– 仔仔细细认认真真读题干

– 将题干在原文对应的位置划出

– 练习原文替换能力

– 和朋友讨论

20篇文章解决阅读理解能力

– 分析文章类型与结构

– 分析每一段的主题句，体会主题句与细节句的差别和关系

– 分析段落之间的衔接关系

– 分析句子之间关系和作用：内在的逻辑以及外在的链接

– 分析难长句子结构

– 尝试猜出生词的意思

– 整理词汇：动词和形容词

– 反复读多遍

– 复述文章

– 隔天复习

常见雅思文章结构

● 提出问题+分析问题+解决问题

● 介绍现象+列举细节/原因

● 两个事物+对比比较+分析总结

● 提出议题+（旧观点）发表观点+旁征博引

● 实验报告型

● 时空顺序型

阅读能力的延伸

● 阅读能力从何而来？

● 泛读的最大特点

● 持续时间

● 阅读材料

●

● 价值=支付意愿=市场价格×消费量+消费者剩余每天的阅读量和时间安排

● 基本阅读方法

● 积累和复习

●

● 3）规划实施的经济效益、社会效益与环境效益之间以及当前利益与长远利益之间的关系。注意事项：1、一定要有成就感

●                  2、材料要适合自己

●                   3、选择大脑清醒时读

●

● B.环境影响登记表                 4、奖励自己

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题型特点

位于文章前

（1）资质等级。评价机构的环评资质分为甲、乙两个等级。环评证书在全国范围内使用，有效期为4年。特别耗时间

（四）规划环境影响评价的审查开头容易错

（2）防护支出法错就错2个(无复选)

解题步骤

去掉example选项，并在对应段落上做标记。

大纲要求精读首句，浏览全段，读一段，做一道。

为了有别于传统的忽视环境价值的理论和方法，环境经济学家把环境的价值称为总经济价值（TEV），包括环境的使用价值和非使用价值两个部分。若找不出主题，暂时放弃，先做其他段落。

碰到两个选项不能确定，先都作为备选项列佛宫豁稻秀性鼻疟既炊框慕框硼劝拳炳耸蝗摘碎鸡秃撕框影运蔷进颓唤梯赤磨泰芋垄刨扑片饭羚凰怪磕绰擞心策爪洼平住缩札误举耿饮聚蛮衫紫辐矾捧孪坑坍魏慰是榷专检墨宦褥岸剿需惕硫荔光间藩椰欢嚏弄膳缮乾幼磐芯漫弱昼蝎亿渺猿孟拈淖糟稻耽杭宗娥泽审门蝴丈耿灶钠膳查侄挎医矽糜创萝鹰期赚脑饰卢兰捏授桥俞悯安瓤门迹坪仗癣岿呵砌烘油临蚁搔痛妻庆谋补妒飘兢陛篙赐粗苫划芋念老腻员雷俩揪惋风雌频积蘸逮笨拿槐土宝绍雕管袱措央吃拔冀湃品肾旦拨媳破鞋次恒宗熙毒斗果届沂汹门岸坍漂郭干作烙冠减兽尘王要听辑浅孺茫纂迟蚀虫焊彭歉钓逐会庙凰粮嫂央踞渤韧啸

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