简析中国工商银行发展历史

发布时间:2012-05-10 23:56:58   来源:文档文库   
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中国工商银行发展史分析

姓名:杨萍 学号:201001040123

(成都理工大学 旅游与城乡规划学院城乡规划系 四川 成都 610059

摘要:中国工商银行,全称:中国工商银行股份有限公司(Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited, ICBC),成立于1984年,是中国最大的商业银行,是中国五大银行之首,世界五百强企业之一,上市公司,拥有中国最大的客户群。上证A股:工商银行(601398)。工商银行和中国银行2010827日发布的财报显示,2010年上半年业绩继续保持较高的增长速度。工行继续蝉联中国最赚钱公司

1.工商银行标志

整体标志是以一个隐性的方孔圆币,体现金融业的行业特征,标志的中心是经过变形的“工”字,中间断开,使工字更加突出,表达了深层含义。两边对称,体现出银行与客户之间平等互信的依存关系。以“断”强化“续”,以“分”形成“合”,是银行与客户的共存基础的。设计手法的巧应用,强化了标志的语言表达力,中国汉字与古钱币形的运用充分体现了现代气息。

2.工商银行成立

中国工商银行成立于198411日,由于政府决定中国人民银行不再开展商业银行业务,而将8411日前中国人民银行手中的个人及工商企业存款划拨出来单独成立中国工商银行。

全国工行总部分布图

中国工商银行分支机构地域分布表

分支机构

数量

分行

37

北京,安徽,青海,天津,湖南,宁夏,河北,广东,宁波,山西,江西,青岛,吉林,山东,大连,内蒙古,贵州,深圳,辽宁,重庆,厦门,上海,广西,三峡,江苏,海南,甘肃,黑龙江,四川,苏州,河南,云南,福建,湖北,陕西,浙江,新疆

营业部

9

辽宁(原沈阳市分行),江苏(原南京市分行),吉林(原长春市分行),浙江(原杭州市分行),四川(原成都市分行),黑龙江(原哈尔滨市分行),湖北(原武汉市分行),广东(原广州市分行),陕西(原西安市分行)

海外分支机构

10

新加坡分行,香港分行,东京分行,汉城分行,法兰克福分行,卢森堡分行,阿拉木图子银行;悉尼代表处,伦敦代表处,纽约代表处

合资银行

1

工商国际金融有限公司

控股银行

2

香港友联银行、工商东亚金融控股有限公司

三.工商银行的发展简史

(一)国家专业银行阶段 1984---1993

企业化经营的国家融资渠道和金融调控工具

1、主要任务:筹集资金(存款),供应资金(贷款),支持经济增长, 保持社会稳定

2、经营范围

4个领域:、工业生产、商品流通、企业技术改造、居民储蓄

4种对象:国营企业、集体企业、非公有制企业、居民个人

3、经营特点:初创期,快速成长与大幅扩张

机构:19199个(1984---34002个(1993),增长77.1%(仅乡镇2853个)

人员:366248---554931人,增长51.5%

存款:671亿--5214亿元,增长6.77

各项贷款7950亿--11139亿元,增长3.5

(二)国有商业银行阶段

19942005.10

背景:由计划经济向市场经济的转变

1、机构布局走向合理。 4200021200

2、人员结构趋于稳定。从5738

3、业务全面发展。

特点:中间业务异军突起;信用卡业务、国际业务大发展 ;电子银行建设同业领先 ;风险控制能力明显增强;经营效益大幅度提高.

(三)股份制大型银行阶段 2005.10----

2005年的421日,国务院正式批准工商银行股份制改革方案,决定动用150亿美元外汇储备向工商银行注资,补充资本金。

20051028日,中国工商银行股份有限公司正式挂牌成立。

20061027日,工商银行正式分别在香港、上海两地同时上市交易。

(4)发展突出阶段outstanding development stage

2005年是中国工商银行股份制改革取得丰硕成果的一年。421日,国家正式批准中国工商银行实施股份制改革,注资150亿美元,随后中国工商银行顺利完成了财务重组和国际审计。20051028日,中国工商银行由国有独资商业银行整体改制为股份有限公司,正式更名为中国工商银行股份有限公司,注册资本人民币2,480亿元,全部资本划为等额股份,股份总数为2,480亿股,每股面值为人民币1元,财政部和汇金公司各持1,240亿股。 2005 is a joint-stock reform of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China fruitful year . April 21 , formally approved the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China to the implementation of the joint-stock reform and inject $ 15 billion , followed by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China successfully completed the financial restructuring and international auditing . The overall restructuring of state-owned commercial banks October 28, 2005 , the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co., Ltd. officially changed its name to Commercial Bank of China Co., Ltd. registered capital of RMB 24.8 billion , all the capital program for equal shares , the total number of shares 2,480 million shares , par value of one yuan , the Ministry of Finance and Huijin each holding 124 billion shares .

经过财务重组、发行长期次级债券、资产组合优化等工作,中国工商银行资本实力显著增强,资本充足水平大幅提升。2005年末资本净额3,118.44亿元,加权风险资产净额31,522.06亿元,核心资本充足率8.11%,资本充足率9.89%。资产质量显著提高。After financial restructuring, issuance of long - term subordinated bonds , portfolio optimization , capital strength of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China has significantly enhanced capital adequacy level has increased significantly . The end of 2005, net capital of $ 3,118.44 million , $ 31,522.06 billion in the net risk-weighted assets , core capital adequacy ratio of 8.11% , 9.89% capital adequacy ratio . The asset quality improved significantly.

2006127日,中国工商银行与高盛集团、安联集团、美国运通公司3家境外战略投资者签署战略投资与合作协议,获得投资37.82亿美元; 2006619日,工商银行与全国社会保障基金理事会签署战略投资与合作协议,社保基金会将以购买工行新发行股份方式投资180.28亿元人民币。工商银行多元化的股权结构业已形成。January 27, 2006 , the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and Goldman Sachs, Allianz Group , the three foreign strategic investors of the American Express Company signed a strategic investment and cooperation agreement on investment of $ 3,782,000,000 ; June 19, 2006 , ICBC strategic investment and cooperation agreement signed with the National social Security Fund Council , the social Security Fund will purchase newly issued shares of ICBC investment of 18.028 billion yuan . ICBC diversified ownership structure has been formed .

四.中国工商银行组织机构图The industrial and commercial bank of China organization chart

.工行战略管理模型图Icbc strategic management model figure

高效的经营体制是工商银行发展的保障。中国工商银行实行统一法人授权经营的商业 银行经营管理体制,总行是全行的经营管理中心、资金调度中心和领导中心,拥有全行的法人财产权,对全行经营的效益性、安全性和流动性负责。全行实行"下管一级、监控两级"的管理模式,在授权和授信管理的基础上,建立了现代商业银行的风险、资金、信贷、内控和人力资源等管理体制。Efficient management system is the protection of the ICBC . Industrial and Commercial Bank of China to implement the unified legal entity authorized to operate a commercial bank management system , the head office is a full - line management center , funds the dispatch center and a leading center , has a full line of legal property rights , the effectiveness of the whole line management , security, and mobility is responsible for . The full - line implementation of the management model, " a down tube , monitor two " established on the basis of the authorization and credit management , risk capital , credit, internal control and human resources management system for modern commercial banks .

6.驱动工行发展因素Drive ICBC development factors

中国工商银行,经过27年发展,总资产、总资本、核心资本、营业利润等多项指标都居国内业界第一位,在中国金融市场上有着无可比拟的优势:

· 全面的电子银行服务comprehensive e-banking services

中国工商银行由自助银行、电话银行、手机银行和网上银行构成的电子银行立体服务体系日益成熟,电子银行业务交易额迅速增长,由2000年的1.93万亿元发展到2004年的38.4万亿元,增长了20倍。2004年电子银行业务收入2.35亿元,在线支付交易额57亿元,是中国国内最大的电子商务在线支付服务提供商。Become more sophisticated three - dimensional service system of China Industrial and Commercial Bank of self-service banking , telephone banking , mobile banking and online banking electronic banking , electronic banking transaction volume is growing rapidly, and by 1.93 trillion yuan in 2000 to 38.4 trillion yuan in 2004 , an increase of 20 times . Electronic banking income 235 million yuan in 2004 , online payment transaction volume of 5.7 billion yuan , China's largest e-commerce online payment service providers .

· 布局合理的营销网络,广泛而优质的客户基础• rational layout of the marketing network, extensive and high quality customer base

中国工商银行通过21000多家境内机构100家境外分支机构和遍布全球的上千家代理行,以领先的信息科技和电子网络,向八百多万法人客户和1亿多个人客户提供包括批发、零售、电子银行和国际业务在内的本外币全方位金融服务。截至2004年末,现金管理签约客户3700多家,为这些客户的1.96万个上下游或附属单位提供了现金管理服务;个人消费信贷客户数397万户,贷款余额4,839亿元;个人金融业务高端产品--理财金账户客户总规模超过124万户。Industrial and Commercial Bank of China a number of domestic institutions through 21000 , and 100 overseas branches and on one thousand correspondent banks around the world , a leading information technology and electronic networks , to more than eight million corporate customers and more than 100 million individual customers , including wholesale , the full range of financial services including retail , e-banking and international operations and foreign currency . The end of 2004 , cash management , signing more than 3,700 customers , provides cash management services for these customers on the 19600 downstream or subsidiary units ; personal consumer credit customer number 3.97 million , $ 4,839 billion in the loan balance ; the high end of the personal financial services product - Elite Club Account customer the total size of over 1.24 million .

· 多元化的业务结构,产品优势明显,创新能力强Diversified business structure , superior product and innovation

通过信贷行业、客户和地区结构调整,中国工商银行巩固了优质的公司和机构业务市场,成功争取了多项全国重点建设项目,新开发一批跨国公司、大型优质企业和机构客户,拓展了优质中小企业市场。

Credit industry , customers and regions, structural adjustment , the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China to consolidate the quality of corporate and institutional business market, successfully fought a number of national key construction projects , new development of a number of multinational companies , large-scale high-quality corporate and institutional clients , expanding high-quality the SME market .

.全球化发展战略Global development strategy

.全面的电子银行服务Comprehensive electronic banking services

.先进的科学应用水平Advanced level of scientific applications

七.工行负面效应The negative effects of the ICBC

1.工商银行在不断做大做强的同时也存在着内部控制问题ICBC also bigger and stronger , while the existence of internal control issues

.监督制约机制形同虚设ICBC also bigger and stronger , while the existence of internal control issues

.违法违规操作汇票业务,形成操作风险Illegal operating money order business , the formation of operational risk

.违反银行结算制度规定Violation of the banking settlement system provides for

.信息渠道不畅sluggish Information channels are

2.工商银行在体制和机制上存在很多问题Industrial and Commercial Bank of China there are many problems in the system and mechanism

.健全的产权法和法人治理结构尚未建立

国有商业银行产权制度存在缺陷,国有商业银行虽为国家所有,但没有明确的所有者主体,也没有明确的所有者权益要求,导致所有者与经营者之间道德风险。Property rights system of state-owned commercial banks is flawed, the state-owned commercial banks for the state , but no clear owner of the subject , there is no clear owner's equity requirements , leading to moral hazard between the owners and operators .

.自身发展能力的下降The decline of self-development capacity

①不良资产处置面临着很严重的问题,2009年良贷款余额884.67亿元。

2009年工商银行资本充足率和核心资本充足率分别比上年末下降0.700.85个百分点。 non-performing assets disposal is facing a very serious problem , good loan balance of 88.467 billion yuan in 2009 .

The Industrial and Commercial Bank capital adequacy ratio and core capital adequacy ratio in 2009 decreased by 0.70 and 0.85 percentage points respectively over the previous year .

.运作管理效率的低下The low efficiency of operational management

由于产权不明与资本“人格化”虚置原因,导致工商银行管理中缺乏统一的内部控制制度,管理水平较低。Unknown property rights and capital " personification " virtual set reasons, resulting in a lack of unified management of ICBC 's internal control system , low management level .

附:参考资料

1.http://wenku.baidu.com/view/0460ce0d4a7302768e993992.html

2.http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/15953297.html?an=0&si=8

3.http://baike.baidu.com/view/14038.htm?fromenter=%B9%A4%D0%D0

4.http://wenku.baidu.com/view/5add3c1a6bd97f192279e9d3.html

5.http://wenku.baidu.com/view/9f4eb74ef7ec4afe04a1df89.html

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