There - be - 句型用法归纳

发布时间：2019-09-11 22:43:18 来源：文档文库

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There be 句型用法归纳

1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。

2. 结构：(1) There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语.

(2) There are + 复数名词 + 地点状语.

    there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。（就近原则）

eg. ① There is a bird in the tree.   树上有一只鸟。

   ② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。（就近原则）

  ③There are many students and a teacher in our classroom. 我们教室里有许多学生和一位老师。（就近原则）

3. There be句型与have的区别：

  (1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。

eg. ①He has two sons.   他有两个儿子。

  ②There are two men in the office.    办公室里有两个男人。

  4. 句型转换

一：否定句

    There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not即可。not a/an/any + n.(注意在改否定句的时候如肯定句中有some要改为any，一般疑问句变化也一样)例如：

    There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall.

    There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree.

二：一般疑问句

    There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。看看下面两句是如何"改头换面"的吧：

    There is some water in the bottle. → Is there any water in the bottle?

    There are some cakes on the table. →Are there any cakes on the table?

三：特殊疑问句

    There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：

    ① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用"Who's+介词短语?"；当主语是物时，用"What's + 介词短语?"。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式is(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：

    There are many books over there. →What's over there?

    There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?

    ② 对地点状语提问：提问地点用”Where is / are+主语”。

例如：

    There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?

    There are four children in the classroom. →Where are the four children?

    ③ 对数量提问：

    How many + 复数名词 + are there + 介词短语？