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发布时间：2012-04-15   来源：文档文库   
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20大必背范文之一：(2000
As is vividly shown in the cartoons, with the rapid social and economic development, thenumber of fishes has sharply decreased. In one picture, there were various kinds of fish and onlyone fishing-boat in 1900. On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, but many fishing-boats.
The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decline of ocean resources. Owing to over-fishing, the number of fishes has obviously shrunk. If we let thissituation go as it is, we do not know where fish will be in the near future. By that time, ourenvironment will suffer a great destruction.
Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures. For one thing, we should appeal toour authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing. For another, we should enhancethe awareness of people that the ocean resources are vital to us. Only in this way can we protect ourocean resources. Also I assume that we humans can overcome this difficulty, and we will have abrighter future.
如图所示，我们可以清楚看出随着商业捕鱼的发展，鱼的数量明显下降。在一幅图中，1900年有很多种鱼，只有一艘捕鱼船。相反，在1995年，只有一条鱼，但是渔船很多。

这些图画的目的是告诉我们应该充分重视海洋资源的减少。由于过渡捕捞，鱼的数量明显下降。如果我们让这种情况听之任之，我们不知道鱼的未来在哪。到那个时候，我们的环境将遭受巨大的破坏。

因此，我们很有必要采取严厉措施。一方面，我们应该呼吁政府制定严格的法律控制商业捕鱼。另一方面，我们应该提高人们的意识：海洋资源对我们非常重要。只有这样才能保护我们的海洋资源。同时，我认为我们人类能够克服这个困难，并将拥有美好的未来。2001:
20大必背范文之二：(2005
This picture reveals a not-uncommon phenomenon of how elders are treated by their grown-upchildren in some of the families in China. When they are too old to take care of themselves, theelders become burdens to be kicked around by their sons and daughters like a football, a pitiful andunjust sight that will arouse indignation among many Chinese.
As a nation renowned in the world for many of its virtues, the Chinese people have beenpracticing filial piety throughout history. Many much-told stories reiterate this time-honored virtueof loving and respecting the elders, like the story of Ti Ying in the West Han Dynasty who riskedher life in order to save her wronged father from corporal punishment.
Those who tried every means to avoid their duty of looking after their elders should bear inmind that they are much indebted to their parents for their birth and growth. Without the lovingcare and unrelenting work of their parents, how could they have grown up healthy and
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successful?How could it possible for them to go about without the pricks of conscience?
Everyone of us should live up to the virtues passed down to us by our ancestors Only in thisway can we be worthy of the name of a Chinese.
这幅图画反映了一些中国家庭中普遍存在的现象——子女成年后如何对待他们的父母。当父母年龄太大，不能照顾自己的时候，他们就成了负担，被自己的子女们像足球一样踢来踢去。这是一种不公正的可鄙现象，引起了很多中国人的愤慨。

作为一个以很多美德闻名于世的民族，中国人民自古以来一直奉行孝道。许多广为传颂的故事反复强调了这种历史悠久的爱老敬老的传统，如西汉时缇萦舍身营救蒙冤的父亲免于肉刑的故事。

那些千方百计逃避照顾双亲的责任的子女们应该牢记，他们在出生和成长的过程中亏欠父母太多了。没有父母关怀备至的照料和不懈的工作，他们怎能健康成长并且取得成功？他们怎能虐待父母而不受到良心的谴责？

我们每个人都应该遵守从祖先那里传承下来的美德。只有这样我们才能无愧为中国人。

20大必背范文之三：(2006
As is vividly depicted in the photos above, Beckham, the smart British football superstar, isenjoying a striking popularity among the adolescents. In the first picture, Beckham‟s name appearson a young man‟s face. The caption indicates that worship for the idol is written on the face. In thesecond photograph, another young person is doing Beckham‟s chic hairstyle in a barbershop. Weare informed that he is spending 300 yuan imitating his idol‟s haircut.
Undoubtedly, the pictures have subtly reflected the social phenomenon that idol worship isprevalent among the teenagers nowadays. Beckham represents the image of sport hero whosehandsome appearance and unparalleled football skills are passionately adored by all the sports fans.Likewise, several teenage girls won their fame overnight in The 2005 Super Girl Contest in China,which provoked nationwide noisy debates on the value and harm of admiring these idols. Brieflyspeaking, young people are inclined to idolize the people who excel in appearance, intelligence ortalent.
Hence, idolatry, the thought-provoking social phenomenon, is a double-edged sword whichcan exert profound influence on the growth of young people. If we simply worship the idols byimitating their hairstyle or pursuing fashions unreasonably, the obsession will certainly waste us agreat deal of time and money, endangering the efficiency of our work. On the contrary, we will leada positive and fruitful life if we endeavor to improve ourselves by bridging the gap between ourmodels and us. Accordingly, the latter attitude should be adopted to direct our way of life. (255words

以上的照片生动地显示出来，相貌英俊的英国足球巨星贝克汉姆在年轻人中广受欢迎。
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在第一张照片中，贝克汉姆的名字出现在一个年轻人的额头上。文字表明：对偶像的崇拜写在了脸上。在第二张照片中，这个年轻人正在理发店中做贝克汉姆的时髦发型。我们得到的信息是他正花300元来模仿偶像的发式。

毫无疑问，照片巧妙地反映了这样一个社会现象：偶像崇拜目前在青年人中非常盛行。贝克汉姆代表了体育界英雄的形象，他的英俊外表以及高超的球技正是球迷们热情追捧的。同样，2005年中国举办的“超级女生”大赛中，几个十几岁的女孩一夜成名。围绕着崇拜这些偶像的意义和危害，这个事件激起了全国性的争论。总之，青年人往往容易崇拜那些在外表、才华和特长方面极其出色的人。

在我看来，偶像崇拜这个发人深思的社会现象，其实是把双刃剑，可以深刻影响青年人成长。如果我们只是靠模仿偶像发型或追逐时尚的方式来崇拜他们，这种痴迷将必定浪费我们大量的金钱和时间，影响我们的工作效率。相反，如果我们靠弥补我们和榜样之间的差距来努力提高自己，我们就会过一种积极和收获显著的生活。因此，我们应当采取后面一种态度来指引我们的人生。

20大必背范文之四：(2007
As we can see from the picture, a football match is going on. On guarding the goal, the man onthe left seems to be keeping a “huge one” that is easy and inevitable for a goal, while the personon the right hesitates to kick the ball with an illusion about the “huge keeper”. It is obvious thatboth of them exaggerate the difficulties in front of them.
This picture does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon inChina now. The young always give up because the problem is beyond their abilities to cope with.Superficially, it seems to be somewhat reasonable, but when weighing in the mind, we find there isan apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon: the lack of confidence. Firstly, it is well-knownthat we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties. We can do nothing but face them.Secondly, attitude is the key point to take the first step. Assuming bravery and confidence to solvethe problem, you will find the question is not as “huge” as you imagine. Take us for example, theentrance exam for graduate students even seems to be a horrible monster before us. Some peoplegive up, some persist. So, with confidence and the right assessment of the difficulties, try and exertyour strength, and then we will overcome all problems.
On the whole, I believe we young people should face the difficulties in right manner. Andnothing is impossible, just do it.
如图所示，一场足球赛正在进行。左边的人似乎在守一个对于射门轻而易举、不可避免的“大门”，而右边的人由于拥有关于“巨大守门员”的幻觉，踢球很犹豫。显而易见，他们两个人都夸大了面前的困难。

这幅图画确实反映了一个目前在中国很普遍同时发人深思的社会现象。由于问题超出他们应对的能力，年轻人总是放弃。表面上看，这幅图画似乎有一些道理，但当我们仔细思考时，我们就会发现在这个现象之下有一个明显的趋势：缺乏自信。首先，众所周知，我们生3


活在一个充满各种困难的多元化世界。我们别无选择，只能面对。其次，态度是采取第一步的关键。拥有勇气和信心来解决问题，你就会发现问题并非你想象的那么“严重”。以我们自己为例，研究生入学考试似乎是我们面前的一个可怕的怪物。有些人放弃了，而有些人则坚持了下来。因此，拥有信心和对困难的正确估计，并且竭尽全力，我们就将解决所有的问题。

总而言之，我认为我们年轻人应该以正确的方式面对困难。世上无难事，只怕有心人。

20大必背范文之五：(2008
As is subtly portrayed in the drawing, two handicapped young men are heading towards theirdestination with vigorous strides, leaving all their crutches behind. The hardship of disability beingno longer an obstacle on their journey, they support each other with firm hands and proceed steadily.The caption indicates that they can travel north and south extensively with combined legs.
It is apparent that the cartoonist aims at reminding us of the importance of cooperation in ourdaily life. Hardly can anyone achieve success in his career without the assistance of his colleaguesand partners. As competition in all lines of work grows increasingly fierce, we must defeat ourrivals through powerful teamwork. Take basketball hero Yao Ming for an example, he can slam thedunk smartly because all his teammates contribute more or less to his outstanding performance.Likewise, the successful launching of Chang‟e No.1 lunar probe should be attributed to the Chinesescientists‟ joint efforts instead of individual accomplishment. If we work separately, we will beconfined to frail minds and limited resources.
On the basis of the analysis above, we may draw a conclusion that cooperation and teamworkreally count in this competitive society. Hence, we should associate ourselves harmoniously withour companions in every attempt towards our goals. In addition, it is indispensable to train our kidsfrequently to interact smoothly with others in a team. As the proverb goes, unity is strength. (237words
正如漫画敏锐地描绘的，两个身患残疾的年轻人正在大步流星朝着他们的目的地前进，把拐杖都抛在了身后。残疾的艰难已经不再是他们路途上的障碍，他们互相有力地扶持着稳步前进。图画文字表明“你一条腿，我一条腿；你我一起，走南闯北”。

漫画作者显然是为了提醒我们合作在日常生活中的重要性。如果没有同事或搭档的帮助，任何人都不可能在事业上取得成功。由于各行各业的竞争日趋激烈，我们只有通过强大的团队才能击败对手。以篮球英雄姚明为例，他能够潇洒地扣篮，是因为他的队友或多或少成就了他杰出的表现。同样，嫦娥一号探月卫星的成功发射要归功于中国科学家们的集体努力，而不是个人成就。如果我们孤立地工作，必然受到局限，变得意志脆弱，享受不到多少资源。

在以上分析的基础上，我们可以得出结论：在竞争社会中，合作和团队极为重要。因此，在实现目标所做的每次努力中，我们都要和我们的同事们默契合作。此外，经常培训我们的下一代也是必不可少的，为了让他们适应在团队中顺利地沟通。正如谚语所说的，团结就是力量。
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20大必背范文之六：(2009
As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon, alarge number of people are surfing on line within a stretching spider web, either to entertainthemselves or to meet the work's needs. Unfortunately, it seems rather ironic to present peopleseparated from each other by the spider web when they attempt to communicate. Undoubtedly, thespider web serves as a symbol of Internet, both connecting people and isolating them from each other.
The metaphorical and impressive portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationshipbetween man and Internet. On the one hand, there is no denying that Internet is currently one of themost efficient media used for interpersonal communication. As a college student, I get on line everyday to discuss news with other people on BBS, to study English by registering for web courses, tochat freely through MSN Messenger with my friends. But on the other hand, a good many peopleadmit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain face-to-face contact with their friendsand colleagues. Once indulged in the fictitious world, people feel reluctant to approach others andto concentrate on real life. That's why some people have lost the skill of direct contact and getalienated from others.
Hence, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain fromoverindulgence. After all, Internet is invented to connect you and me, and to bring conveniences toour life rather than set a barrier to keep people beyond reach. (249words
这幅漫画象征性地阐释了无论是为了自我娱乐还是适应工作的需求，很多人在一个拉伸的蜘蛛网之内网上冲浪。然而，看来相当讽刺的地方是，这幅图呈现了他们在试图互相交流的同时，却被蜘蛛网彼此隔开。毫无疑问，这个蜘蛛网作为互联网的一种象征，既连接了人们，又使他们彼此隔离。

这幅比喻并使人印象深刻的图画象征性揭示了人与互联网之间的双重关系。一方面，不可否认网络目前是用于人际交流的最高效媒介之一。作为一名大学生，我每天上网与他人在BBS上讨论新闻，通过注册网络课程来学习英语，借助MSN和我的朋友们免费聊天。但另一方面，很多人承认他们太沉迷于网络而不愿与朋友和同事保持面对面接触。一旦沉迷于这种虚幻世界，人们不愿接近他人并关注现实生活。这就是一些人丧失了直接沟通技能并与他人疏远的原因。

因此，我们很有必要以一种合理的方式使用互联网，避免过度沉迷。毕竟，人们发明互联网是为了连接你和我，为我们的生活带来方便，而非设置障碍使人彼此疏远。

20大必背范文之七：(2010
A Hot Pot of Cultures, Both Delicious and Nutritious

In the picture above is a large hot pot. But different from the traditional Chinese hot pot, inwhich you see beef or lamb, luncheon meat, mushrooms, and a variety of vegetables, in this hot potare various “cultural foodstuffs” of both Chinese and foreign origins: Confucius, Aristotle,
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andShakespeare; Taoism, Greek mythology, etc.
What lies behind the picture, or “buried” in the hot pot, is clear: for the construction of theChinese culture and the future, materials of both Chinese and foreign features are indispensable.
We are living in an age when economic globalization is not only heard over the media but alsoseen and felt in the reality of our daily life. No nation or country can maintain its well-being byliving on and by itself. The history of China in the last half of the 20thcentury has provided a wholepack of vivid and convincing experiences, both of successes and failures, in that consideration.Only from the various and varied sources of the other nations, together that of with our own, canwe obtain sufficient nutriments for a Chinese culture worth her pride and her leadership in thepresent and the future world. (197 words
文化火锅，既美味又营养

在上面的图画中有一只巨大的火锅。但是和可以看到牛羊肉、午餐肉、蘑菇和各色蔬菜的传统中式火锅不同，在这个火锅里是各种中外来源的“文化食品”：孔子、亚里士多德、莎士比亚；道、希腊神话，等等。

在图画背后或“埋藏”在火锅里的含义显而易见：为了建设中国文化及未来，具有中外特色的物质都是必不可少的。

我们生活在这样一个时代：经济全球化不仅可以在媒体中听到，也可以在我们日常生活现实中看到、感受到。没有一个国家能够完全依赖自身就可维系安康幸福。在此方面，20世纪后半叶中国的历史已经提供了一系列生动可信的成功与失败的经验。由于中国文化在当今与未来的世界中值得自豪同时引领全球，因此只有通过自身与其他国家丰富多彩的资源，我们才能汲取充分的营养。

20大必背范文之八：

From the information given in the above column chart, we can see a striking contrast inmobile-phone subscriptions between developing and developed countries from 2000 to 2008.During this period, there has been a dramatic increase from 0.4 to 4 billion mobile phonesubscriptions in developing countries, while that of developed countries remained steady under 1billion during the decade.
At least two fundamental factors could contribute to this phenomenon. On the one hand,with the rapid increase in economy happening in the developing countries, thetelecommunication industry in those countries got a great bound to meet the demand ofglobalization. As a result, the user of mobile phone which can narrow the distance between peopleand link the whole world together rose at an incredible speed. On the other hand, the extremelyadvanced civilization of developed countries means less potential in many aspects including in thearea of private telecommunication tools and their demand for further enlargement
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of such toolstend to saturation.
In conclusion, while mobile phones subscriptions, if used carelessly or without restraint,could prove to be a double-edged sword, the fact remains that it is already extremelyprevalent in both developing and developed countries and even today, continue rise inpopularity. Given the levels of intelligence, prudence and discretion imbued in people, I amsure that most of them will be able to sidestep the potential drawbacks of mobile phones, whiletaking advantage of all its merits. （241 words）

根据上述柱状图所提供的信息，我们可以看出从2000年到2008年，发展中国家和发达国家之间在手机入网方面存在着惊人的对比。在此期间，发展中国家手机入网从4亿急速增长到40亿，而发达国家的相关数据只是在10亿之下保持平稳。

至少有两点主要原因造成了这种现象。一方面，随着在发展中国家发生的快速经济增长，这些国家的电信产业必然会适应全球化的需求。因此，使用手机缩短人们之间距离并与全世界联系的人数以惊人的速度增加。另一方面，发达国家极端先进的文明在私人电信工具等诸多领域意味着更少的发展潜力，他们对进一步开发此类工具的需求趋于饱和。

因此，如果不小心或没有节制，手机入网就是一把双刃剑。尽管这样，事实上，手机入网在发展中国家和发达国家中均十分流行，这种趋势甚至今天还在继续扩大。假如人们多动脑、谨慎些、具有判断力，我确信大多数人们都能克服手机入网的弊端、利用它的优势。

20大必背范文之九：

What is shown in the column chart above indicates that dramatic changes have takenplace in the market share of certain brands in domestic car markets from 2008 to 2009. Duringthe period, there was a marked jump of 8% from 25% to 33% in the market portion of Chinesebrands, while that of Japanese brands declined significantly by 10% from 35% to 25%. At thesame time, the percentage of American brands remained steady.
There are at least two fundamental causes accounting for these changes. On the onehand, advancements in science and technology have offered a technical foundation for the rapiddevelopment of Chinese aotuomobile industry by providing material basis and technical means.Meanwhile, it won’t be difficult to notice these days that natioanal automobile companies inmounting numbers turn to price promotions to boost sales. On the other hand, the dishonestwords and behaviors of Japanese automobile corporations such as Toyota in recent years cheapenstheir image and finally ruin their reputation.

To sum up, brands are insubstantial treasure. They are akin to a product‟s or a company‟sreputations. Obviously, if Chinese automobile industry wants to make continuous profits, what theyneed is to try promotions that reinforce Chinese brands‟ image. (204 words
上述柱状表中显示的数据表明，从2008年到2009年，国内轿车市场部分品牌市场份额发生了很大变化。在此期间，国产品牌的市场份额从25%急剧上升到33%，上升了8%；而7


日系品牌的市场份额则从35%急剧下降到25%，下降了10%。与此同时，美系品牌所占的百分比保持平稳。

至少两点主要原因造成了上述变化。一方面，科技进步通过提供物质基础和技术手段，为中国汽车产业的迅猛发展提供了技术基础。同时，众所周知近年来越来越多的国产轿车公司大搞价格促销来提升销量。另一方面，近年来丰田等日系轿车公司的欺诈言行削弱了其形象，并最终毁坏了其声誉。

总之，品牌是非实体的财富。它们就是一种产品或一家公司的声誉。显而易见，如果中国轿车产业想要继续赢利，他们需要的是尝试提升国产品牌形象的促销方式。

第四节：图画作文

一、考研大作文框架结构：

3段，12句左右，160-250词，5-7个关联词，5-7个从句（多多益善）

1、Introduction：第一段，3句左右

1）图画/表作文：图画/表描述

（1）General description：总体描述（人物+动作+环境或数据变化规律），1句

（2）Details 1, 2, 3：细节描述（挖掘细节词，串联成句），1句

（3）Caption/Symbolic meaning：文字说明或象征寓意，1句

2）提纲/情景作文：现状说明

（1）Background information：背景交代，1句

（2）General talk of the topic：引出主题，1句

（3）Thesis: state specifically what your opinion is：确立论点，1句

大作文四大要素

1）描述：第一段，图画描述

2）象征寓意：1句，全文中心思想，首段尾句或二段首句，承上启下，画龙点睛

3）分析：第二段，意义阐释


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4）评论：第三段，建议措施

2、Body： 第二段，意义阐释，5句左右

1）Topic sentence：Symbolic meaning，主题句，象征寓意，1句

2）Argument：论证，3句左右，考研写作四大论证手段

（1） Cause and Effect：因果论证

（2） Exemplification：举例论证

A. Numerous examples can be given, but this/these will suffice.
B. I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s.
C. This/These case(s effectively clarify that…

考研写作三大钻石定律

1.写想到的第二个词或句子

2. 写的每个词或句子最好背过

3. 错误的复杂句不如正确的简单句

（3） 联系现实：以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想为抽象represent代表，symbolize象征，

epitomize是···的缩影，be naturally associated with自然与···联系起来

（4）正反论证：

3）Summary：小结，概括论证，总结本段，1句

3、Conclusion：第三段，归纳结论/建议措施，4句左右

1）Concluding sentence：结论句，呼应象征寓意，1句

2）Suggestions 1、2：两句结论或两点建议（针对双方提建议），2句

3）包装结尾、展望未来：1句，考研写作三大优秀句型

（1）倒装句：Only in this way can we solve this problem.
9


只有这样我们才能解决这个问题。

（2）强调句：It is persistent work that is conducive to your grasping a considerable
vocabulary.只有长期学习才有助于你掌握大的词汇量。

（3）虚拟语气：It is high time that we improved the present situation.

我们早就该改进现状了。

三、图画作文经典范文：

20大必背范文之十：

As is subtly portrayed in the cartoon, two toursits are taking sightseeing on a small boatwhile discarding their picnicing leftovers casually into a lake. Unfortunately, the lake is alreadylittered and teamed with flowing rubbish like plastic containers, fish-bones, banana
skin, watermelon rind, bottles, tins, food wrappings, and so on. And below the drawing, there is atopic which says: "after" the travel or "me" in the travel.
From the portrayal, we can conclude that the painter wants to convey such a message: agood many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating andleaving behind God-knows-how-much trash. On the one hand, tourism, as a multibillion-dollarbusiness, is booming everywhere. Some people, laboring under the belief that tourism servesas an engine of economic growth, seem to ignore its negative effects on the environment.Nevertheless, these are not concerns that we can shrug off lightly. On the other hand, tourismhas exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: water is polluted, theecological system is disturbed, and natural resources have been excessively used.
Undoubtedly, tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up theeconomy in places which offer few sources of income. The significant point is that theunchecked growth of the travel business may render the development of an economyunsustainable. It is high time that we enhanced people's awareness to rectify this by takingthe environmental protection into consideration.

如图所示，两名游客正在一艘小船上观光，同时把野餐的剩余垃圾随意丢入湖中。不幸的是，湖中已经堆满了漂浮的塑料盒、鱼骨、香蕉皮、西瓜皮、瓶子、罐头、食品包装等各色垃圾。在图画下方，有个小标题写明：“旅程之„余‟”。

从漫画中，我们可以得出结论，画家想要表达下述信息：成群的游客涌入很多景点，制造并丢弃了大量的垃圾，影响了大自然的美观。一方面，旅游业作为一项数十亿美元的产业，10


正在世界各地迅猛发展。有些人认为旅游业是经济发展的引擎，似乎忽视了其对环境的负面影响。然而，我们必须充分关注这一问题。另一方面，旅游业已经对我们生存的环境造成了巨大的压力：水受到污染，生态平衡遭到破坏，自然资源被过度开发。

毫无疑问，由于在其他收入很少的地区，旅游业确实有助于发展经济，因此任何国家都无法禁止旅游业。但重要的是旅游业毫无节制的发展可能使得经济发展不可持续。通过考虑环境保护因素，我们早就该提高人们的意识来改进这个现状了。

第五节：小作文

一、摘要：

（一）解题步骤：

1、总结中文摘要：2分钟

总结中心句（段首或段尾句）

2、中译英：13分钟

（二）大纲样题：

（1）中文摘要

20世纪50年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳，其原因主要包括以下几个方面。全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手段。全球化的经济基础。首先，市场经济体制成为世界各国发展经济的首选。其次，力量不断壮大的跨国公司成为经济全球化的中坚力量。最后，国际经济组织是经济全球化发展的组织保障。（155字）

（2）参考范文: 20大必背范文之十一：


Main Reasons of Economic Globalization
Since the early 1950s, economic globalization has been developing rapidly. Brieflyspeaking, its reasons mainly include the following ones. The first reason is the technicalfoundation of economic globalization. Advancements in science and technology have providedthe material basis and the technical means for the rapid development of globalization. Thesecond reason is the economic foundation of globalization. Firstly, the market economy hasbecome the first choice of promoting economy for every country in the world. Secondly,multinationals which are expanding continuously have become the center of economicglobalization. Lastly, international economic organizations have been the organic safeguardsfor the development of economic globalization. (104 words
11


（四）大纲解析样题：

1）中文摘要

蒙台梭利的儿童发展观

一位杰出的教育家玛利亚·蒙台梭利对于儿童的发展有着独到的见解。她认为，儿童是一个发育着的机体和发展中的心灵，儿童发展时期是人的一生中最重要的时期。幼儿的发展包括生理和心理两方面的发展。在生理发展方面，主导本能和工作本能是生命力的来源。在幼儿的心理发展中会出现五种不同性质的“敏感期”。她指出应该注意幼儿的心理发展和生理发展之间的密切关系。（169字）

2）参考范文：20大必背范文之十二：

Montessori’s Ideas on Development of Children

An eminent educator, Maria Montessori has some unique ideas on the development ofchildren. She believes that a child is an organic body in the making and a mind in development,and the development in childhood is the most important period of one‟s life. The developmentconsists of two parts: the physical and the mental. In the physical development, the instinct ofcontrol and the instinct of work are the sources of vitality. In the mental development, there are 5“sensitive periods” of different natures. She calls on great attention on the intimate relationshipbetween the mental and the physical developments. (101 words
（三）摘要复习方法：

1、积累词汇： 社会科学、自然科学、人文科学。来源：历年真题

2、背诵范文：

二、告示类应用文：

1．2010年真题：招募启事：20大必背范文之十三

Directions:
You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for aninternational conference on globalization. The notice should include the basic qualification ofapplicant and the other information you think relative.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

12

Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use " postgraduate association "instead.(10 points
NOTICE
Volunteers are needed for the International Conference on Globalziation to be held on thiscampus in early July. Basic requirements are familarity with the theme of the conference and proficiency of English. Other requirements include interpersonal communication ability,familarity with our city in terms of its tourist attractions and its history, proper manners, andsense of responsibility. Priority and preference will be given to those experienced, either ininternational conference or in other similar activities.
Call 86754321 or send messages to postgr_ass@ccc.edu.cn for an application and forinformation on the interview. Enquiries are encouraged but visists declined. （97words）

The Postgraduates’Association

七月初将于本校举行关于全球化的国际研讨会，现招募志愿者。基本要求是熟悉本次会议的主题以及精通英语。其他要求包括人际沟通能力、熟悉我市的景点及历史，举止适当以及责任感。在国际会议或其他类似活动中具有相关经验者优先考虑。

申请职位以及咨询面试相关信息，请致电86754321或发送邮件到postgr_ass@ccc.edu.cn 。欢迎垂询，谢绝来访。

研究生会


2.2007年6月四级真题：招新启事：20大必背范文十四

Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an announcement to welcome students tojoin to a club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 本社团的主要活动内容

2. 参加本社团的好处

3. 如何加入本社团

Welcome to English Club
January 7, 2012

13

Welcome to English Club! It could serve as a platform to show your outstanding abilitiesand help you develop a range of great skills.
You can be involved in a variety of activities including staging musical dramas, holdinggroup discussions, watching Oscar-winning movies, and so on. These after-class activities couldoffer you ample opportunities. First, your active participation is helpful to strengthening thesense of responsibility and managing interpersonal relations. Second, various activitiesorganized by us could raise your level of proficiency in English. A good command of Englishempowers you to enjoy decided competitive edge over your peers.
You can file a written application to our staff office or email us via englishclub@163.com.The deadline for entries is January 14. Come on, join us now! (127 words
English Club
欢迎加入英语俱乐部

2012年1月7日

欢迎加入英语俱乐部！它能成为一个平台，展示你卓越的才能，并帮助你开发众多技能。

你可以参加各种各样的活动，包括表演音乐剧、进行小组讨论，观看奥斯卡获奖影片等等。这些课外活动能为你提供丰富的机会。首先，你的积极参与有助于培养责任感与开发人际关系。其次，我们组织的种类繁多的活动能提高你的英语熟练程度。良好的英语水平使你比其他人享有明显的竞争优势。

你可以向我们的行政办公室提交书面申请或通过 englishclub@163.com 发送电子邮件。报名截止日期是1月14日。快来加入我们吧！

英语俱乐部

三、书信格式：（关系亲密即私人书信，关系不亲密即公务书信）

（一）称呼：

1、写给机构：Dear Sir or Madam,
2、写给个人：Dear Mr. Wang, Dear Bob, Dear Editors,
（二）正文：3段，7句左右，100-130词，3-5个关联词，3-5个从句

1、第一段：2句左右

1）自我介绍（私人书信除外）：

14


（1）工作人员：

05年：I am a staff member from your company/corporation.
06年：I am a staff member from Motorola（China）Electronics
Ltd
（2）学生：I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from
the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.

2）写作目的：书信的中心思想，改写提纲一

（1）05年：I am writing the letter for purpose of resigning from my current

post/position.
（2） 06年：I am writing to inform you that I wish to request if you could help
me find a potential beneficiary of Project Hope.
2、第二段：改写提纲二，3句左右

1）主题句：1句

2）分论点一：1句

3）分论点二：1句

3、第三段：2句左右，（改写提纲三）

1）表示感谢（私人建议信除外）：

（1） My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.
（2） Words fail me when I wish to express my sincere gratitude to you.
（3） I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind
assistance you render me.
2）期待回信：

（1）I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
15


（2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
（3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.

（三）落款：

1、结尾客套：Yours sincerely,
2、签名： Li Ming或Zhang Wei
四、书信类应用文

20大必背范文之十五

Directions:
You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgotto return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to
1 make an apology,
2 suggest a solution.
Dear Bob,
I’m writing to apologize for having forgotten to return the “the Beatles” CD to you when Ileft Canada. I was in such a hurry that I packed everything in my luggage without checkingcarefully. Had I paid more attention then, I wouldn’t have made such a stupid mistake.

Now something must be done to solve the problem because I understand you cherish theCD enormously. I can either send it to you by express mail or alternatively compensate you at areasonable price. If you do not mind, I may bring it back to you next time I go to Canada.
Please let me know which solution you prefer at your earliest convenience. I really hopeyou will accept my sincere apology. (123 words
Faithfully yours,
Li Ming
2.2009年真题：20大必背范文之十六

Directions:
16


Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “Whitepollution” is still going on.

Write a letter to the editor(s of your local newspaper to
1 give your opinions briefly, and
2 make two or three suggestions.
Dear Editors,
I have been reading your newspaper for many years with a great enthusiasm and interest.It is my view that limiting/prohibiting the use of disposable plastic bags is of utmost significance.
To crack this hard nut, I would like to give/offer/render/propose some/severaluseful/practical/conducive recommendations as follows. First and foremost, it is imperativefor us to ban the free use of disposable plastic bags. In addition, we should develop possiblealternative forms to replace them, such as paper or clothing bags. Last but not least, plastic bagsshould be offered in a much higher price in department stores or supermarkets.
I hope you would find the above proposals conducive and I would like to discuss thismatter to further details. Your prompt attention to my suggestions would be highlyappreciated. (125 words
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
3.2010年英语（二）真题：20大必背范文之十七

Directions:
You have just come back from the U.S as a member of Sino-American cultural exchangeprogram. Write a letter to your American colleague to
1）express your thanks to his/her warm reception,
2）welcome him/her to visit China in due course.
Dear Bob,
I have just arrived at my home from the airport. As I sit behind the desk, I just want towrite a letter to you. I am grateful for your warm reception in this cultural exchange program.You and
17

your family gave me a deep impression. The program is one of the most wonderfulmemories in my life.
In once talk you said you want to travel in China. Well, you will be welcomed and it willbe my pleasure to be your guide. By the way, send me a list and write down the places whereyou would like to visit.
Please give my best regards to your family. (110 words
Sincerely yours,

Zhang Wei
4、2011年真题：20大必背范文之十八

Directions:
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1 recommend one of your favorite movies and
2 give reasons for your recommendation.
Dear Michael,
As one of your closest friend, I'm writing the letter in purpose of recommending one of myfavorite movies to you, Around the World in Eighty Days.
The primary factors for my recommendation are as follows. For one thing, this is a movieof science fiction which tells us an exciting story about an English gentleman,Mr. Phileas Fogg,who makes a bet with his clubmates and managers to travel around the world in eighty days. Foranother, it gives us a vivid description of the many difficulties and incidents which happen on hisjourney.
Wish you enjoy the movie. Looking forward to your reply. (104words
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
5、2011年英语（二）真题：20大必背范文之十九

Directions:
18


Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admited to a university. Write him/her a letter to:
1 congratulate him/her,and
2 give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei”instead.

Dear Li Ming,
Congratulations! I’m absolutely delighted to hear that you have just been admitted toStanford University. I know there was a lot of competition this year but your hard work andperseverance certainly paid off.
I’d like to give you several practical proposals on how to prepare for your university life.Firstly, it’s my hope that you will take advantage of the library in your university by readingbooks outside the college curriculum. Secondly, I believe that free-time should be divided intothree main activities: physical exercise, relaxation, and communication with friends and family.
Wish you further success in your continuing studies and hope you will invite me to yourgraduation ceremony in four years time. (115 words
Yours faithfully,

Zhang Wei
6、备忘录Memorandum/报告report：20大必背范文之二十

Directions:
You are the president of a company. Write a memo to Percy Shelley, the vice-president on theemployee‟s training on computer, telling him the need to train the employees, detailed information,and ask him to write a plan.
Date：January 7, 2012
To：Percy Shelley, Vice President
From：Li Ming, President
Subject：Computer Training of the Staff

19

As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up withproblem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff. We need to make up a plan fortraining our employees in the new field.
I would like you to design our own in-house computer-training program. We had betterclassify the employees and put them through the program in turn.
Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover. Assumethe class runs four hours a week for ten weeks. Also, assume people have no prior computerknowledge or any formal course work in computer science. (108 words

参 考 译 文 1、

亲爱的鲍勃：

我写此信的目的是为了向你道歉。在离开加拿大时，我忘了把那盘披头士乐队的CD还给你。走的时候太匆忙了，我把所有东西都塞到行李中，没有仔细检查。当时要是多加注意的话，就不会犯这种低级错误了。

因为我知道你特别珍爱那盘 CD，所以一定要想办法解决这个问题。我可以寄快递包裹给你，也可以按合理的价格赔偿你的损失。如果你不介意的话，我也可以在下次去加拿大的时候把它给你带回去。

请在方便的时候尽快让我知道你倾向哪一种解决方案。希望你能接受我真诚的道歉。

您真诚的，

李明 2、

尊敬的编辑：

多年来我一直怀着极大的热情与兴趣阅读贵报。我认为限制使用一次性塑料袋非常重要。

为解决这个难题，我想提出如下几个实用的建议。首先，我们急需禁止免费使用一次性塑料袋。其次，我们应该开发取代塑料袋的替换方式，如纸袋或布袋。最后，在商场或超市应以更高的价格提供塑料袋。

我希望您觉得上述建议有益，同时希望进一步讨论这一问题。十分感谢您对我的建议给
20

予及时的关注。

您真诚的

李明 3、

鲍勃：

我刚从机场回到家里。坐在书桌后面时，我只想给你写封信。在这次文化交流项目中，非常感谢你的热情接待。你和你的家人给我留下了深刻的印象。这个项目是我一生中最美好的回忆之一。

你曾经说过你想来中国旅行。好吧，非常欢迎，而且我很荣幸做你的导游。顺便说一句，给我列张单子，写下你想去的地方。

请向你的家人致以诚挚的祝福。

你真诚的，

张伟 4、

迈克尔：

作为你最好的一位朋友，我写这封信是为了向你推荐我最喜欢的电影之一：八十天环游地球》。

我推荐的主要原因如下。首先，这是一部科幻电影，讲述了一位英国绅士的一个激动人心的故事。菲力·弗格先生跟他的俱乐部伙伴打了个赌，并设法在八十天之内环游了地球。其次，电影生动描述了他在旅途中遇到的困难和发生的故事。

希望你喜欢这部电影。期待着你的回信。

你真诚的，

李明 5、

李明：


21

祝贺你！得知你已被斯坦福大学录取，我由衷地高兴。我知道今年的竞争很激烈，但是你的努力和毅力得到了回报。

关于如何准备你的大学生活，我想提出几个实用的建议。首先，希望你能充分利用大学的图书馆资源，课外多读一些书。其次，我认为空闲时间应该用来完成三项重要的活动：体育锻炼、放松和与朋友家人沟通交流。

衷心地祝福你在大学期间取得进一步的成功，希望你能邀请我去参加四年后你的毕业庆典！

你真诚的，

张伟 6、

日期：2012年1月7日

致：波西·雪莱，副总裁

自：李明，总裁

主题：员工计算机培训

正如我们本周早期讨论的那样，我同意你的看法：我们公司正在面临员工高比率电脑盲的问题。我们需要制定一个计划，在这个新的领域培训员工。

我想让你制定我们自己的内部计算机培训计划。我们最好把员工分类，让他们轮流参加这个项目。

写一个简要的计划，涵盖你认为这个项目需要包括的内容。假定培训为十周，每周四小时。同时假定员工在计算机方面没有任何预先的知识或没有参加过正式课程。


22


描写图表句型

chart / graph According to
1. As can be seen from the table, ...
diagram As shown in
figure / statistics It is clear / apparent form


reveals graph 2. The that…
shows table
suggests diagram


statistics table estimate 3. From the information given in the graph , we can see that… chart conclude

number nearly doubled as compared with those 4. The figure of … almost , that tripled as against percentage more than
of last year.
figure increased more than six times 5. The number dropped twice , compared with… almost

percentage decreased about two and a half times chart percentage twice that 6. The number is 4 times as much as those of 1990. half

rate less half 7. The number was X percent, than a third of the 1998 total. more quarter

shot up jumped


increased by X percent 8. By comparison with 1990, it

rose from X to Y percent
decreased to X percent
dropped fell
23



reached something of plateau
9. It has approached X percent in the past few years

risen to an average of X percent in 1998
10. It accounts for 15 percent of the total.
less than more than
three-quarters of X percent of one out of five one in four one half / third of
housewives graduates young couples the number of students 11. By 1998,
almost about
over
as many as


nearly almost / nearly a quarter as many students as 12. A has about / over half / twice as much money as
B one third about / approximately number students 13. A has exactly / precisely the same proportion of money as… amount sudden jump During the period 1970-1999 sharp rise From 1910 to 1974 was
14. Since 1980 … there
has been Since the early 1980s

the number of people who
in personal income
. college population

15. The number of…


dramatic a marked steady slight gradual fall increase fluctuation decrease decline reduction drop increased jumped rose decreased declined dropped fell fluctuated suddenly rapidly / slowly dramatically significantly slightly gradually sharply 24 from 1988 to 1990 during the five-year period.


was X accidents / suicides in 16. There a X percent increase since March, has been decrease

second-highest 17. that is the third-lowest rate in history.

number steady during the decade 18. The percentage remained between 1990 and 1995 stable unchanged from 1990 to 1995

percentage a peak

19. The reached a high point a low point
figure the bottom
in March at 20% an increase of 3 percent in a three-month period up from X percent for the same period last year
reached 20. The figure
90 percent, the highest level ever recorded since 1960 picked


25

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