不定冠词(a, an)和定冠词(the)的区别

一、课前练习

1）写出下列表语形容词的汉语意思

afraid（ ） alike（ ）

alive（ ） alone（ ）

asleep（ ） awake（ ）

ill（ ）

2）填空

1. She is _____________ of dog. (担心的)

2. I am ___________ early in the morning. (醒着的)

3. My mother fell _____ (生病的) and she _______(看起来) tired.

4. He is ___________（孤单的）, because his father and mother went abroad(出国).

5. This fish is still ___________(活着的).

7. Mum is __________(睡着的), when I get home.

8. These two coats are _________ (一样的) to me, I don’t like

them at all.

3) 英译汉

1. It is difficult to understand this question.

2. It is dangerous to play with a snake.

3. It is wonderful to go shopping with my mother.

4. It is pleasant to have a walk in the evening.

5. It is impossible to meet him at this time tomorrow.

二、不定冠词详解

1）概念：冠词是用于名词前用以说明该名词含义的虚词（在现代英语中冠词被称为限制定词）。传统语法通常将冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两类。不定冠词有a和an两种形式，其中a用于辅音音素前，an用于元音音素前。

2）不定冠词的基本用法

（1）不定冠词有a和an两种：a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。例如：

a boy, a city, a girl, a useful animal , an old man, an honest boy,

a bad apple, a tall elephant, a university(虽然u 是元音字母，但不读元音), an hour 一个小时 (虽然h 不是元音，但单词读音是元音开头)

（2）用来表示“—”的意思，但不强调数的观念，只说明名词为不特定者。即不具体说明是何人何物。例如：

A teacher is looking for you.

We work five days a week.

（3）不定冠词含有“—”的意思，但数量观念没有one强烈，在句子里一般可以不必译出，但若有“一个”的意思则译出，例如：

—— An orange is good for you. 桔子对你有好处。

—— How much is it ? 多少钱？

——Two yuan a kilo. 二元一公斤。

（4）一般用在可数名词单数前，指人或事物的某一种类。例如：

Bill is a student.

He is a doctor.

（5）用在某些固定词组中。例如：

a lot of, a moment ago, a few, a little

(6) 练一练：

1. There is ________ “h” in the word“honest”.

A. a     B. the    C. /    D. an

2.What ________ terrible life people in the small island lived at that time!

A. an   B./   C. a    D. the

3．Father often says to me, “Be ________ honest boy today and ________ useful man tomorrow. ”

A. a; a   B. an; an    C. a; an   D. an; a

4.Qingdao is ________ most beautiful city in summer.

A. the   B. /   C. a    D. one

5.—So you are running ________ restaurant?

—Yes，but I don’t want to make it ______ restaurant only for rich people.

A. the; /  B. the; the  C. a; the D. a; a

6.—Have you seen ________ pen? I left it here this morning.

—Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it some where.

A. a; the  B.the; the  C. a; a   D. the; a

7. Oh，John. What ________ you gave us!

A. a pleasant surprise   B. pleasant surprise

C. an pleasant surprise   D. the pleasant surprise

8. John is ________ university student.

A. /    B. any     C. a    D. an

9.—I’d like ____ information about the management of your hotel，please.

—Well，you could have ______ word with the manager. He might be helpful.

A. some; a   B. an; some  C. some; some　  D. an; a

10.—If you don’t like the red coat，take the blue one.

—OK, but do you have __ size in blue? This one is a bit tight for me.

A. a big   B. a bigger   C. the big  D. the bigger

三、定冠词详解

1) 概念：the用来表示特定的人或事物。the 的用法最广，不管是可数还是不可数，不管是单数还是复数，都可以用the. 具体用法如下： 

（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。 例如：

The book on the desk is mine. 桌上的书是我的。

Show me the photo of the boy, please. 请把这个男孩的照片递给我。

（2）指双方都知道的人或事物。 例如：

Open the door, please. 请开门。

Did you see the boy? 你看见那个男孩了吗？

What’s the new teacher’s name? 新老师的名字叫什么？

（3）指上文提到的人或事物。例如：

He lives on a farm. The farm is not big.

他住在农场，这农场不大。

There are some dogs. The dogs are very lovely.

这儿有一些狗。这些狗很可爱。

（4）用在世界上独一无二的事物前。例如：

The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大些。

但这些名词作为描绘性定语时，可用不定冠词。例如：

Look! A red sun is rising. 瞧！一轮红日正在升起。

（5）用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如：

The first island is the biggest of the three.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。

（6）用在用普通名词构成的党派，国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等专有名词前。例如：

They will visit the Great Wall next week.

他们下个星期将会参观长城。

They came to the United States of America last year.

他们去年就来美国了。

（7）用在形容词前表示一类人，the +形容词指的是一群人，是一种复数含义，所以其后动词应用复数形式。例如：

The old are sick. 老人病了。

（8）用在姓名复数形式前表示一家人。例如：

The Smiths have moved to London.史密斯一家搬去伦敦了。

（9）用在某些习惯用语中。例如：

in the morning 在早上 on the left 左边

the day before yesterday前天 all the same 仍然

2）练一练

1. _______ doctor told him to take_______ medicine three times ______ day．

2.There is _______ woman over there． _______ woman is Merimee’s mother．

3. _______ sun rises in_______ east．

4. _______ Changjiang River is_______ longest river in _______ China．

5.It's too hot．Open_______ door，please．

6.Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA．

四、总结与作业

1.单项选择。

1) He often has ________ egg and some milk for breakfast.

　　A. / 　　　B. a 　　　C. the　　　 D. an

2)---What’s the trouble with Lingling?

　　---She doesn’t go to________ school and stay in _____bed now.

　　A. a; / 　　　B. the; the　　　 C. /; /　　　 D. /; a

3)---Do you have _______ dictionary?

　 ---No, but Lucy has ______ new dictionary on the bookshelf.

　　A. a; the 　　　B. the; the 　　　C. the; a　　　 D. a; a

4) _______ earth is round.

　　A. A 　　　B. An 　　　C. The 　　　D. /

5) There is _______ “L” in the word “LUCK”.

　　A. a 　　　B. the　　　 C. an 　　　D. /

6) I hope you have ______ happy day today.

　　A. a 　　　B. an　　　 C. the　　　 D. /

7) _______ Whites are having dinner together.

　　A. A 　　　B. The　　　 C. An　　　 D. /

8) There is _______ orange and some pineapples in the basket.

　　A. the 　　　B. / 　　　C. a 　　　D. an

9) Lisa has _______ hat. ______ hat is very beautiful.

　　A. a; A 　　　B. an; A　　　 C. a; The 　　　D. an; /

10)I’m watching_______ movie. It is about_______ interesting love story.

　　A. a; an　　　 B. a; a　　　 C. the; the　　　 D. /; an

2. 句子改错。每句中有一个错误，请改正。

　　1) July is a seventh month of the year.

　　2) We wait here for half a hour.

　　3)Students often play the football after school.

　　4)It’s an European wolf.

　　5)They often have a supper in a restaurant.

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