上海版牛津英语 8A 第三章 学习辅导材料(11.10)
学习新词语
1. ever adv. 在任何时候；从来 例如：
Have you ever been to Africa? 你到过非洲吗？
Have you ever seen Peter? 你见过彼得吗？
ever 作为副词，意为“曾经；以前”，用于疑问句时，肯定回答中不用ever,如果是否定回答，则用never。例如：
— Have you ever seen this film? 你看过这部电影吗？
—Yes, I have. / No, I never. 看过。 / 从来没有。
“Did you ever…?” 有时单独使用或用于反问句，表示惊讶、愤怒、怀疑等。例如：
Did you ever hear such nonsense? 你听过这样的胡言乱语吗？
Did you ever see the UFO? 你真见过飞碟？
2. argue v. 争吵；争论；争辩 例如：
He argued with Mary about the best place for their holiday.
他和玛丽就度假的最好去处发生了争执。
近义词：quarrel v. 争吵
近义词辨析：argue 和quarrel
这两个动词都有“争”的意思，但不完全同义。
argue 着重指就自己的看法或观点提出论证，同他人进行争论或争辩。例如：
We heard them arguing in the other room. 我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论。
qurrel 指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生争吵或吵架。例如：
He often quarrels about their housework with his wife. 他常为家务事同妻子吵架。
同根词：argument n. 争论；争吵；争辩 例如：
They often have arguments over money. 他们经常为钱的事发生争执。
The argument turned into a fight. 争论变成了一场武斗。
3. deal with 本词组有许多含义：
(1). 处理（事情、问题、紧急情况等）。例如：
We need a person who can deal properly with all stituations.
我们需要一个能恰当处理各种局面的人。
How would you deal with this case? 你将如何处理这个案件？
(2). 是…的买主；与…有生意往来；做生意。例如;
The Greens deal with the butcher at the corner of the block.
格林家通常在街角处的肉铺子里买肉。
All these corporations deal fairly with their customers.
所有这些公司和顾客都买卖公平。
(3). 与…交往；对待；对付
He seemed to be quick-tempered, but was actually not difficult to deal with.
他似乎性子急燥，但实际上并不难相处。
Deal with a man as he deals with you. 以其人之道，还治其人之身。
The years have been dealing kindly with you. 这些年来你一点儿也不显老。
He deals severely with his son. 他对他的儿子很严厉。
(4). 关于；论及；讨论；讲述。例如：
This article deals with an important subject. 这篇文章论及一个重要的问题。
You will find that subject dealt with on page 62. 你们会看到第六十二页谈到这个问题。
Now let’s deal with the work of teaching. 现在让我们来谈谈教学工作。
4. through prep. 从一端至另一端；穿过；贯穿 例如：
Tom walked through the school gate. 汤姆穿过了校门。
Our bus just passed through the tunnel. 我们的巴士刚刚穿过了隧道。
through 还有许多含义：
(1) 从开始到结束；自始至终。 例如
We traveled through the night. 我们行进了一整夜。
(2) 接通电话 例如：
Can you put me through to Jill Knight, please? 劳驾，请吉尔·奈特接电话。
(3) 通过某人或某物 例如：
She got the job through her father. 她通过父亲（的帮助）而得到了这份工作。
5. theft n. 偷；偷窃；盗窃罪 [注意：theft 表示“偷窃行为”时，是不可数名词；表示“盗窃案”时是可数名词。] 例如：
Car theft is a big problem in this city. 车辆盗窃是这个城市的一个大问题。(theft不可数)
There were a lot of thefts in this area last month.
上个月这个地区发生多起盗窃案。(theft 是可数名词)
[注意] thief (复数是thieves) n. 小偷
6. detail n. （关于某事物的）资料，信息 例如：
He can probably tell us all the details.
他也许能告诉我们所有细节。（表示“细节、详情”的意思时，常用其复数形式。）
词组：in detail 详细地 例如：
We’ll discuss the problem later in detail. 以后我们再详细讨论这一问题。
7. worried adj. 担心的；发愁的 例如：
The mother is worried about her son’s safety. 这位母亲担心她儿子的安危。
同根词：worry n. 烦恼；忧虑；苦恼 vt. 使烦恼；使担忧 vi. 忧虑；担心(与about, over 连用) 例如：
Mother’s illness was always a great worry to me. 母亲的病一直是我非常担心的事。(n.)
Nothing worries me. 我无忧无虑。(vt.)
She worried over her father’s health. 她为父亲的健康担忧。(vi.)
Don’t worry about that matter. Take it easy. 别担心那件事了，放轻松一点。
常用词组：
happen to 遭到；遇到 hold out 递出东西；伸出手（或胳膊）
stare at 盯着…看 be going on 发生
go after 追赶某人；跟在某人后面 (be) afraid of 害怕；畏惧
put… down 放下 get off 下车；下船
be worried about 担心；担忧 well done 干得好
语法知识 一般过去时
1. 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：
1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：
I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.
2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.
3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。例如：
Lu Xun was a great writer.4）
有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。例如：
What did you say?
另外，如Could you lend me your pen? Could you tell me where you have been?表委婉语气
2. 一般过去时句子结构是"主语+动词的过去式"。
1）be动词的过去式为was, were；
2）行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：
直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. 例如： work-----worked; ask------asked;
以e结尾的动词只加-d.例如：arrive-----arrived; like-----liked.
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. 例如：shop-----shopped; stop----stopped, plan---planned;
以"辅音字母+y"结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed.例如： carry----carried; study------stud
有些动词变过去式是不规则的见表要牢记,例如：fly------flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught. 这些需要象生词一样记住.
3. 一般过去时句式变化分为两种情况
1)含有be动词的依然在be上做文章. 例如：
I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980?
2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didn't.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形.例如：
I bought a gift for my mum yesterday.
I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday.
Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?
4. 一般过去时的时间状语为
yesterday或由其构成的短语。例如：yesterday morning;
由"last+时间"构成的短语, 例如： last year;
由"时间段+ago"构成的短语, 例如：three days ago;
另外,还有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.
【注意】,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去.
5.常见错误如下:
1）把动词变成过去式易出错。例如：
They stoped (stop) talking just now.
They plaied (play) football yesterday.
应改成 1 stopped 2 played
解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:
动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;
y前若是辅音字,y变i加-ed;
y前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed."
2）忘记把动词变成过去式。例如：
I fly kites on the afternoon of Sunday.
应改成： flew
解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记".
3）在句式变换时易出错。例如：
We didn't went (not go) out last Friday.
Did you had (have) a good time yesterday?
应改成：1 didn't go 2 Did have
解析:请记住口诀"见助动, 用原形."
4）易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混
例: He taughts me English last year.
应改成：taught
解析:行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化.即使主语是单三人称,也和其它人称所用动词的形式一样.
5）易与现在完成时弄混。例如：
I saw the film.
应改成： I have seen
解析:"我看过这部电影"说明我了解这部电影的内容,强调现在的情况,应用现在完成时;
一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影,与现在无关..
巩固练习一过去时练习：
一.写出下列动词的过去式。 is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ 二.Be动词的过去时练习。1. I ______ an English teacher now.2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends. 5. The little dog _____ two years old this year. 6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here. 7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited. 三.用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go) 4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______. 8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not) bad. 10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she __________. 11. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 12. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________. 13. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening? He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book. 14. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 15. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning. 16. When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year. 17. My friend, Carol, ________(study) for the math test and ________(practice) English last night. 18. ________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _________. 四.句型转换。 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2. They played football in the playground. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 3、Lucy did her homework at home. （改否定句） Lucy ___________ ___________ her homework at home.4、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）. （变一般疑问句) ___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?5、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问） __________ ___________ __________ she __________ there?6、There was some orange in the cup. （变一般疑问句) _________ there ___________ orange in the cup? 五、中译英
1.我的故事书刚才还在手旁边。
__________________________________________________________
2. 他们的外套三个星期放在卧室里了。
___________________________________________________________ ____________3．一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。
__________________________________________________________4.. 格林先生去年住在中国。
__________________________________________________________ 5. 昨天我们参观了农场。
__________________________________________________________ 6. 他刚才在找他的手机。
__________________________________________________________ 7. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。
I _________ _________ __________ __________ exciting weekend. 8. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。 Jenny likes _________ __________. She _________ an English book last night. 9. Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。Emma __________ TV every day. But he _________ ___________ yesterday. 10. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。 What ________ they _________ _________ Saturday? They _________ __________ homework and _________ __________.
阅读部分中文译文
处 理 麻 烦
以下是保罗的一篇日记。保罗写了某天发生在他身上的一件不寻常的事。
6月28日，星期五
今天，当我和爸爸在等轮渡的时候，突然听到了一阵很大的争执声。两位女游客和一个男青年正在争吵。男青年双手递出一只包， 向周围的人展示它是空的。
周围的人看着这三个人，却都不知道是怎么回事。
我爸爸穿过人群，对其中的一个女游客小声地说道：“发生什么事了？”
“他们偷了我朋友的钱包。”这个女游客说道，“我们之前在书店里买明信片。三个男青年开始和我们聊天。突然，我的朋友注意到她的钱包不见了。其中两个男青年跑了。我们跟着这个人来到了这里。”
这时，大门开了。这个男青年匆匆地上了船，两个女游客也跟上了他。
“等一等。”爸爸说道，“我们坐下一班船。”
这很奇怪。我爸爸害怕那个人吗？我跟着他来到了旁边的一家商店。
他拿起电话，迅速拨打了110。
“我要报告一起盗窃案。这个人现在在3号渡轮上。船几分钟前刚刚开走。请在河对岸截住这班船。”他又描述了一些细节，然后就把电话挂了。
我们上了下一班船。当我们下船的时候，看到两名女游客四个警察为站在这个男青年身边，而他看上去神色慌张。
“干得好！爸爸！”经过他们身边的时候，我这样说道。爸爸只是笑了笑。
综合能力测评
一.选择最恰当的答案：
1. Spaceman Yang Liwei visited Hong Kong and the people there gave ______ a warm welcome.
A. he B. she C. him D. her
2. I don’t like stories ______ have unhappy endings.
A. who B. that C. where D. those
3. I think the car was invented ________ 1885.
A. on B. of C. at D. in
4. I ______ my homework this time yesterday evening.
A. were doing B. did C. am doing D. was doing
5. I ______ my homework yesterday.
A. were doing B. did C. am doing D. was doing
6. I really don’t know _____________.
A. who you are B. who are you C. what’s your name D. where are you from
7. My mother ________ some washing when I ______ home this evening.
A. does, got B. was doing, got C. did, got D. was doing , was getting
8. Mr Smith ________ in this factory ever since he came here twenty years ago.
A. has worked B. worked C. works D. is working
9. Thank you very much for ______ me your dictionary.
A. borrowing B. lending C. borrow D. lend
10.Do you think the picture ______ that one?
A. so beautiful as B. as beautiful as C. much beautiful than D. beautiful than
11. “______do you go to town?” “Twice a week.”
A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How much
12. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where is the nearest hospital B. where the nearest hospital is
C. where was the nearest hospital D. where the nearest hospital was
13. I don’t think Kate saw me. She ________ a sweater for her sister.
A. has just chosen B. had just chosen C. is choosing D. was just choosing
14. ---- Mary won’t go shopping this afternoon. ---- I won’t go ________.
A. either B. yet C. also D. too
15. ---- Are there any fish in the lake now? ---- No. ________ any water in it in winter.
A. There isn’t B. There aren’t C. It isn’t D. They aren’t
16. They ________ for Shanghai on Friday. Shall we go to see them off at the train station?
A. are leaving B. are left C. have left D. left
17. ---- Remember ________ him about it before he goes away. ---- Sure, I will.
A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. to telling
18. He came to China ________ 1998.
A. from B. since C. at D. in
19. ---- ________ did you buy the new bag? ---- Last Monday.
A. Where B. How C. When D. Who
20. Mr. Yang is too ________ to go on walking.
A. strong B. tall C. kind D. tried
21. ________ trees are cut down every year.
A. Thousand B. Thousands of C. Thousands D. Thousand of
22. He’s lived here ________ 1980.
A. after B. in C. from D. since
23. ---- Can you understand me? ---- Sorry, I can ________ understand you.
A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. ever
24. ---- ________ does it take me to go from my school to your school? ---- About five minutes.
A. How many B. How far C. How much D. How long
25. ---- Hello. May I speak to Jim, please? ---- ________, please?
A. Who are you B. How is he C. Who is that D. What are you
26. He asked me if I knew whose pen ________.
A. is it B. it was C. it is D. was it
27. It’s cold outside. You’d better ________ your coat.
A. put on B. put away C. put back D. put up
28. ---- I have finished my homework. ---- When ________ you ________ it?
A. have; finished B. do; finish C. did; finish D. will; finish
29. ---- Can I ________ your bike? ---- With pleasure. But you mustn’t ________ it to others.
A. lend; borrow B. borrow; lend C. carry; lend D. borrow; keep
30. ________ of them has an English dictionary.
A. Every B. Each C. Both D. All
31. It ________ me about ten minutes to go to school by bike everyday.
A. pays B. spends C. costs D. takes
32. Don’t tell anybody about it. Keep it ________ you and me.
A. among B. between C. in D. with
二.选出合适的词填空:
1. Do you keep a __________(diary, dairy)?
2. The police caught the two _______ (robberies, robbers) when they tried to run away from the spot.
3. The thief followed the ________ (woman, women) tourists all the afternoon.
4. The guard _________ (stared , started) at me up and down.
5. The messenger is a young woman with _________ (quiet, quite) long blonde hair, over her ears.
三.选用方框内单词的适当形式填空：
dial assist argue aboarding see steal pupolarity
1. I said no to him, and we go into a bit ____________.
2. The plane crashed, killing 147 passengers_________.
3. The thief _________ some knives from the department store.
4. Jimmy pressed the buttons on the front of the telephone. Are you sure he ___ his home number?
5. Many people go in for swimming .Swimming is ______________ with all ages.
6. Tommy _______ the old woman home with a bag of watermelons. She thanked him over and over.
四.按要求改写下列句子：
1. The old lady teaches very well. (改为感叹句)
_________ _______ good teacher the old lady is!
2. Both of his parents are shop assistants.（改为否定句）
_______ of his parents _____ a shop assistant.
3. As we got off , we saw Mr Li immediately.（对划线部分提问）
________ did you ________Mr Li immediately?
4. My father flew to Shenzhen yesterday. （改为否定句）
My father ________ ________ to Shenzhen yesterday.
5.I speak English to the Canadian visitors. （改为一般疑问句）
________ you ________ English to the Canadian Visitors?
6. They asked me for 100 yuan.（就划线部分提问）
________ ________ _________ they ask you for?
7. He rode to school last week.（保持原句意思不变）
He ________ to school ________ ________ last week.
8. We went lucky Island on Sunday afternoon. （就划线部分提问）
________ ________ you ________ to lucky Island?
9. Mike will come if you invite him. （保持原句意思不变）
Mike ________ come ________ you invite him.
10. Peter often has bread for his breakfast. （改为否定句）
Peter ________ ________ bread for his breakfast.
11. I have already received some Christmas cards from my friends. （改为一般疑问句）
________ you received ________ Christmas cards from your friends yet?
12. The small boy stopped crying after he saw his mother. （保持原句意思不变）
The small boy ________ stop crying ________ he saw his mother.
13. It took me half an hour to go to the People’s Square by underground. （就划线部分提问）
________ ________ did it take you to go to the People’s Square by underground?
14. The boy was born in 1982. （就划线部分提问）
________ ________ the boy born?
15. An accident happened near that restaurant last Monday. （就划线部分提问）
________ ________ an accident happen near that restaurant ?
16. He lost the key to his bike on his way to the lecture. （就划线部分提问）
________ did he ________ on his way to he lecture？
17. Alice saw an exciting film with her parents yesterday afternoon. （改为一般疑问句）
________ Alice ________ an exciting film with her parents yesterday afternoon?
18. Peter did a lot of good deeds last year. （改为一般疑问句）
________ Peter ________ many good deeds last year?
五.阅读理解：
（A）
As an English child, I started school when I was five. I started this school when I was eleven and I will leave next year when I am sixteen . So I will spend five years at this school.
The school year starts in September and end in July. I have two weeks’ holiday in December, two weeks’ in April and six weeks’ in July and August. I also have one week’s holiday in February, June and October.
In June next year, before I leave this school, I will take exams in 10 subjects. The exams are called GCSE. And all children in England have to study English, mathematics, science and a foreign language. They can also choose some other subjects.
My uniform is a black blazer, white shirt, a red and yellow tie and grey trousers. The girls wear grey skirts. There are 1,600 pupils in my school. Here is my timetable for this year. School ends at 3:15.
Here is my diary for last week:
Monday In English, we started reading the play called “Macbeth” by William Shakespeare（《麦克白》，莎士比亚写的四大悲剧之一）—it is about a king in Scotland.
Tuesday In geography, we are still learning about pollution. It is important but I am bored with it! I played in a football match in the evening— we won!
Wednesday In history, my favorite subject, we are learning about the medicine inn the past. Next week we are going to a museum in London to see some old medical things. We will go by train and it will take one hour.
Thursday I went to the cinema with Tom after school.
Friday I walked to school with Matthew and I gave him a football for his birthday. Sam came to my house after school.
根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案：
1. In a school year in England, there are ________ weeks holiday in all.
A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D. 13
2. What foreign language does Mike choose this year？
A. English. B. French. C. German. D. Italian.
3. According to the passage, the writer thinks that ________________.
A. Matthew will like the basket ball as a birthday present
B. the geography lesson about the pollution was important, but boring
C. the students in England will leave school without taking exams
D. he will spend 10 years at school before he goes to college or university
4. which of the following is true?
A. Usually Mike wears a black blazer, white shirt, a red and yellow tie and a grey skirt.
B. Mike chooses five other subjects except compulsory ones this year.
C. Mike played a football match on Tuesday evening and they were the winners.
D. The clock is striking twelve. It is 12 noon. It’s lunch time.
5. Which of the following is not true?
A. it is twenty-five to nine on Friday. Mike is having a Maths lesson.
B. “Macbeth” was written by William Shakespeare.
C. Mike like history better than any other subject.
D. Next week, Mike will take a train to London to see some old medical things in the museum.
（B）
An expensive car speeding down the highway was soon overtaken by a young motorcycle policeman. As he started to make out the ticket, the woman behind the wheel said, “Before you go on any future, young man, I think you should know that the mayor of this city is a good friend of mine.” The officer did not say a word, he kept writing. “I am also a friend of chief of police Willman,” continued the woman, getting more and more angrier each moment. Still he kept on writing. “Young man,” she said loudly, “I know Judge Lawson and…” Handing the ticket to the woman, the officer asked pleasantly, “Tell me do you know Leon Ford?”
“Why, no,” she admitted.
“Well, that is the man you should have known,” he said, heading backing to his motorcycle, “I am Leon Ford.”
根据短文内容，回答下列问题：
六.完形填空：
（A）
选择最恰当的单词完成短文：
It’s never easy to admit you are in the wrong. We all need to know the art of apology. Think how often you’ve done wrong. Then count how many __1__ you’ve expressed clearly you were sorry. You can’t go to bed with an easy mind if you do ___2___ about it.
A doctor friend, Mr. Lieb, told me about a man who came to him within different kinds of signs: headaches, heart trouble and insomnia （失眠）.____3_____ some careful exams, Mr Lieb
.3.
found nothing wrong with him and said. “If you don’t tell me what’s worrying you, I can’t help you.”
The man admitted he was cheating his brother of his inheritance (遗产). Then the clever doctor ___4__ the man write to his brother and ___5____ his money. As soon as the letter was put into the post box, the man suddenly cried. “Thank you ,” he said to the doctor , “I think I’ve got well.” An apology can not only save a broken relationship, but also make it ___6____. If you can think of someone who should be given an apology from you, do something about it right now.
1. A. mistakes B. people C. ways D. times
2. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. wrong
3. A. Before B. After C. Till D. Since
4. A. made B. helped C. let D. saw
5. A. gave B. kept C. returned D. paid
6. A. newer B. worse C. harder D. stronger
（B）
在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给：
A different times in a man’s life his food has different effect on his body. Among children food is quickly changed to the power to run and play games. Most of a young man’s food is spent on growing t_____; we grow upwards only d_______ the first twenty years of our lives, not later.
Working man get their strong bodies from their food; and if they work h_____, they do not get fat. Office workers eat well and s______ down a lot , and may begin to grow fat when still quite young . Many older p______ try to work much and walk often. Perhaps the most difficult time is when a man r_______ sixty years of age. His body and mind become restful, without much work or interest.
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