过去分词的用法

过去分词的用法

1. 过去分词作表语

She is interested in the interesting book. 

2. 过去分词作定语

　　1）过去分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：

　　Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?）预定的座位在哪里？

　　区别：This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）这是一个紧迫的问题。

　　2）过去分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如：

　　The funds raised （= which have been raised） are mainly used for helping the homeless.

　　筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。

　　区别：There are many students waiting （= who are waiting）to get examined. 有许多学生在等待检查。

　　This book，written （= which is written） in simple English，is suitable for beginners.

　　本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。

　　3）过去分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如：　　

The newly-built building is our office building.　　这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。

区别：The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.　　那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。

　　4）有些不及物动词的过去过去分词作定语，并不表示被动而是表示完成。常作前置修饰语。例如：

There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.　　秋天有许多落叶。

The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。

　　常用的这一类词有：fallen， faded， returned， retired， risen， grown up， vanished等。

3. 过去分词作宾语补足语

　　1） 跟过去分词作宾补的动词有：catch，have get，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，want，start， notice，observe，watch，set等。例如：

　　When they returned home from the holiday， they found their house stolen.

　　We want this work finished quickly.　　我们要求这项工作很快完成。

　　2）在复合宾语中，用现在过去分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如：

　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard.

　　由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。

　　When he awoke，he found himself being looked after by an old woman.

他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。

4. 过去分词作状语

　　1）过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如：

　　Confined to bed （= Because she was confined to bed），she needed to be waited on in everything.

　　她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。（作原因状语）

　　区别：Having only book knowledge （= If you only have book knowledge），you will not be able to work well.　　如果只有书本知识，你就不可能做好工作。（作条件状语）

　　They stood there，waiting for the bus. （=They stood there and waited for the bus.）（作伴随状语）

　　2） 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较

　　不管是现在过去分词还是过去过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。过去分词作状 语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在过去分词。有时为了强调，过去分词前可带连词when，while，if，though，as if，unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如：

　　Defeated （= Though he was defeated）， he remained a popular boxer.

虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。

区别：Working hard （If you work hard）， you will succeed.　　如果你努力，你会成功的。

5. 过去分词的独立结构

　　1）过去分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，过去分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立主格结构。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如：

　　The project finished，they had a two weeks' leave.　　完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。

　　He being absent，nothing could be done.　　由于他缺席，什么事也没法干。

　　2） 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 过去分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如：

　　They sat there silently，（with） their eyes fixedon the lake.　　他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。

区别：With him helping me，I felt lucky.　　有他的帮助，我感到很幸运。

温馨提示：非谓语动词解题三大步骤：辨别“谓语与非谓语”；找逻辑主语；分析时态语态

一、选择

1． The problem just ＿＿＿ is an important one．

 A．to be referred to  B．referred to  C．referring to  D．referred

2．The water in this glass is too hot．I prefer some cold ＿＿＿ water．

 A．to boil  B．having boiled  C．boiled  D．boiling

3．The story was so ＿＿＿ that all of us were ＿＿＿ to tears．

 A．moving; moving  B．moved; moved  C．moved; moving  D．moving; moved

4．She was very glad to see her child well ＿＿＿．

 A．take care of  B．taken care of  C．to take care of  D．taking care of

5． He had his leg ＿＿＿ in the football match yesterday．

 A．to break  B．broken  C．break D．breaking

6．With the job＿＿＿, they went to the cinema．

 A．doing    B．do      C．to do     D．done

7．With the boy ＿＿＿ the way, the soldiers managed to walk through the forest．

 A．to lead   B．led   C．leading   D．to be leading

8． The captain placed the flag over the boy, only his face uncovered．

 A．left    B．be left   C．to be left   D．leaving

9．______many times, but he still couldn't understand it .

______many times, he still couldn't understand it .

A. Having been told B. Being told

C. He had been told D. Though he was told

10. __ a hot day, we’d better go swimming.

__ _ a hot day. We’d better go swimming.

A、being B. to be C. It was D. It being

二、填空 

1. He told me about the things ＿＿＿（discuss）at the meeting．

2.I found my daughter quite ＿＿＿ （interest）in drawing．

3. （enter）the theatre, I saw him seated  in the first row．

4．I still remember _______ (take) to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.

5．_________ (bring) up by his grandparents, Jimmy wasn't used to living with his parents.

6．He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ________ (feel) easy in his classes.

7．I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good ___________ (breathe)．

8．He was busy writing a story, only ___________ (stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette.

9．Every evening after dinner, if not __________ (tire) from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.

10．We all look forward to _________ (hear) from you soon.Don't keep us __________ (wait) for long.

三、同义句转换

1．(1)________________ (turn) to the left, and you'll see the bus stop.

(2)________________ (turn) to the left, you'll see the bus stop.

2．(1)As he ________________ (be) an engineer, he knew how to run the machine.

(2)________________ (be) an engineer, he knew how to run the machine.

3．(1)Weather ________________ (permit), we'll go and pay a visit to your school.

(2)If weather ________________ (permit), we'll go and pay a visit to your school.

4．(1)We don't allow ________________ (smoke) in the office because of the public health.

(2)We don't allow anyone ________________ (smoke) in the office because of the public health.

5．(1)The ________________ (frown) girl was deeply puzzled by the question.

(2)The girl who ________________ (frown) was deeply puzzled by the question.

6．(1)________________ (succeed) in the tournament, he still feels unsatisfied.

(2)Though he ________________ (succeed) in the tournament, he still feels unsatisfied.

四、语法填空

Once upon a time, there was a boy who used to explore jungle for fun. It was his daily routine ____1__(walk) around the jungle.

One day, when walking through the jungle, he saw a thirsty old man who asked for some water. The boy wanted to help him, but he had no water, so he moved on. While leaving, he imagined ___2__ (get) some water for the old man.

Moving further, he saw a hungry old woman __3__ (beg) for food. She was so weak that she couldn’t even stand on her feet. The boy looked everywhere nearby, but couldn’t find any food ___4__ (give) to her, so he moved on again.

___5___ (feel) very guilty, the boy went deep inside the jungle where he saw a family who need some matches to light a fire. The boy happened to have ___6__ (collect) some matches that morning. ___7__ (offer) his matches, he helped the family prepare food for their family members. In return, the family offered him some food and water __8__ (take) back with him. The boy happily accepted the food and water, and hurried back to the old man and woman.

Both the old man and woman were surprised to see the boy __9___ (carry) some food and water for them and both of them eventually survived with the boy’s kind support.

One day, the boy was again walking through the jungle when he suddenly fell down from a hill and got __10__ (hurt). The family, the old man and the old woman, who had been helped by the boy, came together to save his life.

Key:

一、选择：1-5 BCDBB   6-8 DCD  9. C,A 10. D,C

二、填空 

1. discussed  2. interested 3. entering 4. being taken　5. Brought

6. feel 7. to breathe 8. stopping 9. tired 10. hearing; waiting

三、1.(1)Turn　(2)Turning 2．(1)was　(2)Being

3．(1)permitting　(2)permits 4．(1)smoking　(2)to smoke

5．(1)frowning　(2)frowned 6．(1)Succeeding　(2)has succeeded

四、1.walking 2.getting 3.begging 4.gave 5. Feeling 6.collected 7.offering 8.to take 9.carrying 10.hurt.

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