[D] The goals most people set are unrealistic.
2.What does Maurice Schweitzer want to show by citing the example of Enron?
[A] Setting realistic goals can turn a failing business into success.
4.考霸解析：正确答案为[C] 。事实细节题。定位句表明，Schweitzer的研究团队利用新闻报道作为证据来证明他的上，故答案为A 。
A recurring criticism of the UK's university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products concentrated: less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and licence income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities.
The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of
4. What does the author suggest research-led universities do?
[A] Publicise their research to win international recognition.
[B] Fully utilise their research to benefit all sectors of society.
[C] Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.
的，不到25%的大学获得了75%的研究基金；第五段末句总结：很明显，在科研和商业化操作上的集中导致了大学好地发挥作用",也就是技术转让和研究生教育这两个方面。故答案为C。
At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of
1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
影响下，本土低技术工人很难获得高工资。故C项正确。
"[A] It may change the existing social structure.
[B] It may pose a threat to their economic status.
[C] It may lead to social instability in the country.
[D] It may place a great strain on the state budget.
4.考霸解析：正确答案为[D] 。在那些外来移民数量多、社会福利优厚的州，高技术、受到较好教育的雇员的反对最为强烈。他们最大的担心是外来移民带来的财政负担。故D项正确。
5.考霸解析：正确答案为[C] 。根据题干关楗词the irony,debate定位到最后一段第一句：The irony is that for all the 哦verexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal.具有讽刺意义的是，尽管争论非常激烈，外来移民的净影响其实微乎其微。故C项正确。make a fuss的意思是"大惊小怪，小题大做"。
can do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do.
It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both.
1.In the early 20th century Americans believed science and technology could _______.
们可以推断出是选C选项。 A和D选项比较容易排除。不选B选项，因为文章中 "India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership." seem to 表明这几个国家只是有种趋势，但还没有have overtaken。
4. 考霸解析：正确答案为[A]。细节题。我们在第三段里可以找到答案。 从"…are seriously underfunded…" "Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members…" 这些信息中，可以很快知道是A选项。
5. 考霸解析：正确答案为[C]。细节题。作者为什么如此着重人文主义的研究，其他三项都是非常具体的，且都不是重点。只有C选项符合。且我们从最后这一句 "But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values." 及作者的语气可以更加确定是C选项。
Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasn't benefits-as they clearly do-the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer.
1. What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph?
[A] America is now the only developed country without the policy.
[B] It has now become a hot topic in the United States.
案，答案A中developed是wealthy的同义阐述。
2. 考霸解析：正确答案为[D]。由文章第二段可看出，美国商会和其他商业团体常常对于美国关于平衡工作与家庭不加之以社会责任的话，便是忽视良好教养所产生的社会效应……这里的collective responsibility指的就是一种社会责任，意指良好教养是一个需要全社会共同努力的事业，因为其带来的社会效应是巨大的。因此作者反对将养育孩子仅仅作为个人选择来看待。作者需要的是collective responsibility，因此答案选D，因为教养孩子是一种社会事业。该题是带概括性质的题。
A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) at Tufts University shows that today's youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes. But there's no easy way to see what those figures mean in real life. During the presidential campaign, Barack Obama assembled a racially and ideologically diverse coalition with his message of hope and change; as the reality of life under a [B] The young generation supports traditionally liberal causes.
[C] Young voters played a decisive role in Obama's election.
[D] Young people in America are now more diverse ideologically.
2.What is a main concern of the writers of Generation O?
[A] How Obama is going to live up to young people's expectations.
[B] Whether America is going to change during Obama's presidency.
否会继续支持奥巴马。因此此题选Ｃ项。
3.考霸解析：正确答案为[D]。本题问"O"代人的博客会写什么东西。文章第二段中说会记录美国人的生活，看新的总统和他的政府会如何影响人民的生活，也就是记录奥巴马政府怎样影响人民的生活，因此此题选Ｄ项。
4.考霸解析：正确答案为[C]。本题问在Henry Flores看来，是什么原因造成年轻一代开始有一定的政治优势。文章最后一段告诉我们互联网使年轻人接触更多的思想，也使不同地区有着同样想法的人聚集起来，因此本题选C。
5.考霸解析：正确答案为[D]。本题问从本段话中我们可以推断出"X"代人有什么特征。文章最后一段的倒数第二句话说"boomer"摆脱了从他们父母身上继承的冷漠的（apathy）一面，由此可见"X"代人是冷漠的，因此本题选D
Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.
Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.
A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries（老年医保受惠人）. The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors-two primary care physicians and five specialists-in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don't guarantee better care. In fact, studies show that increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.
How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they [A] the inadequate training of physicians
[B] the declining number of doctors
[C] the shrinking primary care resources
[D] the ever-rising health care costs
2. We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that ______ .
[A] the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure
[B] seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors
[C] visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good health
[D] the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better
3. Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to ______ .
[A] increase their income by working overtime
[B] improve their expertise and service
[C] make various deals with specialists
[D] see more patients at the expense of quality
4. Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career?
[A] They find the need for primary care declining.
[C] Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.
[D] Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major.
5.考霸解析：正确答案为[A] 。本题考察作者对改善医疗现状的建议。文章在第七段提问：How to fix this problem? 第八段给出了一系列答案。此处所提及的"this problem"就是指美国初级护理业的衰退。由该段最后一句中的reconciling the marked disparity between specialist and primary care physician salaries 可知A项"消除专家医生和普通医生的薪水差距"为解决措施之一。
Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a [A] By its productivity.
[B] By its sustainability.
[C] By its impact on the environment.
[D] By its contribution to economic growth.
2. Specialization and the effort to increase yields have resulted in ________.
[A] Localized pollution
[B] the shrinking of farmland
[C] Competition from overseas
[D] the decrease of biodiversity
3. What does the author think of traditional farming practices?
[A] They have remained the same over the centuries.
确。
4.考霸解析：正确答案为[A] 。根据题干关键词agriculture,21st century定位到原文第五段第一、二句。21世纪的农业将与20世纪的农业大相径庭，并引发人们的深刻思考。21世纪的农业既然要与20世纪的农业大不一样，那就必须经过根本性的变化。故A项正确。
5.考霸解析：正确答案为[D] 。本题考查文章的主旨大意。文章在最后一段指出，意识到农业可持续发展不仅指可持续的粮食产量，这一点至关重要，可见作者旨在督促人们思考农业可持续发展的真正内涵。故D项正确。
You hear the refrain all the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesn't feel good. Why doesn't ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent (富裕的) Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.
The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, "hunger, sickness, and cold" threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. "Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours." After World War II, the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.
To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn't really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctively-and wrongly-labeled government only as "a necessary evil."
It's often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich-overpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people's incomes are [D] What lies behind an economic boom.
2.According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because ________.
[A] public spending hasn't been cut down as expected
[B] the government has proved to be a necessary evil
[C] they are in fear of another Great Depression
[D] materialism has run wild in modern society
3.Why do people feel squeezed when their average income rises considerably?
[A] Their material pursuits have gone far ahead of their earnings.
[B] Their purchasing power has dropped markedly with inflation.
[C] The distribution of wealth is uneven between the r5ich and the poor.
[D] Health care and educational cost have somehow gone out of control.
4.What does Louis Uchitelle mean by "the disposable American" (Line 3, Para. 5)?
[A] Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.
"一次性的美国人"，言外之意就是人们不再有稳定的工作。故D项符合题意。
5.考霸解析：正确答案为[C] 根据题干关键词affluence， American society定位到原文倒数第三段最后一句话Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.由此可知，财富带来了新的抱怨和矛盾。题干中的brought to与文中的creats同义，C项中的conflict与文中的contradiction同义，意为“矛盾”。
The use of deferential (敬重的) language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan. This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts. The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she "treads softly (谨言慎行)in the world," elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form.
Nowadays, it is commonly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic (语言的) ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential "women's" forms, and even using the few strong forms that are known as "men's." This, of course, attracts considerable attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of women's language. Indeed, we didn't hear about "men's language" until people began to respond to girls' appropriation of forms normally reserved for boys and men. There is considerable sentiment about the "corruption" of women's language-which of course is viewed as part of the loss of feminine ideals and morality-and this sentiment is crystallized by
[C] They confuse male and female forms of language.
[D] They employ very strong linguistic expressions.
3.How do some people react to women's appropriation of men's language forms as reported in the Japanese media?
[A] They call for a campaign to stop the defeminization.
[B] The see it as an expression of women's sentiment.
[C] They accept it as a modern trend.
[D] They express strong disapproval.
4.According to Yoshiko Matsumoto, the linguistic behavior observed in today's young women ________.
[A] may lead to changes in social relations
[B] has been true of all past generations
[C] is viewed as a sign of their maturity
[D] is a result of rapid social progress
5.The author believes that the use of assertive language by young Japanese women is ________.
[A] a sure sign of their defeminization and maturation
[B] an indication of their defiance against social change
身上发现的语言行为现象是指年轻女子可能从来不像年长的妇女一样使用那么多高度尊敬的用语，而这一现象可能引起社会关系的变化。
5.考霸解析：正确答案为[C]。 根据题干关键词assertive language, young Japanese women定位到原文最后一段第四句：Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete with in schools and out,作者通过Katsue Reynolds表达自己的观点，即：年轻女性越来越少使用敬语是她们与男性竞争的一个策略。
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