人教版初中英语中考精华知识点全汇总

发布时间:2020-09-28 23:13:50   来源:文档文库   
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人教版初中英语中考精华知识点全汇总

一.英语语法重点与难点

1 as … as …结构:你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。

You ’ re a boy as good as Tom.=You ’ re as good a boy as Tom.

2 (1)too … to so … that sb. can ’ t …的句型转换:前者为简单句,主语只有一个,而后者为复合句,主语有两个,试比较:

The man was too angry to be able to speak.

The man was so angry that he wasn ’ t able to speak.

(2) too … to … not enough to 句型的转换:

He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.

The book is too difficult for me to read.=

The book is not easy enough for me to read.

3 形容词原级表示比较级含义:

约翰不象迈克那么苯。

John is not so stupid as Mike.

John is less stupid than Mike.

John is cleverer than Mike.

4 用比较级表示最高级:约翰是班里最高的男生。

John is taller than any other boy in the class.

John is the tallest boy in the class.

5 the more … .. the more … . 表示…………” :

The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.

The more food you eat, the fatter you are.

6 more and more … . 表示越来…………” :

More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.

Our country is getting stronger and stronger.

二.中考考点词组

1. after, in 这两个介词都可以表示“…… ( 时间 ) 以后的意思

after 以过去为起点 , 表示过去一段时间之后 , 常用于过去时态的句子中 ?

:She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的

in 以现在为起点 , 表将来一段时间以后 , 常用于将来时态的句子中

:She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走

2. how long, how often, how soon

how long 指多长时间 , 主要用来对一段时间 ( three days, four weeks ) 提问 ? :How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了 ?

how often 指每隔多久 , 主要用来对频率副词或状语 ( once a week ) 提问 ? : — How often does he come here? — Once a month. ( 每隔 ) 多久来一次 ? 每月一次。

how soon 指再过多久 , 主要用来对表示将来的一段时间 (in an hour, in two weeks ) 提问 ? :How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来 ?

3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some

few little 的意思是否定的 , 表示很少几乎没有” ; a few a little 的意思是肯定的 , 表示有一些 , 有一点儿

few a few 修饰可数名词 ;little a little 修饰不可数名词

several 用于修饰可数名词 , 语意比 a few some 更肯定 , 含有好几个的意思

some 可修饰可数名词 , 也可修饰不可数名词 , 从数量上说 , 它有时相当于 a few a little, 有时指更多一些的数量

4. the other, another

the other 指两个人或事物中的另一个” , 表示特指 ? :We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other. 我们站在街这边 , 他们站在那边

another 着重于不定数目中的另外一个” , 表示泛指 , 所以常用来指至少三个中的一个 ? :She has taken another of my books. 她已经拿了我的另外一本书

5. spend, take, cost, pay

spend 的宾语通常是时间 ? 金钱 ? 在主动语态中 , 句子的主语必须是人 , 而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语 ? :She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整个晚上用来读书

take 常常用来指花费时间 , 句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语 ? :How long will this job take you? 你做这项工作要花多长时间 ?

cost 指花费时间 ? 金钱或力气等 , 只能用表示事物的词做主语 , 并且不能用于被动语态 ? :How much does the jacket cost? 这件夹克多少钱 ?

pay 主要指主语 ( 某人 ) 买某物 ( 或为某事 ) 付多少钱 ( 给某人 )? :I pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金

6. among, between

between 的意思是……中间 , ……之间” , 一般指在两者之间 ? :There is a table between two windows. 在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子。 between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间 , 但那是指在每二者之间。如 :the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之间的关系 ( 这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系 ?)

7. beat, win

这两个词都有获胜 , 打败的意思 , 但其后宾语不同 ?beat 打败 , 优于的意思 , 后面接人或队 ? :We beat them. 我们打败了他们。

win , 获胜” , 后面接比赛 ? 名次 ? :We won the match/game/race/the first place. 我们赢了这场比赛 ( 获得了第一名 )

8. agree with, agree on, agree to

agree on 表示……取得一致意见” ? :We all agree on (making) an early start. 我们一致同意及早出发 ?

agree with 表示……意见一致” , 后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词 , 也可以跟表示意见。看法的名词或 what 引导的从句 ? 。如 :I agree with you without reservation. 毫无保留地同意你的意见。 We agree with what you said just now. 我们同意你刚才所说的意见。

agree to 后面不能接人 , 只能接提议 , 计划 , 方案等词句 ? :I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意拟议的条件。

9. bring, take, carry,fetch

这四个词都是动词 , 都含有的意思 , 但使用的场合各不相同。

bring 带来 , 拿来 ? :Next time don ’ t forget to bring me a copy of your work. 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。

take bring 的对语 , 带去 , 拿去 ? :Take the box away, please. 请把盒子拿走。

carry 表示运载 , 携带之意 , 运送的方式很多 , 可以用车、船 , 也可以用手甚至用头。如 :This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers. 这辆巴士准载一百人。

fetch 则表示去拿来的意思。如 :Please fetch me the documents in that room. 请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。

10. each, every

两词都是每个的意思 , 但着重点不同。 each 着重个别的情况 ,every 着重全体 , 所有的的意思。如 :She knows each student of the class. 她认识这个班里的每一个学生。 She knows every student of the class. 她认识这个班所有的学生。

11. no one, none

no one 没有人 ( 只能指人 , 不能用来指物 ) ” , 意思与 nobody 相同 , 作主语时不必跟 of 连用 , :No one believes him since he is not honest. 没有人相信他 , 因为他不诚实。 No one else but I went. 除我以外 , 谁也没去。

none 一个也没有 ( 既可指人 , 也可指物 ) ” , 作主语时代替不可数名词 , 谓语动词用单数形式 ; 代替可数名词 , 谓语动词用单、复数都可以。但在 + + 结构中 , 如果表语为复数 , 则系动词要用复数形式。如 :None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties. 我们谁也不怕困难。

12. go on doing, go on to do, go on with

这三个动词短语都有继续做某事的意思 , 其区别如下 :go on doing 表示继续做 , 一直在做某事 ( 中间无间断 ) ” ;go on to do 表示接着做某事” , 即某事已做完 , 接着做另一件事 ;go on with 也表示继续做某事” , 其含义是某一动作一度中止后 , 又继续下去。

13. too much, much too

二者都有 , 非常之意 ,much too 为副词词组 , 修饰形容词 ? 副词 , 不可修饰动词。如 :It ’ s much too cold. 天气实在是太冷了。

too much 太多 , 有以下三种用法 ?

(1) 作名词词组 :You have given us too much. 你给我们的太多了。

(2) 作形容词词组修饰不可数名词 :Don ’ t drink too

much wine. 不要饮太多的酒

(3) 作副词词组修饰不及物动词 :She talks too much. 她说话太多

14. happen, take place occur

happen 偶然的意思 , 多用于客观事物 ? 情况的发生 ? 。如 :Whatever has happened to your arm? It ’ s all swollen. 你的手臂怎么了 ? 肿得好历害!

occur 指有计划地使某些事发生,有时强调呈现于人的知觉中。如 :Did it occur to you to phone them about it? 你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话 ?

事件作主语时 ,happen occur 可以通用 ? :The accident happened/occurred yesterday. 事故是昨天发生的。

take place 指事件发生 , 但常用来表示举行的意思 , 带有非偶然性 ? 例如 :The meeting took place last night. 会议昨晚举行。

15. in front of, in the front of

in front of 的意思是……前面。如 :There is a tree in front of the house. 房子前面有一棵树。

in the front of 的意思是……前部” , 指在某个空间范围内的前面。如 :There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室里前部有一块黑板

16. noise, voice, sound

这三个词都作声音 , 在表示听到声音这个意思时 , 三者可以通用,但它们又各有特定的含义。

sound 声音 , 含义最广 , 指可以听到的任何声音 , :a weak sound 微弱的声

noise 噪音 , 嘈杂声 , 吵闹声 , 指不悦耳 , 不和谐的声音,它既可作可数名词 , 也可作不可数名词。如 :Another kind of pollution is noise. 另外一种污染是噪音。

voice 声音解时 , 多指人发出的声音 , 包括说话声、歌声和笑声。如 :He shouted at the top of voice. 他高声呼喊。有时也用于引申意义 , 意见、发言权解。如 :I have no voice in the matter. 对于这件事 , 我没有发言权。

17. arrive, get, reach

三者均可表示到达” ,arrive 后通常接介词 at( 一般用于较小的地方 ) in( 一般用于较大的地方 )? :We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们晚了 5 分钟到车站 ? 又如 :They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎 ?

get 之后通常接介词 to 。如 :When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我们到达公园时 , 就开始下雨了。

reach 是及物动词 ( get 更正式 ), 其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语 ( 不能用介词 ) 。如 :He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。

三.情态动词

1. 考查情态动词表示推测的用法

[ 考点快忆 ] 表示肯定推测的情态动词有: must “一定;准是 may “也许;可能 might “或许;表示否定推测的情态动词有: can't “不可能 couldn't “不会 may not “也许不 might not “或许不 can 表示推测时不用于肯定句, may 表示推测时不用于疑问句。

2. 考查情态动词引起的一般疑问句的答语

[ 考点快忆 ] 回答 must 时,肯定答语用 must, 否定答语用 needn't don't have to 。回答 need 时,肯定答语用 must, 否定答语用 needn't 。回答 may 时,肯定答语用 may ,否定答语用 mustn't can't

3. 考查情态动词的意义

[ 考点快忆 ] must “必须 have to “不得不 need “必须;需要 can(could) “能;可能 may (might) “可以;可能 shall will (would) “将;会;愿意;要 should “应当

“ had better (not) + 动词原形表示建议; have to / has to had to 的否定,疑问形式要借助于助动词 do does did

四. There be 的句子结构

There be 是一个存在句型,表示的意思,

肯定句的形式为: There be + 名词(单数或复数) + 地点状语或时间状语。

be 动词单复数的确定,看 be 后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时, be 动词形式为 is ;当所接主语为复数名词时, be 动词为 are ;当 be 动词后接两个以上主语时, be 动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为某地有某人或某物。如:

There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。

There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。

1 there be 的否定句,即在 be 的后面加上 not

否定形式为: There be + not + any + 名词 + 地点状语。

There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。

There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。

2 there be 句型的疑问句就是将 be 提到句首: Be there + any + 名词 + 地点状语

肯定回答: Yes, there is / are. 否定回答: No, there isn't / aren't.

-Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗

-Yes, there is. 有。

-Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗

-No, there aren't. 没有。

3 )特殊疑问句: How many . . . are there + 地点状语)

某地有多少人或物回答用 There be . . .

There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .

有时直接就用数字来回答。 One. / Two . . .

-How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生

-There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。 / 有九个。

4 )如果名词是不可数名词,用: How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语

How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水

五. 中考对定语从句的考查:

1 .定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday

2 .关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。

1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如: 

I don ’ t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作宾语: She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “ The Great Escape ” .

3. 作定语

关系代词 whose 在定语从句中作定语用。例如:

What ’ s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作状语

I ’ ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

4. which 指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

5. that 多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:

I ’ ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

I ’ ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

. 关系代词 whom which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

which we had lived in for ten years.

. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:

1. 只能使用 that, 不用 which 的情况:

(1) 先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如:

All that he said is true.

(2) 先行词被 only, no, any, all, 等词修饰时。例如:

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.

(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:

  He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

2. 只能用 which ,不用 that 的情况:

(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如:

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

(2) 定语从句由介词 + 关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。









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