2018年中考英语易错题（16）
湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林
1. hear
［误］He was heard sing in the next room.
［正］He was heard to sing in the next room.
［析］hear somebody do something这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hear somebody doing something这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如，主动态：I heard her singing in the next room.变为被动态时为：She was heard singing in the next room.这种用法还适用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。
hear, listen to
hear一词为听见了什么，或听到什么，强调其结果；而listen to则强调有意要听，听的倾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.
但词组hear about (of)则为“听说过”之意，如：I heard about this.（我听说过此事。）而hear from则为“收到某人信件”之意：I often hear from my girl friend.
2. help
［误］Please help my homework.
［正］Please help me do my homework.
［正］Please help me with my homework.
［析］help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something.意为“帮某人作某事”，但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作，如：He helps his mother cook the meal.即“他和母亲一起做饭。”而He helps me to do my homework.则是“他指导我做作业”。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同，并无区别。
［误］When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood.
［正］When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.
［析］can't help doing something是“身不由己，情不自禁做某事”。
［误］Help yourself with some cakes.
［正］Help yourself to some cakes.
［析］中文中讲“你自己拿蛋糕吃”，英文中要用help somebody to something.
3. here
［误］Here the bus comes!
［正］Here comes the bus!
［析］副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序，即谓语动词的位置前移。但是，若主语是人称代词，则还是要用正常语序，如：Here we are!
4. high
［误］He is very high.
［正］He is very tall.
［析］英语中的两个“高”，即high和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high则只指物体的高，所以可以讲This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。
5. hit
［误］The mother got angry and hit the boy.
［正］The mother got angry and beat the boy.
［析］hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打击，如He hit his head against the wall.（他把头撞到了墙上。）而beat则指多次性的打击。
6. home
［误］I'm tired. It's time I went to home.
［正］I'm tired. It's time I went home.
［析］ home此处用作副词，所以不应加to，又如：I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了“在家”之意外，还有像“在家里一样”之意。如Make yourself at home.（不要拘束就像在家一样。）
home,house, family
home是指与亲人一起居住的地方，可以讲a letter from home，所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year. family一词，作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数，如：Her family is a happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词，如：My family are all like swimming.
7. homework
［误］I have so many homework to do today.
［正］I have so much homework to do today.
［析］homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work（work作为“著作”“作品”“工厂”讲时为可数名词），fun, health information等。
8. hope
［误］I hope you to be a good student.
［正］I hope you will be a good student.
［析］hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语，但它可以接不定式作宾语，如：I hope to be a scientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语，如：I wish you to be a good student.
［误］I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow.
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