北京化工大学2014——2015学年第一学期
2014级《硕士英语一外》考试试卷
I. Choose the best item to complete the sentence (10 minutes, 20 points):
1. Scholarships create an _____ for students to excel in their academic achievements.
A. equipment B. incentive C. exception D. expectation
2. The economic growth rate is _____ with the population increase in this region.
A. inevitable B. inaccurate C. inadequate D. incompatible
3. Future supplies of oil will be costly not simply _____ dollars and cents but also in their effects on the environment.
A. in accordance with B. in comparison with C. in terms of D. with respect of
4. The newly-elected Prime Minister and his Cabinet are faced with a host of _____ socioeconomic problems.
A. competent B. compelling C. competitive D. compiling
5. In the last several years, the scientific evidence that human activities could _____ climate has become particularly robust.
A. abrupt B. disrupt C. corrupt D. interrupt
6. Reasonable housing prices should match residents’ incomes and should be _____ to their investment.
A. proportional B. progressive C. appropriate D. disproportionate
7. In World War Two, he _____ with the Nazis to persecute thousands of Jews.
A. corresponded B. collaborated C. allocated D. concurrent
8. China’s house prices are still far from returning to a reasonable level and the country will not _____ efforts to regulate the sector.
A. widen B. tighten C. slacken D. strengthen
9. So the _____ level of gaming, for most people, is an hour a day playing our favorite games.
A. optional B. instrumental C. optimal D. fundamental
10. The police _____ the attention of the kidnappers from the boy by making some strange noises.
A. distracted B. distributed C. scattered D. disguised
11. The jeweler reported that the diamonds were _____; they were not counterfeits（假货、赝品）.
A. glorious B. marvelous C. generous D. genuine
12. This year, the government’s top _____ should be curbing inflation or creating more job opportunities.
A. liquidity B. priority C. productivity D. visibility
13. It is said that Wall Street employees can make greater fortune because they have a stronger desire to_____ in stock market..
A. prospect B. inspect C. speculate D. spectacular
14. Drivers must be constantly _____ traffic signals.
A. prone to B. with an intent to C. on the alert to D. regardless of
15. As the Net pushes the economy ahead rapidly, the Internet itself is becoming the world’s largest _____ market.
A. emerging B. appearing C. submerging D. ascending
16. In Japan, food safety standards and inspections are unusually more _____ than in the United States.
A. fault-finding B. indispensable C. rigorous D. rational
17. It’s difficult to _____ all his credit card debts, so he had to declare bankruptcy.
A. add to B. pay off C. thirst for D. admit to
18. There are currently 208 men’s national football teams _____ to FIFA（世界足协）, the world’s football governing body, through their national football associations.
A. appreciated B. applied C. approved D. affiliated
19. The science fiction writer has developed several _____ in case of an attack from outside space.
A. occasions B. scenarios C. images D. ruins
20. It was, to a great extent, his music-obsessed parents who _____ their own dreams of greatness onto their young son.
A. ejected B. projected C. objected D. congested
II Reading Comprehension (10 minutes, 10 points)
The catastrophic decline around the world of “apex” predators (高级掠食动物)such as wolves, cougars, lions or sharks has led to a huge increase in smaller “mesopredators（中级掠食动物）” that are causing major economic and ecological disruptions, a new study concludes. The findings, published in the journal Bioscience, found that in North America all of the largest terrestrial predators have been in decline during the past 200 years while the ranges of 60 percent of mesopredators have expanded. The problem is global, growing and severe, scientists say, with few solutions in sight. For example, in Sub-Saharan African, lion and leopard become less while baboons population has surged. In some cases children are now being kept home from school to guard family gardens from brazen packs of crop-raiding baboons. There’s evidence that the explosion of mesopredator populations is very severe and has both ecological and economic repercussions. In case after case around the world, the researchers said, primary predators such as wolves , lions or sharks have been dramatically reduced if not eliminated, usually on purpose and sometimes by forces such as habitat disruption, hunting or fishing. Many times this has been viewed positively by humans, fearful of personal attack, loss of livestock or other concerns. But the new picture that’s emerging is a range of problems, including ecosystem and economic disruption that may dwarf any problems presented by the original primary predators. The elimination of wolves is often favored by ranchers, for instance, who fear attacks on their livestock. However, that has led to a huge surge in the number of coyotes, a “mesopredator” once kept in check by the wolves. The coyotes attack pronghorn antelope and domestic sheep, and attempts to control them have been hugely expensive, costing hundreds of millions of dollars. “The economic impacts of mesopredators should be expected to exceed those of apex predators in any scenario in which mesopredators contribute to the same or to new conflict with humans,” the researchers wrote in their report. “Mesopredators occur at higher densities than apex predators and exhibit greater resiliency to control efforts.”
1. Which of the following animals belong to “mesopredators” based on this passage?
A. Lions and wolves.
B. Wolves and sharks.
C. Baboons and coyotes.
D. Cougars and leopards.
2. According to the passage children do not go to school in order to _____.
A. stay home to drive off baboons destroying crops in their family gardens
B. protect themselves from being attacked by baboons on the way to school
C. keep themselves safe from the aggressive baboons and other predators
D. help prevent the explosion of mesopredator populations near their homes.
3. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to this passage?
A. Primary predators have often attacked human beings and livestock.
B. The subsequences of reducing primary predators are beneficial to man.
C. It was costly to keep pronghorn antelope and domestic sheep under control.
D. Things get even worsened when we reduce the number of primary predators.
4. The following are reasons for primary predator population declining dramatically EXCEPT _____.
A. habitat degradation
B. hunting or fishing
C. human killing them on purpose
D. mesopredators becoming dominant
5. One word that can best replace “resiliency” in the last paragraph is _____.
A. flexibility B. hatred C. inclination D. tendency
III．Translate the following paragraph from English to Chinese (20 minutes, 20 points)
Recent US graduates, burdened with an average of $26,000 in loans, are watching closely the debate between Washington’s Republicans and Democrats over how to finance higher education, including details like the interest rates that students pay for loans. But some economists say the real issue is controlling the soaring cost of college at a time when post-secondary schooling is crucial to getting a good job and a middle class salary. Universities say they’re caught between record-high enrollments, a workforce of professors who have the skills to find work elsewhere if they are not well paid, and falling financial support from state governments. While most students made it to graduation, experts worry the high cost of college makes it less likely that bright students from poor families will attend college, depriving the economy of some of the scientists, engineers and others who could help boost growth.
IV. Translate the following paragraph from Chinese to English (20 minutes, 20 points)
给孩子布置作业的目的，是巩固孩子对课堂所学知识的理解、提高孩子相关学科的技巧。更重要的是做作业能拓宽孩子的视野，培养自我探索的能力。而家长辅导过的作业，老师根本看不出学生的真实水平，这就失去了布置作业的本来意义。长此以往，孩子的思路便被禁锢了，就失去了独立和创造性思维的能力，这样的教育培养出来的只会是一代又一代的机器人。如果真有需要辅导，那也应该是有职业训练的教师的工作，而不应该由好心肠的父母来承担。
V Composition (40 minutes, 30 points)
Write a composition of no less than 250 words based on the following topic: Working and Living in First-Tier Cities or Otherwise? You should compare and contrast different places and give your choice when you graduate with a Master Degree.
北京化工大学2014——2015学年第一学期
《硕士英语一外》考试试卷答案
I. Voc
1-5 BDCBB
6-10 ABCCA
11-15 DBCCA
16-20 CBCBB
II. Reading Comprehension
21-25 CADDA
III. 英译汉：
美国共和、民主两党正在华盛顿就如何资助高等教育，包括学生贷款利率等细节进行辩论，最近毕业的美国大学生正在密切关注着这场争论，因为他们平均背负着2.6万美元贷款。但一些经济学家认为真正的问题是控制不断上涨的学费。今天，要得到一份好的工作和中产阶级的收入，接受高等教育是关键。大专院校表示，他们左右为难，一方面入学率创了新高，教授们如果嫌薪水不够高，就会另谋高就，但另一方面州政府的资助却在不断减少。虽然大多数学生最终还是读到毕业，可是专家担心，昂贵的学费可能会把那些穷困家庭的优秀学生挡在校门外，让国家失去一批能够帮助经济发展的未来科学家和工程师等人才。
IV. 汉译英
The purpose of assigning homework to the children is to strengthen their understanding of what they have learned inside the class and improve their skills in the relevant subjects. More importantly, by doing homework children can open up their horizon, and thus enhance their ability to do exploration by themselves. However, if parents tutor their children with their homework, the teachers will not be able to see the students’ real strength, which makes it meaningless for the teachers to assign homework in the first place. Overtime, children’s own thinking will be stifled/ killed, and they will lose their ability to think independently and creatively. Educated like this they will be turned into robots from one generation to the next. If there is a need to offer help, it should be the responsibility of professionally-trained teachers, rather than the kind-hearted parents’.
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