英文写作技巧

发布时间:2011-10-20 11:12:41   来源:文档文库   
字号:

英文写作技巧

原文地址:英文写作技巧 作者:把英语当成爱好

(一)掌握技巧:

1)注意篇章结构,合理布局

  开始部分(opening paragraph——说出文中的要点、核心问题。

  正文部分(Body paragraphs——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。

  结尾部分(concluding paragraphs——对全文的总结和概括。

  要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系,内容完整、连贯。前后呼应,祛除与主题无关的内容。

  (2)确定主题句

  主题句是对全文的概括,是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头,而后,全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释,扩展。

  写主题句应注意以下几点:

  ①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点

  ②提炼出一句具有概括性的话

  ③主题句应具有可读性,抓住、吸引读者。

   

  

  (二)巧用连接词

  要想使文章有整体性、连贯性,就要学会正确使用连接词

  表示罗列增加

  First, second, third,

  First, then / next, after that / next, finally

  For one thing for another,

  On (the) one handon the other hand,

  Besides / whats more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,

  Especially / In particular,

  表示时间顺序

  now, at present, recently,

  after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,

  at first, in the beginning, to begin with,

  later, next, finally,

  immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment

  form now on, from then on,

  at the same time, meanwhile,

  till, notuntil, before, after, when, while, as during,

  表示解释说明

  now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover

  furthermore, in fact, actually

  表示转折关系

  but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other

  hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,

  表示并列关系

  or, and, also, too, not only but also, as well as, both and, either or, neither nor

  表示因果关系

  because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to, due to, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, sothat, suchthat

  表示条件关系

  as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless

  表示让步关系

  though, although, as, even if, even though, whether or, however, whoever,

  whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)

  表示举例

  for example, for instance, such as, take for example

  表示比较

  be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)just like, just as,

  表示目的

  for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,

  表示强调

  in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,

  obviously, above all,

  表示概括归纳

  in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion,

  (三)掌握常用句型:

台湾英语资源网 http://www.esl.tw 里面有很多,下面只列举比较常用的。

  1. in order to

  为了实现他的梦想,他学习非常努力。

  He worked very hard in order to realize his dream.

  

  2. in order that

  她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备就绪。

  She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 oclock..

  

  3. sothat

  他们太累了,除了伸懒腰什么都做不了了。

  They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.

  4. suchthat

  天气非常冷,以致于街上一个人都没有。

  It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.

  5. would rather dothan do

  他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。

  He would rather listen to others than talk himself.

  6. prefer doing to doing

  他宁愿在精心准备后去做报告。

  He prefers making speeches after careful preparation.

  7. prefer to dorather than do

  比起女人,男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿花那么多时间来购物。

  Compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping.

  8. not onlybut also

  在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程,而且还获得了博士学位。

  In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received her doctors degree.

  9. eitheror

  如果考试过关,你可以买一个MP3或去云南玩一趟。

  You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.

  10. Neithernor

  他是一个无聊的人,既不爱娱乐,也不爱读书。

  He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading.

  11. as well as

  他善良又乐于助人。

  He was kind as well as helpful.

  12. as well

  这个小孩活泼又可爱。

  The child is active and funny as well.

  13. Onethe other

  你看见桌子上有两只笔吗?一支是红色的,另一支是黑色的。

  Have you seen two pens on the desk? One is red, the other is black.

  14. Someothers

  每个人都很忙,有些在读书,有些在写作。

  Everyone is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing.

  15. make+adj /n

  我们所做的可以让世界更美丽。

  What we do will make the world more beautiful.

  16. notuntil

  直到他告诉我发生的事,我才了解真相。

  I didnt know the truth until she told me what happened.

  17. as if

  他夸夸其谈好像什么事都知道。

  He talks a lot as if he knows everything.

  18. It is no use (good) doing

  假装不懂规则是行不通的。

  Its no use pretending that you didnt know the rules.

  19. find it + adj to do

  我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。

  I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.

  20. It is + time since

  我已经有两年没见他了。

  It is two years since I last met him.

  21. It is + time when

  我到电影院时已经八点钟了。

  It was 8 oclock when I got to the cinema.

  22. It is + time before

  不久我们就会再见面的。

  I wont be long before we can meet again.

  23. It isthat

  我最珍视的是友谊。

  It is friendship that I value most.

  24. It is + n / adj + that / to do

  每个人都必须懂得如何使用计算机

  It is a must that everybody should know how to use computers.

(1)写记叙文时要有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果六要素,写作的时候要明白清楚地写出来。写人物时,要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。叙事时要描写事情发生的经过与发展的结果,写清楚事情发生的前因后果等。

  (2)写议论文时要求考生就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来阐述自己的看法。议论文应由论点、论据、论证三部分构成。

  (3)高考英语应用文主要以写信为主。写英文书信要注意它们的书写格式,格式一定要正确。英文书信主要由6个部分组成,即:信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签字。信的正文和写文章一样,要分段落写,每一段要有一个中心思想。在写作中,首先,要根据试题里的“提示”确定一个写作中心,再根据这个中心,列出写作提纲,提纲一定要包含所提供的情景要点,同时要尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇与句型。然后,用自己熟悉的词汇与句型扩展成篇。自己不熟悉的词汇与句型能换则换,一定不要用,以免用错扣分。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题。千万不要写那些与主题无关的内容。扩展时要注意短文的字数,要写够100个词语,以避免由于字数不够引起的扣分。也不要扩展得太多,字数达到要求既可,以免浪费时间或出现更多的错误而扣分。

  那么,在最后的冲刺时间里,不管是什么类型的文章,在具体的写作过程中,我们均可以按如下四大步骤进行强化训练,从而提高写作技巧,解决问题:

  步骤一:认真审题立意,确定写作中心。找出根据这个中心能够扩展的材料有哪些,要避免那些与中心内容无关的细节。

  以命题作文“The Classmate I Admire Most”为例,文章的主题是关于记叙我最欣赏的一位同学,因而就不能泛泛谈论这位同学的家庭关系、社会背景等,而要紧紧抓住这位同学身上能够吸引你的地方展开去。

  步骤二:围绕中心,列出写作提纲。提纲一定要包含所提供的情景、要点,同时尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇与句型。仍以“The Classmate I Admire Most”为例,提纲可以这样写:

  ① Who is the Classmate I admire most?

  ② My reasons. (Some Examples)

  ③ What can I learn from the classmate

  步骤三,根据字数要求,扩展成篇。有几个可以遵循的规律,供大家参考:

  1、在整篇文章中,努力避免只是用一、两个句式。要灵活运用各种句式。如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等。

  2、使用不同长度的句子,通过分句和合句,增强句子地连贯性和表现力。

  3、改变句子的开头方式,不要一味以主、谓、宾、状的次序,可以把状语置于句首,或用分词等。

  4、学会使用关联词。如:

  ① 递进关系: furthermoremoreoverfurtherIn this way still not only...but also... not...but... in addition (to)etc

  ② 转折关系:buteven sohoweverthougheven thoughetc

  ③ 归纳总结类:in other wordson the whole; in sum; thereforehencein short to sum upin conclusion; in summaryetc

  ④ 强调关系:in fact; especiallyparticularlymoreovernaturally; what is more important in reality indeed; in particularetc

  ⑤ 对照(不同点)yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; etc

  ⑥ 并列关系: and; also; as well aseither...or...both...and... etc

  ⑦ 先后次序关系:at this time; first; second; at last; previously; simultaneously; last but not leastto begin withetc

  ⑧ 结果关系:accordingly; thus; consequently; thereupon; etc

  ⑨ 顺序关系: at the outsetfollowing this; at this time; etc

  ⑩ 重申关系:in other words; that is to say; as I have said; etc

  5、尽量避免重复使用同一单词或词组。

  步骤四、利用最后的时间做“机械性”写作练习,强化记忆。例如:常用的应用文如通知、书信等都有其固定的格式及写作技巧,读懂具体内容,然后把内容套进特定的格式中去,就是一篇条理清楚的书面表达了。比方说:通知要掌握:

  ①通知的对象、地点、时间及要做的事情;

  ②要注意的事项;

  ③写上“Dont be late”或“Be on time(口头通知前还要写上Boys and girlsLadies and gentlemenmay I have your attention please?等一类句子)

  例如:

  Class 1 and Class 2 are going to plant trees on Western Hills. Well take a bus to go there. Please bring lunch and water with you. Remember to wear old clothes as well do a lot of hard work. Well meet in front of the school gate at nine oclock. Dont be late

本文来源:https://www.2haoxitong.net/k/doc/739332600b1c59eef8c7b4c7.html

《英文写作技巧.doc》
将本文的Word文档下载到电脑,方便收藏和打印
推荐度:
点击下载文档

文档为doc格式