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a
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al "six
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nd "six bigthesupprocessport" ofofde
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ajor prosupport.ject into
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policy
,
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grad"1236"e
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ty trafficstorming,
hub and andchan
"6873"
nel ecotrafficnomic breakthrough,status; paper
Brigad
and
"6363"
e
integ
water
rated
body, and Zh
guarantees,
major
u
Jia Ji
action
an rese
speed
rvoir, upand
implementation,
agricultural PV
p
ecological
ower, andsecurity
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a
and
nd clongomm
East
odity
energy
tradinchemicalg and thebase
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strategy
rket, andintensive
M
introduced,
illion tonneands of cprovincialontrolled
"eight
atmospah
change",
ere fruit andand
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and
ral rdryingeformfood, low
production
skills, hard wline,orka
will becom
number
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emajorincreaprojectssingly dif
implemented,
ficult, labor inc
handicap,
ome jumpLiumo
Lihe
re areservoirnd more project work smoothly, these projects originated from the "Twelve-Five" continue to accumulate, to develop their potential in the "Thirteen-Five" concentrated during release. Orient, is to deepen the understanding of accurate. After years of the revision, development of jingchuan stand on a new historical starting point, features of economic and social development has changed significantly. Comprehensive construction of well-off society in entering the showdown to win stage, dual action and poor precision, driven by County poverty dropped from 37.5% to 11.2%. Full implementation of the "1+17", "2+19" programme, ensure the timely realization of poverty, poor people to achieve well-off society, we must battle tasks. From the perspective of current income, poor village, the poor generally lack strong industrial support, most rely on service revenue, along with the deepening
小学生抒情类作文写法之我见
祁东县石亭子中心小学：张奇月
抒情类作文在小学非常重要，它能够从小培养我们对人、
对事、对物的情感，那么怎样才能写好这类文章呢？以下就我
在作文教学中遇到的问题谈谈自己的一些看法：
所谓抒情，就是用饱含情感的语言，抒发作者对人或事物
的各种情感。它主要是以情感人，它有助于渲染气氛，感染读
者，增强文章的表现力。
抒情的方式主要有两种，即直接抒情和间接抒情。直接抒
情就是作者直接抒发自己的感情，而间接抒情是通过叙述、描
写、议论等形式来抒情，是在对人或事物、景物记叙描写基础
上的有感而发。因此间接抒情包括即事抒情、即人抒情和即景
抒情三种。
抒情的方法主要有两种：一种是紧张的、强烈的，把感情
直接倾诉出来，风格较为外露明快；一种是轻淡的、和缓的，
把感情深藏在心底，风格比较内向含蓄。
抒情类文章的内容和对象：可以是自己心中对生活的某种
感受的流露，可以是对一人一事一景一物由衷的赞叹感激或厌
恶愤恨之情，也可以是人、事、景、物引起自己丰富联想的表
达。抒情的内容十分广泛，抒情的对象也包罗万象。
那么要写好抒情类文章，具体应注意哪些问题呢?
alleviation"eight
a
botcrucialh" and
further
municipdevelopment
al "six
a
into",
to
a
accelerate
nd "six bigthesupprocessport" ofofde
well-off
cision de
society
ployme
has
nt, ccreatedoncentr
a
agreatted reopportunity.lease has man
18
y
p
since
olicythegoo
Central
d. In paandrticu
provincial
lar Gansu Spovertyilk Road
alleviation
economicandbeltdevelopmentof gold and he
into
ritag
the
e
ooverallf Chines
strategic
e
civilizat
planning,
ion constrpriorityuction
of
and
ad
"first
vancinproject",
g
the innovation zon
formulated
a
e,seriesjingchofua
policies
n
based
now
adva
focus,
ntage,
development
create node
cities and
measures
p
have
rovid
all
e
a
been
broaclear.der spWeace wantin cortoe
areas.
seize
the
From
opportunity,
I
County proprecisionject resoapplicationurces see, nstrategy,ational ec
focus
ologic
punch,
al civilizbreak
ation"supportpilot engi
...
ne
,
e
Supports
ring modethe
l
Co
development
unty and cyclofe
econ
old
revolutionary
omic model Co
and
untay seriestwo
a
nofat
policy
ional
p
measures
roject lanindin
areas
g
imp
such
leme
as
nta
infrastructure,
tion, will in coupublicntry
p
services,
rovince lepromotingvel won
more
high
s
standards,
upport; Pin
support,
gliang toandjingmorechuan
opportunities
city inter fast
for
cha
us
nntoel,
accelerate
and xiping
development,
railway double
provide
track,
m
greater
ajor prosupport.ject into
From
provi
provinces
nces plate
policy
,
will fuorientedrther up
see,
grad"1236"e
I
Coun
poverty
ty trafficstorming,
hub and andchan
"6873"
nel ecotrafficnomic breakthrough,status; paper
Brigad
and
"6363"
e
integ
water
rated
body, and Zh
guarantees,
major
u
Jia Ji
action
an rese
speed
rvoir, upand
implementation,
agricultural PV
p
ecological
ower, andsecurity
gas utilizbarrier,ation,
a
and
nd clongomm
East
odity
energy
tradinchemicalg and thebase
agricconstruction,ultural wholes
major
ale ma
strategy
rket, andintensive
M
introduced,
illion tonneands of cprovincialontrolled
"eight
atmospah
change",
ere fruit andand
freezingof structu
and
ral rdryingeformfood, low
production
skills, hard wline,orka
will becom
number
of
emajorincreaprojectssingly dif
implemented,
ficult, labor inc
handicap,
ome jumpLiumo
Lihe
re areservoirnd more
project
work
smoothly,
these
projects
originated
from
the
"Twelve-Five"
continue
to
accumulate,
to
develop
their
potential
in
the
"Thirteen-Five"
concentrated
during
release.
Orient,
is
to
deepen
the
understanding
of
accurate.
After
years
of
the
revision,
development
of
jingchuan
stand
on
a
new
historical
starting
point,
features
of
economic
and
social
development
has
changed significantly. Comprehensive construction of well-off society in entering the showdown to win stage, dual action and poor precision, driven by County poverty dropped from 37.5% to 11.2%. Full implementation of the "1+17", "2+19" programme, ensure the timely realization of poverty, poor people to achieve well-off society, we must battle tasks. From the perspective of current income, poor village, the poor generally lack strong industrial support, most rely on service revenue, along with the deepening
一、选材真实，有感而发，有情可抒
自然界的景物千姿百态，生活中的事情多种多样，社会上的
人们又形形色色。在这个纷繁的世界里，我们应该对什么对象
抒情，抒些什么样的感情呢?只有真实的材料才能流露出真实
的感情，虚构出来的故事是很难打动人心的。真实的材料是写
作的基础，选材独特又是成功的关键。只要选材真实，就能显
示出独特之处。所以我们下笔的对象应是那些能给人美感给人
希望给人力量和启迪的景物，是那些和自己有着千丝万缕的紧
密联系、能打动自己的心灵、引发自己情感的人和事。只有选
好物、择好景、找好人，才能调动自己的真情实感，写出真挚
感人的文章来。
二、找好细节，找好抒情点
细节描写往往是把感人的片段放大，相当于电影里的特
写镜头，能拉近与读者的距离，让读者感同身受，身临其境。
要善于从自己切身的体验中去寻找曾经打动过自己的东西，将
或喜或悲、或憎或爱的感情集中到某一点上，并着力描写好这
个“动情点”。这个动情点可以是瞬间的现象、感人的语言、一
个动作、一种眼神、内心的感动等等。细腻描绘，精心打造，
做到于细微处见真情，这样就能打动人，感染人！抒情类文章
多是借景抒情或借物抒怀，或引人起情。因此，我们要对“对
象”细心审视，不但要找出既异于同类的显著特点，还要挖出
其内在的精神和灵魂，要写出物的人格化，人的品格化，找出
word/media/image2.gif
alleviation"eight
a
botcrucialh" and
further
municipdevelopment
al "six
a
into",
to
a
accelerate
nd "six bigthesupprocessport" ofofde
well-off
cision de
society
ployme
has
nt, ccreatedoncentr
a
agreatted reopportunity.lease has man
18
y
p
since
olicythegoo
Central
d. In paandrticu
provincial
lar Gansu Spovertyilk Road
alleviation
economicandbeltdevelopmentof gold and he
into
ritag
the
e
ooverallf Chines
strategic
e
civilizat
planning,
ion constrpriorityuction
of
and
ad
"first
vancinproject",
g
the innovation zon
formulated
a
e,seriesjingchofua
policies
n
based
now
adva
focus,
ntage,
development
create node
cities and
measures
p
have
rovid
all
e
a
been
broaclear.der spWeace wantin cortoe
areas.
seize
the
From
opportunity,
I
County proprecisionject resoapplicationurces see, nstrategy,ational ec
focus
ologic
punch,
al civilizbreak
ation"supportpilot engi
...
ne
,
e
Supports
ring modethe
l
Co
development
unty and cyclofe
econ
old
revolutionary
omic model Co
and
untay seriestwo
a
nofat
policy
ional
p
measures
roject lanindin
areas
g
imp
such
leme
as
nta
infrastructure,
tion, will in coupublicntry
p
services,
rovince lepromotingvel won
more
high
s
standards,
upport; Pin
support,
gliang toandjingmorechuan
opportunities
city inter fast
for
cha
us
nntoel,
accelerate
and xiping
development,
railway double
provide
track,
m
greater
ajor prosupport.ject into
From
provi
provinces
nces plate
policy
,
will fuorientedrther up
see,
grad"1236"e
I
Coun
poverty
ty trafficstorming,
hub and andchan
"6873"
nel ecotrafficnomic breakthrough,status; paper
Brigad
and
"6363"
e
integ
water
rated
body, and Zh
guarantees,
major
u
Jia Ji
action
an rese
speed
rvoir, upand
implementation,
agricultural PV
p
ecological
ower, andsecurity
gas utilizbarrier,ation,
a
and
nd clongomm
East
odity
energy
tradinchemicalg and thebase
agricconstruction,ultural wholes
major
ale ma
strategy
rket, andintensive
M
introduced,
illion tonneands of cprovincialontrolled
"eight
atmospah
change",
ere fruit andand
freezingof structu
and
ral rdryingeformfood, low
production
skills, hard wline,orka
will becom
number
of
emajorincreaprojectssingly dif
implemented,
ficult, labor inc
handicap,
ome jumpLiumo
Lihe
re areservoirnd more
project
work
smoothly,
these
projects
originated
from
the
"Twelve-Five"
continue
to
accumulate,
to
develop
their
potential
in
the
"Thirteen-Five"
concentrated
during
release.
Orient,
is
to
deepen
the
understanding
of
accurate.
After
years
of
the
revision,
development
of
jingchuan
stand
on
a
new
historical
starting
point,
features
of
economic
and
social
development
has
changed
significantly.
Comprehensive
construction
of
well-off
society
in
entering
the
showdown
to
win
stage,
dual
action
and
poor
precision,
driven
by
County
poverty
dropped
from
37.5%
to
11.2%.
Full
implementation
of
the
"1+17",
"2+19"
programme, ensure the timely realization of poverty, poor people to achieve well-off society, we must battle tasks. From the perspective of current income, poor village, the poor generally lack strong industrial support, most rely on service revenue, along with the deepening
其内在美，闪光之点，以此作为抒情之突破口，这样才能牵动
情丝，激起热情，抒高尚之情，抒美好之情。
三、主题要明确，线索要明了
抒情类文章一般来说取材广泛自由，不受时空限制，表现
方法灵活多样，不拘一格。但不论怎样自由、怎样灵活、怎样
广泛，一篇文章必须有一个明确的中心，有一根明了的线索。
感情充沛并不等于感情泛滥，乱无头绪，借景物抒情，也并不
随意借取毫无取舍，而是要情感真挚，围绕主题，抒发自己的
真情实感。
四、结构灵活多样，围绕主题合理安排
人常说，文无定法，的确如此。行文中在何处抒情最佳呢?
这要具体问题具体对待，围绕主题合理安排。有的把抒情放在
具体、充分的描写之后；有的则开篇先是抒情，然后以情牵事
物，再作具体描述；还有的则是在叙述、描写的同时融进强烈
的感情，于字里行间进行感情的自然渗透。
五、借助丰富联想和想象，做到虚实相生
好的抒情类文章，总以情动人，而以情动人的文章，往往
离不开联想和想象。联想和想象就好像闪光的彩翼，有了它，
如同插上了一双翅膀，神驰遐想，浮想联翩，写人记事，能把
境界开拓得更加深远，抒情状物，能把事物描写得更加生动。
作文时只有抓住一点，发生联想和想象，就能思如泉涌，妙笔
3
word/media/image2.gif
alleviation"eight
a
botcrucialh" and
further
municipdevelopment
al "six
a
into",
to
a
accelerate
nd "six bigthesupprocessport" ofofde
well-off
cision de
society
ployme
has
nt, ccreatedoncentr
a
agreatted reopportunity.lease has man
18
y
p
since
olicythegoo
Central
d. In paandrticu
provincial
lar Gansu Spovertyilk Road
alleviation
economicandbeltdevelopmentof gold and he
into
ritag
the
e
ooverallf Chines
strategic
e
civilizat
planning,
ion constrpriorityuction
of
and
ad
"first
vancinproject",
g
the innovation zon
formulated
a
e,seriesjingchofua
policies
n
based
now
adva
focus,
ntage,
development
create node
cities and
measures
p
have
rovid
all
e
a
been
broaclear.der spWeace wantin cortoe
areas.
seize
the
From
opportunity,
I
County proprecisionject resoapplicationurces see, nstrategy,ational ec
focus
ologic
punch,
al civilizbreak
ation"supportpilot engi
...
ne
,
e
Supports
ring modethe
l
Co
development
unty and cyclofe
econ
old
revolutionary
omic model Co
and
untay seriestwo
a
nofat
policy
ional
p
measures
roject lanindin
areas
g
imp
such
leme
as
nta
infrastructure,
tion, will in coupublicntry
p
services,
rovince lepromotingvel won
more
high
s
standards,
upport; Pin
support,
gliang toandjingmorechuan
opportunities
city inter fast
for
cha
us
nntoel,
accelerate
and xiping
development,
railway double
provide
track,
m
greater
ajor prosupport.ject into
From
provi
provinces
nces plate
policy
,
will fuorientedrther up
see,
grad"1236"e
I
Coun
poverty
ty trafficstorming,
hub and andchan
"6873"
nel ecotrafficnomic breakthrough,status; paper
Brigad
and
"6363"
e
integ
water
rated
body, and Zh
guarantees,
major
u
Jia Ji
action
an rese
speed
rvoir, upand
implementation,
agricultural PV
p
ecological
ower, andsecurity
gas utilizbarrier,ation,
a
and
nd clongomm
East
odity
energy
tradinchemicalg and thebase
agricconstruction,ultural wholes
major
ale ma
strategy
rket, andintensive
M
introduced,
illion tonneands of cprovincialontrolled
"eight
atmospah
change",
ere fruit andand
freezingof structu
and
ral rdryingeformfood, low
production
skills, hard wline,orka
will becom
number
of
emajorincreaprojectssingly dif
implemented,
ficult, labor inc
handicap,
ome jumpLiumo
Lihe
re areservoirnd more
project
work
smoothly,
these
projects
originated
from
the
"Twelve-Five"
continue
to
accumulate,
to
develop
their
potential
in
the
"Thirteen-Five"
concentrated
during
release.
Orient,
is
to
deepen
the
understanding
of
accurate.
After
years
of
the
revision,
development
of
jingchuan
stand
on
a
new
historical
starting
point,
features
of
economic
and
social
development
has
changed significantly. Comprehensive construction of well-off society in entering the showdown to win stage, dual action and poor precision, driven by County poverty dropped from 37.5% to 11.2%. Full implementation of the "1+17", "2+19" programme, ensure the timely realization of poverty, poor people to achieve well-off society, we must battle tasks. From the perspective of current income, poor village, the poor generally lack strong industrial support, most rely on service revenue, along with the deepening
生花，情感丰富，虚实相生，深化主题。但是要记住，联想和
想象必须有所依托，必须合情合理，并不是胡思乱想。例如：
朱自清的《梅雨潭》一课中“这个亭踞在突出的一角的岩石上，
上下都空空的，仿佛一只苍鹰展着翼翅浮在天宇中一般”和
“那溅着的水花，晶莹而多芒，远望去像一朵朵小小的白梅，
微雨似的纷纷落着”等都是丰富的联想。
六、抒情要健康、优美，有真情实感
月有阴晴圆缺，人有悲欢离合，酸甜苦辣的生活赐予人
们喜怒哀乐的情感。然而生活在美好的社会主义国家里，我们
会感到无比幸福和温暖，所以我们要抒人民大众之情，社会主
义之情，民族自豪之情，这才是积极健康、高尚乐观、充满信
心和力量的感情。我们的民族之情也应体现在祖国的一山一水、
一草一木、一人一事上。这种感情来自正确的政治观点、高尚
的道德情操，我们必须关心生活，热爱生活，加强思想教育，
抒发自己内心的真情实感，唤起人们对美好生活的热爱和对崇
高理想的追求。“情到深处文自工”，作文只有真情打造，才会
闪现出诱人的光彩！没有真情，再华美的文字也会苍白无力；
没有真情，再严谨的结构也会不堪一击；没有真情，再丰富的
材料也会索然无味。真情无限，亲情、友情、师生情，情情动
人；真情无边，登山则情满于山，观海则情溢于海，情情飞扬。
作文要想出彩，要想感人，千万别丢掉真情。真情，永远是作
文的灵魂！
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七、语言要优美、流畅、自然
抒情性的文章多是肺腑之言，有浓重的感情色彩，蕴含着
丰富多彩的内容。因此语言一定要优美流畅、亲切自然，具有
动人心弦的魅力，否则会损害文章的表现力。这就要求学生们
在语言锤炼上多下功夫。有时还可以运用一些修辞，修辞好比
语言中的盐，善于运用修辞手法，语言就会有味道，让人越品
越香。在作文中，有意识地运用比喻、拟人、排比、反复、夸
张、设问、反问等修辞手法，不仅能使文章生动形象，收到某
种特殊的表达效果，尤其能有效帮助我们表情达意，抒写感受，
增加作文的亮点。
八、一般以第三人称为主
有时为了直接倾吐强烈的心声，加强文章的亲切感与感染
力，也可用第二人称或第一人称。但要注意的是，在一篇文章
中前后的人称一定要一致。
相信我们做到了以上几点，一定能够写出优秀的抒情文章。
5
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