Unit 2 Robots
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era.
Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being in a coffee place, with my two daughters. The place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep (陡峭) stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we went down the narrow stairs, where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down.
Just as I was in the middle of the stairs, a gentleman entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase (楼梯). I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up. I kept coming down as fast as I could. My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, and hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort.
Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door. I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up.
Such wellmannered people are hard to find these days, when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society. We applauded him for his chivalry (彬彬有礼)．
[语篇解读] 本文为一篇记叙文。本文通过讲述自己的亲身经历告诉读者，现在社会尽管懂得礼节的人不多，但毕竟还存在着一些懂礼节的人。
1．What is the meaning of the underlined word “courtesy” in Paragraph 1?
A．A brave action. B．Sacrifice spirit.
C．A considerate action. D．Selfish behavior.
解析：词义猜测题。根据文中男子为女士让路和开门等行为可知他是一个善解人意、彬彬有礼的人，由此可推出courtesy意为：为他人着想的行为，故答案为C项。
答案：C
2．What did the author think of the man at the first sight of him?
A．He was in a hurry.
B．He would wait for her.
C．He would push her rudely.
D．He was a man with good manners.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up.”可知，作者第一眼看到那个男士时以为他会粗鲁地推开她上楼梯，故答案为C项。
答案：C
3．Why did the author's daughters worry about her?
A．She was easy to be nervous.
B．She took up too much space.
C．She was too old to walk fast.
D．She focused too much on the man.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“My daughters were already down，looking up at me worriedly...knowing I was a nervous sort.”可知作者的女儿们担心她的原因是：她是一个很容易紧张的人，故答案为A项。
答案：A
4．What can we learn about the man from Paragraph 4?
A．He might be a waiter of the café.
B．He might have an urgent business to do.
C．He loved a daughter of the author.
D．He would hold the door open for all.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“I saw him going up the stairs，two at a time.”可知，那位男士可能有急事要做，故答案为B项。
答案：B
B
Can you figure out someone's name just by looking at him or her?
The answer may not be a definite “yes”， but a study by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, found that you would at least have a clue, since people with certain names tend to share similar facial appearances.
For example, if someone is named Bob, he's likely to have a round and joyful face, while someone named Tim tends to have a narrower face and a more serious look.
People have long been associating names with certain cultural expectations, which may be responsible for the study's results. For example, a woman named Katherine is usually considered to be more reliable than a girl named Bonnie. Previous studies also found that people with traditionally AfricanAmerican names such as DeShawn and Jamal are more likely to be seen as dangerous and violent by their teachers and are less likely to be hired in jobs.
These stereotypes (模式化概念) have become so widespread that they've even affected how people look at themselves. In fact, people tend to subconsciously (下意识地) change their own personalities to fit into these stereotypes—Katherines may try hard to be trustworthy and Bonnies may care less about the mistakes they make.
“We develop the personality that other people expect us to exhibit，”said lead researcher Yonat Zwebner, according to The Telegraph. In other words, it's not that names change people, but people try to live up to their names.
And our faces may even change over time, based on these stereotypes.
“Usually, we think that faces are very fixed but now we show that they're not，” the study's coauthor Ruth Mayo told UK's iNews.
According to Mayo, the use of different facial expressions can allow people to develop different looks. “If you smile a lot, you have different wrinkles around your eyes and your mouth from if you frown(皱眉)a lot，” she said.
[语篇解读] 本文主要讨论了是否可以通过相面而识人名的问题。
5．Why did the author use the names Bob and Tim as an example?
A．To prove the influence of names on our emotions.
B．To present the cultural expectations of certain names.
C．To show the correct method of guessing someone's name.
D．To explain the possible connections between names and looks.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段的整体内容可推知，第三段的例子是为了证明第二段的观点，即名字和面相是有一定联系的，故选D。
答案：D
6．Which of the following are considered cultural stereotypes by the author?
a．A boy named Tim tends to be cautious.
b．A boy named Jamal tends to be violent.
c．A boy named DeShawn appears dangerous.
d．A girl named Bonnie is likely to be seen as joyful.
e．A girl named Katherine is usually considered trustworthy.
A．abe B．ade
C．bce D．bcd
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“Previous studies also found that people with traditionally AfricanAmerican names such as DeShawn and Jamal are more likely to be seen as dangerous and violent by their teachers and are less likely to be hired in jobs.”和第五段最后一句的“Katherines may try hard to be trustworthy and Bonnies may care less about the mistakes they make.”可知，答案为C。
答案：C
7．Which of the following would Yonat Zwebner probably agree with?
A．People's faces become fixed as they grow into adults.
B．The way people are looked at changes their personalities.
C．People could change their personalities by using different names.
D．People should focus on sound and meaning when choosing names.
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段的“In other words，it's not that names change people，but people try to live up to their names.”可推知，人们竭力去使自己的个性和名字相符，故选B。
答案：B
8．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Names may make looks
B．Names can change people
C．Appearances may affect jobs
D．Appearances can carry cultures
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“Can you figure out someone's name just by looking at him or her？”的开篇点题，并结合文章的整体内容可知，本文主要讨论的是名字和面相之间的关系，故选A。
答案：A
Ⅱ.完形填空
Ask someone for their first memory and they will often give some fairly dull possibilities and not be sure which comes first.However，I have no 1 at all about mine. The earliest thing I recall is looking down and seeing flames coming out of my 2 .
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