简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题
一、句子成份
英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
Country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。1)简单谓语： We study for the people. 2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing..
3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
My sister is a nurse.
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
It began to rain.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink.
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him our monitor(班长).
5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street
His father named him David.（名词）
They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh（新鲜的） air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing（发展中） country; America is a developed（发达） country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His progress（进步）in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor（班长） is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
He is reading an article(文章) about how to learn English.（介词短语）
7、状语: 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in London.
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is sorry to trouble(麻烦) you.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Once（一旦0 you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. His job is to train swimmers.
5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
6. His wish is to become a scientist.
7. He wants to finish the work in time.
8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.
9. He found it important to master English.
10. Do you have anything else to say?
11. Would you please tell me your address?
12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.
15. The apples tasted sweet.
简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构 主语 ＋ 不及物动词S十V十P主系表结构 主语 ＋ 连系动词 ＋表语
S十V十O主谓宾结构 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
判断类型和句子成分：
She came． She likes English. She is happy．
The teacher asked me to read the passage. She bought a book for me.
She gave John a book． My head aches.
She makes her mother angry． The sun was shining. The moon rose.
They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。 Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。 His face turned red. 他的脸红了。
Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？ He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。He bought you a dictionary.
She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。I showed him my pictures. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。 What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？The children are playing happily. The Greens enjoy living in China.
He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。
The apple pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。
基本句型一： S十V主谓结构
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise,如： 学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________
基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎)
A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。1) We should __________ __________ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。2) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_________________________________________________.
B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：
1) Spring comes. It is ______________________________. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
2) Don't have the food. _______________________________.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。
基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构
1) 我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________.
2）They have ________ ________ _________ of the children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。
基本句型四: S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构 间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。 间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有： buy, choose, make, order, paint, play(演奏)， sing,等。
1）Yesterday her father _______________ ________ _____ ____________ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。2) The old man ___ ________ ____ __________ _________ in the Long March. (正在给孩子们讲故事)
这种句型还可转换为： 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ for/ to sb. 3) Please show me your picture. ==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____. 请把你的画给我看一下。 4) I _______ _______ the salt. = I _______the salt _____ _____. 我把书递给他。
基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call（叫）, choose（选）, find（发现）, make, name(命名)
1）Keep ________________________________, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。2）They painted ______ ______ ________. 他们把门漆成绿色。3) We must ______ ______ ________ ______. 我们必须保持我们的学校洁。4) He asked me _______ ________ ________ soon. 他要我早点回来。5）我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。______________________________________________.
注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面接动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：6）The boss ________ _______ _________ all day. (迫使他劳动) 7) We saw _____ ____ _____. (他出去)。
考点突破训练
1. I am sorry to have kept you______ A to wait B wait C waited D waiting
2. I felt somebody ______ me. A touch B touched C to touch D touches
3. He taught me _____ speak English. A how should B how C how can I D how to
4. I shall make your dream ______. A coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true
5. He told _____ home. A us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go
6. I think _____ a good habit to get up early. A this B it C that D its
7. Roses in bloom smell ______. A sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness
8. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold
9. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet
10. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter
11. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we
12. I think _____necessary（必要的） to learn English well.
A. its B. it C. that D. that is
13. The dog ____ mad（疯的）.
A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked
判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
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