徐州市2018～2019学年度高三年级考前模拟检测
英语试题
说明:1.本试卷共12页，满分120分，考试时间120分钟。
2.在答题纸的密封线内填写学校、班级、姓名、考号等，密封线内不要答题。
3.请将所有答案均按照题号填涂或填写在答题卡/纸相应的答题处，否则不得分。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)
第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)
第一节:单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
请认真阅读下面各题，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21.Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, only today is a gift, and that is ______ we call it present.
A. how B. when C. why D. where
【答案】C
22.The whole nation is struggling to work out an inexpensive ______ effective solution to smog.
A. yet B. still C. or D. though
【答案】A
23.She runs on average about 15 miles a day every day, ______ the circumstances.
A. whatever B. wherever C. whichever D. however
【答案】A
24.When we have a chance to travel, we tend to ______ as many sights into the trip as we can--- seven countries in ten days, for example.
A. squeeze B. sneeze C. subscribe D. substitute
【答案】A
25.Lack of sleep _______ lead to weakened immunity and memory, and also slow physical growth.
A. shall B. must C. should D. can
【答案】D
26.Abraham set himself up in front of his daughter, hands ________ her hair, and was close to tears, reluctant to tear himself from her.
A. to toy with B. toyed with C. toying with D. being toyed with
【答案】C
27.Recently, a programmer criticized the “996” work schedule ______ employees work from 9 am to 9 pm, 6 days a week, with the prospect of ending up in an intensive care unit.
A. where B. when C. which D. whose
【答案】A
28.While his approach was a complete ________ from established practices, the result was satisfactory.
A. separation B. prohibition C. departure D. judgment
【答案】C
29.Most spending that results in debt is like a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that ______, only to drag you down for years to come.
A. takes off B. wears off C. sets off D. shows off
【答案】B
30.US slang is hugely ______ thanks to the many different ethnic groups that have settled in the country.
A. delicate B. dynamic C. diverse D. desperate
【答案】C
31.—I’m burnt out as I’ve been working on my essay all the time.
— ____________. You’ll surely make it.
A. Don’t put on airs B. Give me a break
C. Don’t get on my nerve D. Hang in there
【答案】D
32.Decades ago, scientists believed that how the brain develops when you are a kid ______ determines your brain structure for the rest of your life.
A. sooner or later B. more or less C. to and from D. up and down
【答案】B
33.After she became ill, I felt ______ with her—she was cheery while I felt gloomy.
A. out of tune B. out of breath C. out of curiosity D. out of mind
【答案】A
34.When you are absorbed in a book or simply trying to rest, it seems that the phone ______ continuously, destroying your momentary peace.
A. rings B. has been ringing C. rang D. is ringing
【答案】D
35.I'd advise anyone to put aside a proportion of their earnings — ____________.
A. nothing great is easy B. nothing comes from nothing
C. a bad penny always turns up D. a penny saved is a penny earned
【答案】D
第二节: 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I spent my childhood collecting and pressing four-leaf clovers(三叶草) into books at my mother’s house. I ___36___ books like the complete works of Shakespeare. In the end, I slipped my ___37___ into anything I could find, even cookbooks.
A few years ago, in Nova Scotia, my husband and I pulled off the road for a ___38___. The ground was thick with clover. Some had four, five, even six ___39___. I lined them up on the picnic table to ___40___ as my husband, never yet having found one four-leaf clover, ___41___ with awe.
Two summers back, in the Munich airport, I picked a tiny four-leaf clover. On the way home, my husband and I were ___42___ to first-class seats. Friends thought we owed our good luck to the clover. I think it’s more ___43___ that we were transferred because a flight cancellation left us ___44___ between two cities and a(n) ___45___ customer service representative took pity on us.
Some people believe the luck is lost ___46___ the four-leaf clover is shown to somebody else, while others think the luck ___47___ if it is given away. I feel lucky to find the clovers so often, but I don’t think they influence my life any more than it does to ___48___ anything a little special. Think about that momentary ___49___ between you and a friend or a stranger, as you all bend forward to ___50___ at a rare find.
People often ask how I do it. Well, I love clover. I have a habit of ___51___ my fingers across a patch(小块土地), momentarily ___52___ the individuals, which brings the ___53___ ones into focus. That’s the ___54___: simply move your hand across a thick patch, letting the clovers reveal themselves. Appreciate the ones that have only three leaves. ___55___ things are beautiful too. And a four-leaf clover may show itself to you.
36. A. referred to B. started with C. caught up on D. got lost in
37. A. bookmarks B. memories C. notes D. treasures
38. A. picnic B. rest C. photo D. check
39. A. flowers B. colours C. leaves D. shoots
40. A. admire B. count C. match D. present
41. A. broke down B. looked on C. came in D. got away
42. A. chased B. upgraded C. induced D. hooked
43. A. comfortable B. disturbing C. explicit D. likely
44. A. puzzled B. annoyed C. caught D. fixed
45. A. kind B. arbitrary C. reliable D. impatient
46. A. since B. unless C. once D. though
47. A. arrives B. doubles C. departs D. shrinks
48. A. appreciate B. exchange C. recommend D. share
49. A. hopefulness B. awkwardness C. closeness D. loneliness
50. A. wonder B. laugh C. point D. glare
51. A. spreading B. keeping C. putting D. dragging
52. A. sparing B. separating C. scratching D. searching
53. A. same B. slim C. irregular D. informal
54. A. trick B. distinction C. insight D. problem
55. A. Broken B. Authentic C. Delicate D. Common
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. A 41. B 42. B 43. D 44. C 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. D
第三部分: 阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
56. Which of the following shows the correct touring order in the excursion?
A. Skagway →Suspension Bridge → Klondike Gold Rush
B. Liarsville Trail Camp →Klondike Highway→Tutshi River
C. Klondike Summit →Suspension Bridge → Liarsville Trail Camp
D. Klondike Gold Rush →Liarsville Trail Camp → Suspension Bridge
57. After reading the four reviews, we learn that ______________.
A. Palp thought the price for the excursion is reasonable
B. Dragon thought highly of his humorous and learned guide
C. Plutocrat was not content with the food in Liarsville
D. Rod felt the view around the suspension bridge was great
【答案】56. C 57. B
B
Scientists have long known that herbivores (食草动物) affect the plant diversity around them. In highly productive ecosystems, like jungles, animals would favor dominant, fast-growing plants. This would free up nutrients and space, allowing for a greater variety of plants to boom. In contrast, herbivores in regions with low plant biomass, like deserts, would eat whatever they could find, only driving down plant diversity.
Now, a team of scientists has tested this hypothesis(假说). Burkepile, a biology professor in UC Santa Barbara, and his colleagues reviewed 252 studies comparing plant diversity in areas where herbivores were and were not excluded.
Their study revealed that whether herbivores increase or decrease plant diversity depends on what’s on the menu. In general, the correlation (相关性) between herbivory and diversity wasn’t nearly as clear as everyone had expected. However, the team noticed a much stronger association: when the ecosystem hosted a particularly vigorous species of plant, herbivory seemed to be crucial in maintaining biodiversity.
For instance, grasslands in the tallgrass prairie in the American Midwest tend to be dominated (控制) by fast-growing grasses, such as big bluestem. The team discovered that herbivores had an outsized effect on maintaining biodiversity by keeping big bluestem from taking over dozens of smaller, slower growing plant species. However not all herbivores are on an equal foot. The team found that the connection between herbivory and diversity was particularly strong in grasslands where more animals feed on grass than on herbs and bushes. This seems reasonable, since grasses tend to be the dominant species in grasslands, as the name suggests.
These findings are more than academic. “We’ve seen three decades of really important papers saying that ecosystems work better when you have more species in them,” Burkepile said. “What our data suggests is that herbivores are especially important for maintaining this biodiversity in places where you have a really dominant plant species.” As biodiversity continues to decline worldwide, conservationists are looking for ways to prevent catastrophic losses. “This suggests that one possible approach to managing ecosystems and biodiversity is to use herbivores to manage these dominant species,” Burkepile added.
58. According to Paragraph 1, how do herbivores help to increase biodiversity?
A. By consuming dominant, fast-growing plants.
B. By destroying jungles and freeing up space.
C. By adding more nutrients to the soil.
D. By eating up low plant biomass.
59. The underlined part in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that ____________.
A. herbivory has nothing to do with biodiversity in a given ecosystem
B. herbivores decrease biodiversity in tallgrass-dominated ecosystems
C. small animals help to protect biodiversity in grasslands without bushes
D. the degree to which herbivores affect biodiversity is related to plant species
60. What is the author trying to tell us in the last paragraph?
A. The limitations of the new study.
B. The potential application of the new study.
C. The contradiction between the past view and the new findings.
D. The importance of maintaining ecosystems and biodiversity.
【答案】58. A 59. D 60. B
C
Researchers at the University of York in England published their findings on facial recognition that, on average, people can remember as many as 5,000 faces.
There have been many studies recently on facial recognition technology. But the authors of this study say theirs is the first time that scientists have been able to put a number to the abilities of humans to recognize faces. Rob Jenkins, leader of the research, said the researchers’ study centered on “the number of faces people actually know.” and were not able to discover whether there is a “limit on how many faces the brain can handle.”
Jenkins said the ability to tell individual people apart is “clearly important.” In today’s modern world of big cities, we meet and deal with thousands of people. The study suggests our facial recognition abilities help us to deal with the many different faces we see on the screens, as well as those we know. The results of the study give a baseline for comparing the “facial vocabulary” of humans with facial recognition software.
Today, facial recognition technology is used in many ways, including by law enforcement agencies to prevent crime and violence. Governments use it to keep secret areas secure and, in extreme cases, control populations. Some governments use the software to watch people and find out where they go and what they do. Even Facebook uses facial recognition. For example, when you name a friend, Facebook technology may recognize the person’s face from a different picture you had shared before.
For the human study, people spent one hour writing down as many faces from their personal lives as possible. At first, they found it easy to come up with many faces. But by the end of the hour, they found it harder to think of new ones. Their change in speed let the researchers estimate when they would have run out of faces completely. 1,000 to 10,000 faces remembered. People who took part in the study were also shown thousands of photographs of famous people. Researchers asked them which ones they recognized. To make sure they knew these people, researchers required them to recognize two different photos of each famous person. The results showed that the participants knew between 1,000 and 10,000 faces.
How do they explain such a wide range? Jenkins said one explanation may be that some people have a natural ability for remembering faces. “There are differences in how much attention people pay to faces and how well they process the information.” Also it could be because of different social environments. Some people may have grown up in more populated places. So, they may have had more social contact throughout their lives.
Researchers think age may be an interesting area for further research. “It would be interesting to see whether there is a peak age for the number of faces we know”, Jenkins said. He said it is possible that we gather more faces throughout our lifetime. But, he added, there also may be an age at which we start to find it harder to remember all of those faces.
61. What can we learn from the research?
A. People can remember up to 5,000 faces averagely.
B. People can write down up to 10,000 faces quickly.
C. There is a limit to the number of faces a person can remember.
D. There is a peak age for the number of faces a person can remember.
62. The scientists carried out the research aiming to ______.
A. be the first to number the faces people can remember
B. help people recognize many different faces
C. improve people’s facial vocabulary
D. develop facial recognition software
63. Facial recognition technology is used by governments to ________.
A. predict and prevent crime B. track and monitor people
C. name a friend on Facebook D. control populations in secret areas
64. In Jenkins’ opinion, what may contribute to people’s different facial vocabulary?
A. Growing conditions. B. Natural environment.
C. Personal experience. D. Information technology.
【答案】61. A 62. D 63. B 64. A
D
The age of adulthood is by definition arbitrary. If everyone matured at the same, fixed rate, it wouldn’t be a human process. Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so I’d say I was easily old enough to vote at 16, but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and I’ve got the county court judgment to prove it.
However, we broadly agree that there’s a difference between a child and an adult, even if we might argue about the transition point. So the political theorist David Runciman’s view that six-year-olds should be allowed to vote goes against any standard argument about the age of civic responsibility. Nobody would say that a six-year-old could be held criminally responsible, could be sent to war, could be capable of consent, could be given responsibility for anything. So allowing them the vote—along with, unavoidably, seven-year-olds who are even sillier, if anything—is quite an amusing proposal.
Runciman’s argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life, which is currently twisted in favor of the old, who don’t (he added) ever need to demonstrate mental capacity, even long after they’ve lost it.
The first part of his case is self-evident: pensions are protected while children’s centers are closed, concepts such as sovereignty(最高权威) are prioritized over the far more urgent business of the future: climate change. Nostalgia(怀念) for a past the young wouldn’t even recognize plays a central role, which is completely unfair.
Most of the arguments against giving six-year-olds a vote are that children would end up voting for something damaging and chaotic, if someone made unrealistic promises to them, which could never be realized. Well, it’s not children’s fault.
Having said that, children do tend towards the progressive, having a natural sense of justice (which kicks in at the age of six months, psychologists have shown, by creating scenes of great unfairness to babies, and making them cry) and an underdeveloped sense of self-interest. My kid, when he was six, made quite a forceful case against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a house, they shouldn’t cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of pre-Marx communism, where you limit the coverage of the market to only those things that you wouldn’t mind someone else not having.
On that particular day, when we were registered as voters, my kid was quite far to the left of me, but in the normal run of things, we’re united, which brings us to the point of the problem: children obey you on almost nothing, but they do seem to believe in your politics until they’re adolescent. So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes. And what can stop us having even more children, once there’s so much enfranchisement(选举权) in it for us?
Now, if parents could be trusted to use their influence wisely, and hammer into children the politics it will take to assure a better future, then I wouldn’t necessarily have a problem with that, apart from, obviously, that culture is already wildly twisted towards parents, and I can imagine a few non-parents boiling with fierce anger. But that’s not worth talking about anyway, because parents can’t be trusted, otherwise we’d all already vote Green(绿党).
In short: no, six-year-olds should not get the vote; but while we’re here, if any votes come up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU migrants, 16-year-olds certainly should be enfranchised.
65. The author refers to his age of adulthood to prove that ___________.
A. people mature at different rates in various aspects
B. there’s a common standard for the age of adulthood
C. a credit card is more difficult to get than the vote
D. certain rights are granted at different stages of life
66. People reject David Runciman’s proposal because ___________.
A. they don’t think a child can grow into adulthood earlier
B. they are uncertain whether children can assume responsibility
C. they believe children are far from mature in many ways
D. they know the age to get the vote is not to be questioned
67. What is the base for David Runciman’s argument?
A. A cultural preference for the old.
B. The imbalance in political life.
C. Inequalities of opportunity.
D. Public ignorance of children’s abilities.
68. The author talks about his kid to indicate that ___________.
A. children are good-natured and like to help people in need
B. children are simple-minded and can fall for an adult’s trick
C. children are innocent and don’t want to be involved in politics
D. children are in favor of a just society and tend to be idealistic
69. The author thinks allowing children the vote may lead to ___________.
A. twisted culture B. misuse of rights
C. parents’ objections D. unusual maturation
70. What is the main point of the passage?
A. Allowing children the vote is not altogether absurd.
B. There is a difference between adults and children.
C. Parents should introduce politics to their children.
D. The definition of adulthood is quite controversial.
【答案】65. A 66. C 67. B 68. D 69. B 70. A
第四部分:任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Australia is becoming an increasingly lonely place, so much so that one party is turning it into an election issue. Social isolation affects one in ten Australians, while one in six experience periods of emotional loneliness. As the Australian population gets older, rates of social isolation are expected to increase.
In Victoria, one political party thinks the problem is so severe it requires government involvement with it. Fiona Patten, the upper house MP, has proposed that Victoria introduce a minister for loneliness to work across health, infrastructure, justice and communities portfolios, and handle what experts say is becoming a growing health problem.
Scarce public transport options, a lack of support for people with disabilities to engage in community events and satellite suburbs that force long commutes and leave little time for socialisation have all been identified as possible structural triggers. “We know that everyone is at risk of loneliness in periods of life transition,” says Tegan Cruwys, a psychological research fellow at Australian National University. “Whether that’s moving to university, becoming a mum, retiring from the workforce, changing jobs, moving cities. If you were someone who experienced loneliness during life transitions, that has less to do with you and much more to do with the world in which you are living.”
Kevin O’Neill is 56 and divorced in his early 40s. He says the transition from living with a wife and kids to living alone was tough. Things improved when he moved back to Keilor in Melbourne’s northern suburbs and reconnected with friends he grew up with.
Avril Hannah-Jones, a Uniting Church minister, is also considering the risks associated with that transition. “At the moment the time I spend alone is by choice, and is a relaxation from a very people-oriented job,” she says. “Maybe in retirement, if being alone is no longer by choice, I’ll feel more lonely.”
Brook says retirees can protect against the health risks of loneliness by joining one or two community groups or volunteer communities. “If you’re 65 and you retire and you just sort of potter around the house … your chances of dying within six years are 12% – that’s an early death,” she says. “If you retire at 65 and you join one interest group choir, knitting, woodworking, men’s shed, anything, your chances of dying in that six years has reduced by half.”
The risk of an early death decreases with every group or meaningful activity you join. “I think that’s a really profoundly simple but profoundly powerful message of optimism about this issue.” Cruwys says the social risk of retirement should be discussed and planned for as openly as the financial risks. There is a demonstrated connection between being financially strained, such as living on welfare or the pension, and an increased sense of isolation. “Staying connected costs money, so more financial aids should be provided, ” she says.
【答案】71. proportion/percentage
72. aging 73. severity/seriousness
74. transport
75. oneself
76. socially
77. Solutions
78. connecting
79. extend/lengthen
80. reduce/lower/decrease
第五部分:书面表达(满分 25分)
81.请阅读下面有关保护个人信息的文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。
With the rapid development of the digital economy, we can basically do everything online – order food, shop, hail taxis and even seek health counseling. But with convenience also come risks: By handing over data such as our name, home address, phone number and health condition to service providers, we’re risking our personal information being illegally collected and abused.
According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, last year 160,000 apps were reviewed by officers with industry and information technology departments nationwide. Also, 39 app operators were ordered to stop excessive or illegal data collection practices, while 191 apps were removed from online app stores. Police also arrested over 13,000 people suspected of illegally collecting, stealing or purchasing personal data.
Here comes some good news. China’s top legislature (立法机构), the National People’s Congress, has reviewed a draft law that includes measures to strengthen protection for personal information online.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 谈谈泄露个人信息给人们生活带来的影响，并举例说明；
3. 联系实际，就如何保护个人信息提出建议。(至少两条)
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】While the digital economy brings us convenience, our personal information risks being illegally collected and abused. Luckily, the people involved in the misuse of personal information were punished and new laws have been drafted.
When our personal information is leaked, our life, study, privacy and interest will be greatly affected. For example, many of us get annoyed by junk messages in our inbox, or phone calls from people we don’t know. Worse still, some people’s lives risk being endangered.
As to how to protect our personal information, I’d like to put forward two pieces of advice. First and foremost, the government must put protecting personal information high on its agenda and form a special agency to negotiate new laws to fight this crime. Additionally, citizens must enhance their awareness and be cautious when using apps that request personal information. Only by joint efforts can people’s personal information be safeguarded and a harmonious society built.
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