课时14 八年级（下）Units 7-8
Ⅰ.语法与情景对话
1.［2017重庆A卷］No one can be right all the time. When people make mistakes, we shouldn't _______ them.
A. wait for B. send for C. knock at D. laugh at
2.［2017吉林改编］It is _______ known that more and more foreigners are learning Chinese culture now.
A. politely B. loudly C. widely D. actually
3.［2017东营］WeChat Pay (微信支付) makes our life convenient. We can buy things _______ we don't take any money.
A. unless B. because C. even if D. so that
4.［2017德州］Sam is doing some _______ about the ancient Silk Road.
A. exercise B. operations C. research D. experiments
5.［2017泰安］It is accepted by everyone that knowledge is the most valuable _______ for human beings.
A. standard B. treasure C. invention D. instruction
6.［2017山西改编］When going upstairs or downstairs, we need to walk on the right, leaving the left space for the people who _______.
A. hurry up B. look around C. run away D. walk along
7.［2017铜仁］—I think that Jane writes as _______ as Mike.
—So she does.
A. careful B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully
8.［2017北京］The hotel is very old. It's one of _______ buildings in the city.
A. old B. older C. oldest D. the oldest
9.［2017黄石］—Where is your uncle, Jane?
—He is in Guangzhou. He _______ for a month.
A. has left B. has gone C. left D. has been away
10.［2017乌鲁木齐］_______ students went to the university to listen to the _______ speech.
A. Thousand of; 120-minutes B. Thousands of; 120-minutes
C. Two thousands; 120-minutes D. Two thousand; 120-minute
Ⅱ.完形填空［2017福建改编］
Jadav Payeng is a forestry worker from Jorhat, India. Over the past 38 years, he has planted trees on a sandbar（沙洲）of the Brahmaputra River and has 1 it into a forest.
One day in 1979, 16-year-old Payeng was walking 2 the bank of the Brahmaputra River. He saw many snakes on the sandbars. These snakes died in a few days' time 3 the heat and the absence of trees. Payeng felt very 4 when he saw this. He decided to plant some trees. Single-handedly, he started planting bamboo trees, as only bamboo trees could survive（存活）in the sandbars.
To water the trees was a difficult 5 for one man. With his hard work and great effort, day by day the 6 bamboo trees grew into a forest. His tree planting has changed the soil（土壤）. Now the sandbar is a thick forest and 7 to thousands of plants and animals. A large group of around 100 elephants visit the forest every year and 8 there for a few months.
Payeng is now in 9 fifties. He has planted close to 1, 400 acres（英亩）of forests and is 10 as the Forest Man of India. In 2015, he was honored with Padma Shri, one of the top awards in India.
1. A. divided B. put C. turned D. made
2. A. along B. through C. across D. in
3. A. according to B. because of C. as for D. thanks to
4. A. lonely B. happy C. tired D. sad
5. A. task B. journey C. condition D. subject
6. A. wild B. tall C. young D. green
7. A. way B. guide C. school D. home
8. A. stay B. lie C. sit D. stop
9. A. her B. his C. its D. their
10. A. invited B. served C. known D. welcomed
Ⅲ.阅读理解［2017怀化改编］
Americans like to have different kinds of parties, such as birthday parties, surprise parties, tea parties and housewarming parties. Pajama (睡衣) parties are one of the most popular kinds of parties in the US. At a pajama party, a group of friends spend the night at a person's house. It is a great way for children or teenagers to get together and have a good time.
To hold a pajama party, the host will usually plan some fun activities such as watching movies and playing board games and video games at home. He or she should also prepare some delicious sweets, fruits and fun food like pizza. Guests at a pajama party should bring their own pajamas, toothbrushes, pillows (枕头) and blankets (毛毯).
If a pajama party is mainly for fun, a prom is no doubt a very important thing in most America schools. A prom is a formal (正式的) dance party that is held at a high school. The party is usually held near the end of the senior year, the last year of high school, so it is often called graduation (毕业) dance. Students should wear formal clothes at the prom.
1. How many kinds of parties are mentioned in the passage?
A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven. D. Eight.
2. Where is a pajama party held?
A. At a person's house.
B. At a person's office.
C. At a person's high school.
D. At a person's restaurant.
3. To hold a pajama party, the host will usually plan some fun activities EXCEPT _______.
A. watching movies
B. playing board games
C. playing video games
D. bringing toothbrushes, pillows and blankets
4. From the passage, we know that the underlined word “prom” means _______.
A. school's opening ceremony
B. graduation party
C. Coming-of-age ceremony
D. anniversary
5. What's the best title for the passage?
A. History in the US
B. Parties in the US
C. Sports in the US
D. Pajamas in the US
Ⅳ.任务型完形填空
Last Wednesday morning, it was sunny, Tom and I were 1. _______ in the school library. Then I looked out of the window and 2. _______ Mr. Smith, my English teacher crossing the school playground. He was wearing a pair of 3. _______. “I don't want to meet him,” said I. “Why not?” asked Tom, “He just doesn't like me.” I 4. _______.
Tom thought for a while and said, “Maybe you've 5. _______ it wrong. He probably thinks you don't like him, so he's not 6. _______ to you. Usually people like the people who like them. If you show interest in 7. _______, he will be interested in you. Get to talk to him.”
At last I walked down and greeted Mr. Smith warmly. He looked at me, surprised. And then we laughed together and talked 8. _______. I could imagine Tom watching from the window, smiling.
Get to like people 9. _______. You'll find that the light you shine on others will soon be 10. _______ back at you even more brightly.
Ⅴ.任务型阅读理解［2017沈阳改编］
California is one of the richest states in America. It has a large amount of land. And it also has more people than any other states. It has plenty of natural resources （资源）, too.
But everything is not perfect there. California has two major problems: earthquakes and forest fires.
The San Andreas Fault runs through California. ①As a result of it, the state gets many earthquakes. ②Some of the earthquakes are very strong. For example, there was a strong earthquake in San Francisco in 1906. It destroyed many buildings. And it started a large number of fires. More than 3,000 people died after it. There have also been many other strong earthquakes. Some people fear that the “big earthquake”will hit someday. They think an earthquake will cause a huge amount of damage （破坏）.
During summer and autumn, much of California is dry. So forest fires, or wildfires, often start. Those fires can spread rapidly. They burn many forest. But they can also burn people's homes and buildings. They often kill people ③_______ firefighters can put them out.
1. 写出文中①处画线部分的同义词语或近义词语。_______
2. 将文中②画线句子翻译成汉语。
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 根据短文内容，在文中③处填入合适的词。_______
________________________________________________________________________________________
4. How many people died from the earthquake in 1906?
________________________________________________________________________________________
5. How is the weather in California during summer and autumn?
________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅵ.口语交际［2017贵阳改编］
A: Dad, how much do you know about China?
B: 1. _______ China is a big country that has about 5,000 years of history. It attracts many tourists from all over the world every year.
A: Is that so? 2. _______
B: Yes. And many of them are famous, such as Mount Tai, Mount Huang and Mount Emei.
A: 3. _______
B: There are many rivers in China. Among them the Yangtze River is the longest one and the second longest one is the Yellow River. 4. _______
A: Anything else?
B: Sorry. That's all I know. If you want to learn more, you can read Guide to China. 5. _______
A: Thanks. I'll read it.
Ⅶ.书面表达［2017金华改编］
假如你应邀参加一个国际读书会,并将分享自己读过的一本好书。请根据下列表格中的要点提示,用英语写一篇短文,介绍你要分享的书。
要求：1. 可选择使用所给的书名及内容,也可另选书籍；
2. 短文内容可适当增加；
3. 文中不得出现真实的人名和校名；
4. 词数：80词左右；短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。
The book I'd like to share with you is The Old Man and the Sea. ________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.语法与情景对话
1. D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：没有人总是正确的。当人们犯错误的时候，我们不应该_______他们。wait for等待；send for召唤，派人去请；knock at敲；laugh at嘲笑。由语境可知，此处表示“不应该嘲笑犯错误的人”。故选D。
2. C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：据_______所知，越来越多的外国人现在正在学习中国文化。politely礼貌地；loudly大声地；widely广泛地；actually实际上。It is widely known that…, 众所周知……。故选C。
3. C【解析】考查从属连词辨析。句意：微信支付使我们的生活便利。我们能买到东西_______我们不带钱。unless除非；because因为；even if即使；so that以便于。分析语境可知前后句应为让步关系，所以用even if，表达“即使不带钱，通过微信支付也能买到东西”。故选C。
4. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨姆正在做一些关于古代的“丝绸之路”的_______。exercise锻炼，运动；operations操作，手术；research研究，调查；experiments试验。根据“the ancient Silk Road”可知他正在做这个研究。故选C。
5. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都承认：知识对人类来说是最宝贵的_______。standard标准；treasure财富；invention发明；instruction指示，指导。分析语境可知知识对人类来说是最宝贵的财富。故选B。
6. A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当上下楼梯时，我们要靠右行，把左边的位置留出来给_______人们。hurry up赶快；look around到处看看；run away逃跑；walk along散步。由语境可知是把左边的位置留出来给赶时间的人们。故选A。
7. B【解析】考查副词的比较等级。句意为“我认为简跟迈克写得一样认真。”“的确是。”as…as…意为“和……一样……”，为固定结构，中间用形容词或副词的原级，所以排除C、D两项；修饰动词write用副词。故选B。
8. D【解析】考查形容词的最高级。句意：这个旅馆非常古老。它是这座城市_______的建筑之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式”是固定结构。故选D。
9. D【解析】考查现在完成时。句意为“Jane，你叔叔在哪儿？”“他在广州。他已经离开一个月了。”由时间状语“for a month”可知句子用现在完成时，且谓语动词应用延续性动词；leave为短暂性动词，应转化为be away。故选D。
10. D【解析】考查数词的用法和名词作定语。句意：_______的学生来到大学听这个120分钟的演讲。表示具体或确切数目时用“具体数字+hundred/thousand/million+名词复数”，表示概数时用“hundred/thousand/million的复数+of+名词复数”，故排除A、C两项；第二个空为“数词+名词”作定语，其中的名词要用单数形式。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了来自印度Jorhat的Jadav Payeng，从16岁开始在岛上种树，日复一日，本来干旱死寂的沙地慢慢演变成能茂密的森林，生态的平衡也使得动物有了理想的栖身之地，Jadav Payeng被称为“印度森林之子”。
1. C【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：在过去的38年中，他已经种了许多树，把沙洲变成了森林。divided…into…把……分成若干份；put…into…把……放到……里面；turned…into…把……变成……；made…into…把……制成……。故选C。
2. A【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：1979年的一天，16岁的Payeng沿着布拉马普特拉河河岸走。along沿着；through通过，穿过，强调从某个空间内部穿过；across穿过，横穿；in在……里。故选A。
3. B【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：那些蛇全都因太热而且当时的沙洲并没有树木遮盖而死去。according to根据，按照；because of因为，由于；as for至于；就……来说；thanks to由于，幸亏。故选B。
4. D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他看到这幅景象（蛇大量死亡）很伤心。lonely孤独的，寂寞的；happy高兴的；tired累的，疲劳的；sad悲伤的，伤心的。故选D。
5. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：（在沙洲）给这些树浇水对于一个人来说是一个很艰难的任务（工作）。task工作，任务；journey旅行；condition状态，环境；subject主题。故选A。
6. C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：日复一日，小竹苗长成了大竹林。wild野生的，荒凉的；tall高的；young年轻的，年幼的；green绿色的。故选C。
7. D【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：现在沙洲已经变成了森林（竹林），并且成了数以千计的动植物的家。way to……的方式，……的路；guide to引导……到……；school to……的学校；home to……的家/故乡。故选D。
8. A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年有一支100头左右的大象组成的象群会到竹林中去，并在那里待上几个月。stay待在……，逗留；lie躺，撒谎；sit坐；stop停止。故选A。
9. B【解析】考查代词词义辨析。固定短语“in one's+整十的数的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。Jadav Payeng是男性，所以用his。故选B。
10. C【解析】考查固定短语。句意：Jadav Payeng被称为“印度森林之子”。be known as意为“号称，被认为是”。故选C。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美国不同种类的舞会，重点介绍了睡衣舞会和毕业舞会。
1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：本文提到了多少种晚会？根据第一段中“Americans like to have different kinds of parties, such as birthday parties, surprise parties, tea parties and housewarming parties.”可知文中先提到了四种。下文中又提到了睡衣舞会、毕业舞会，总共提到了六种晚会。故选B。
2. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：睡衣晚会在哪里举办？由第一段第三句“At a pajama party, a group of friends spend the night at a person's house.”可知睡衣晚会在个人的家里举办。故选A。
3. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为了举行一个睡衣晚会，主人通常会安排一些有趣的活动，除了_______。由第二段第一句“…such as watching movies and playing board games and video games at home.”可知选D。
4. B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：从文中我们可以知道画线单词“prom”的意思是_______。根据最后一段中“The party is usually held near the end of the senior year, the last year of high school, so it is often called graduation（毕业） dance.”可知是毕业舞会。故选B。
5. B【解析】标题归纳题。文章介绍了美国人的不同舞会，尤其重点介绍了睡衣舞会和毕业舞会。故选B。
Ⅳ.任务型完形填空
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者不喜欢英语老师，汤姆的教育感化了作者，作者根据“你对他感兴趣，他就对你感兴趣”试着找到老师谈话而解决问题。文章告诉我们：先喜欢人，你将会发现你照在他人身上的光将会更亮地返回给你。
1. sitting【解析】句意：汤姆和我_______在学校图书馆。根据前面的“were”和方框中所给的单词，可确定此处使用现在分词、动名词、形容词等；结合句意可知是坐在图书馆里。故填sitting。
2. saw【解析】句意：然后我朝窗外看并_______史密斯先生，我的英语老师，经过操场。根据“and”及句子成分，可知此处应填动词过去式，与“looked out of”并列；再结合所给单词可知此处表达我看见史密斯先生……。故填saw。
3. glasses【解析】句意：他戴着一副_______。根据句意及所给词汇可知此处表示“眼镜”，用复数。故填glasses。
4. explained【解析】句意：我_______……。分析句子成分可知此处为谓语动词；结合所给词汇，前面asked及此处的位置，可知explain在此处最合适，表示解释，用过去式explained。故填explained。
5. found【解析】句意：或许你已经_______它错误。由have可知此处应填过去分词，表示现在完成时；结合所给单词和句意可知用find的过去分词，表示发现。故填found。
6. friendly【解析】句意：他可能认为你不喜欢他，因此他对你不_______。由“is not”可知此处可能为形容词、动名词等；结合所给单词和句意可知是用friendly，be friendly to sb.“对某人友好”。故填friendly。
7. him【解析】句意：如果你对_______表示感兴趣，他将对你感兴趣。由in可知此处为宾格；结合后半句和句意可知是对他感兴趣。故填him。
8. happily【解析】句意：然后我们一起笑，_______交谈。分析句子成分可知此处为副词；结合所给单词和句意可知是开心地交谈。故填happily。
9. first【解析】句意：_______喜欢人。结合所给单词和句意可知是“先喜欢人”与上文的“你对他感兴趣，他将对你感兴趣”呼应。故填first。
10. shone【解析】句意：你将会发现你照在他人身上的光将会更亮地_______返给你。由be可知此处用动名词、过去分词、形容词等；结合所给单词和句意可知用shone，表示被返回，为被动语态，符合语境。故填shone。
Ⅴ.任务型阅读理解
【主旨大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍美国加利福尼亚州很富裕，拥有大量的土地，也有很多人，自然资源非常丰富，但是有两个主要问题：地震和森林火灾。作者列举了几次地震和大火造成的财产损失和人员伤亡的例子。
1. Because of【解析】as a result of“（它的）结果是……”与because of“由于……的结果”是同义词。位于句首，首字母需大写。
2. 其中一些地震非常强烈。
3. before【解析】句意：它们经常在消防员灭火之前烧死人们。分析句子结构，前后句存在时间上先后顺序，故填连词before。
4. More than 3，000 people.
5. It is dry (and has less rain).【解析】根据最后一段第一句中的“much of California is dry”可知答案。
Ⅵ.口语交际
1-5 ADBEF
Ⅶ.书面表达
The book I'd like to share with you is The Old Man and the Sea. It is written by the American writer Ernest Hemingway. This book tells about a fisherman who is lucky enough to catch a huge fish at sea, but finds it hard to take it home. On the way back, he has to fight against the fish, and the sea as well.
What I like most about the book is that the fisherman never gives up when meeting with difficulties. I still remember the well-known sentence from the book：Man is not made for defeat. This tells us that nothing seems terrible as long as we have a strong will and a brave heart.
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