天安门中英文导游词

北京天安门中英文导游词

Tian’anmen Rostrum

Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)

2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.

3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.

4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.

5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.

Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.

The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.

The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.

The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.

The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely.

In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration.

On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chine\a. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper.

Tian’anmen Square

Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st.

Around the Square are several famous buildings:

1 The Great Hall of the People

This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.

2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution

These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:

1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC);

2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);

3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.);

4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)

The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.

3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes

the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value.

On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.

At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are:

1) The Burning of Opium in 1840:

2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;

3) The Revolution of 1911;

4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919;

5) The May 30th Movement of 1925;

6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;

7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;

8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”.

4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum

Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.

The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children.

Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country.

In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him.

On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country.

Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999.

各位游客朋友：

我们我们现在已经来到了天安门广场。大家可以看一下，我们现在的位置是在天安门广场南北方向的中轴线上，距我们南面的人民英雄纪念碑大约有100米左右的距离。 我们今天在天安门广场游览的时间是30分钟。

大家向我这里聚一下，我先给大家简要介绍一下天安门广场的主要景观。 （手势，向北指）大家先向这边看。（稍停顿，待游客目光集中于手指方向）我爱北京--天-安-门。一会儿，我会向大家详细介绍天安门的的沧桑历史。除了天安门城楼外，我还要向您介绍天安门前的金水桥、以及桥前的华表和石狮。 大家回一下头，您看到了，这就是庄严挺拔的人民英雄纪念碑了，随后我也将向您讲一讲她的故事。纪念碑南边的建筑就是"毛主席纪念堂"，我们今天的行程没有安排大家瞻仰毛主席遗容，如果您有意去的话，可以告诉我，我会尽量满足您的愿望。 天安门广场东侧的建筑是中国革命历史博物馆，这里陈列了大量珍贵的革命历史文物。和她相对着的，（手势，向西指）西边的这座建筑，就是非常著名的"人民大会堂"。关于她，一会儿我也会向您做详细介绍。

好好好，大家现在可以在广场上拍照留念。拍照前我给大家提个醒，大家尽量避免站在这条中轴线上拍照，旗杆可能会影响您的拍摄效果。另外，大家如果在纪念碑前拍照的话，建议您到纪念碑的那一侧去拍，在这边是逆光，会影响照片的效果。给大家10分钟时间，拍完照请到这里集合，我在这里等大家.

下面我首先为大家介绍一下天安门城楼。 天安门原为明清两代皇城的正门，始建于明永乐十五年（1417），最初叫做承天门，取"承天启运，受命于天"之意。清顺治八年（1651年）重修而改名天安门，含"受命于天"和"安邦治民"的意思。至今已有580多年的历史了，是全国重点文物保护单位。 天安门城楼，建筑在巨大条石砌成的须弥座式城台上，造型庄重浑厚，宏伟典雅，是中国传统建筑艺术的典型代表作之一。城楼通高34.7米。城台上的大殿宽九楹（62.77米），进深五楹（27.25米），象征封建帝王的"九五"至尊。大殿为重檐歇山式，朱墙黄琉璃瓦顶。南面设有菱花隔扇门、窗36扇，殿内外立有直径2米的巨柱60根，天花、斗拱、梁枋等处、均绘满了最高等级的金龙和玺彩画，金碧辉煌，极为雄伟壮观。

1988年的元旦，天安门城楼正式对外向游客开放。 在天安门高大的暗红城墙中辟有五个券洞门，明清时代，这里的门、桥行走规制森严，中门为皇帝进出专用。皇帝每年冬至往天坛祭天，夏至去地坛祭地，孟春赴先农坛耕籍田，都要出入天安门。那么，在当时，是不是只有皇帝一人才能进出中门呢？这位朋友答的对，不是。大家知道还有什么人可以走这里吗？（稍做停顿）让我来告诉大家。此外，皇帝的父母可从中门入宫；皇帝大婚，皇后可从中门进入一次；新科状元等"金殿传胪"后，可从中门出宫一回。除此之外，严禁任何人进出，否则是要治重罪的。中门左右的两座旁门，供宗室王公和三品以上文武百官通行。过去天安门是座只进喜，不出丧的吉祥之门

好好天安门的设计者是蒯（kuǎi）祥。蒯祥是江苏吴县人，明初洪武年间生于木匠家庭，他的父亲是一位有名望的木工师傅，能主建大型工程。蒯祥受父亲影响，从小学艺，勤奋好学，聪慧过人，三十来岁时，已成为才华出众的木工匠师了。 燕王朱棣，也就是后来的永乐皇帝，经"靖难之役"取得帝位后，决定从南京迁都北京。永乐四年至十八年（1406-1420），明成祖朱棣调集全国各地的能工巧匠前来北京营建工程巨大、难度极高的天安门（初名承天门）等宏伟建筑。蒯祥以高超的设计方案和精湛的建筑技艺，被推选为皇宫工程的建筑设计师。当时人们尊称他为"蒯鲁班"。蒯祥曾担任建筑皇家宫殿的官吏，直至工部左侍郎等官职，为中国的民族建筑艺术创下了光辉的业绩。

天安门是明清两朝历代帝王"金凤颁诏"的重地，凡遇国家庆典、新帝即位、皇帝结婚、册立皇后，都需要在此举行"颁诏"仪式。届时于城楼大殿前正中设立宣诏台。由礼部尚书在紫禁城太和殿奉接皇帝诏书，盖上御宝，把诏书敬放在云盘内，捧出太和门，置于抬着的龙亭内，再出午门，登上天安门城楼。然后将诏书恭放于宣诏台上，由宣诏官进行宣读。文武百官按等级依次排列于金水桥南，面北而跪恭听。宣诏完毕，就把皇帝诏书衔放在一只木雕金凤的嘴里，再用黄绒绳从上系下，礼部官员托着朵云盘在下跪接，接着用龙亭将诏书抬到礼部，经黄纸誊写，分送各地，布告天下。这种颁发封建帝王圣旨礼仪的全过程，就叫做"金凤颁诏"。

好好我国古代有"人生四喜"的说法，也就是"久旱逢甘霖，他乡遇故知，洞房花烛夜，金榜题名时。现在，问大家一个有意思的问题，哪位朋友知道，金榜题名的金榜张贴在什么地方？（稍停，待游客猜测）到底在哪里呢？请听我下文分解。 明清时代盛行科举制度，每逢殿试后的第三天，新考中的进士们恭立于天安门金水桥南，等候传呼他们进太和殿朝拜皇帝的礼仪，名叫"金殿传胪"。当在太和殿传胪唱名后，礼部官员捧着皇帝钦定的"黄榜"，带领新科状元、榜眼、探花们出午门，再将黄榜放在龙亭内，在鼓乐仪仗的簇拥下抬出天安门，将黄榜张贴于"龙门"，也就是当时的长安左门外的"龙棚"里，公布天下，这里就是张贴金榜的地方，长安左门的位置大致是现在的劳动人民文化宫门前东南侧。 天安门历经沧桑，在新中国成立后，更焕发出了耀人的光彩。1949年的10月1日，毛泽东主席在天安门城楼上向全世界宣布了社会主义新中国的诞生，天安门不再是至高无上的封建皇权的象征，而成为了一个新生的人民民主国家的标志，在国徽图案的中央，我们可以看到这座庄严雄伟的建筑。建国以后，这里成为国家举行重大庆典活动的场所，特别是每逢国庆，党和国家领导人都要登上天安门城楼主持庆典并和各界群众联欢。

天安门前的金水河又称御河、外金水河。河上横跨七座石桥，中桥正对天安门的中门，叫御路桥，最宽大，雕龙修饰，供帝、后专用。两旁桥名"王公桥"，为宗室王公行走。外侧的两桥称"品级桥"，供三品以上官员通行。以上五桥均为三孔。位于太庙（今劳动人民文化宫）和社稷坛（今中山公园）门前的单孔石桥，叫"公生桥"，为四品以下官员过往。那时门、桥行走等级森严，不得有丝毫触犯。

天安门前，也是明清两代进行"秋审"和"朝审"的地方。封建王朝的最高执法机关--刑部衙门，每年五月要把全国各省被判死刑的囚犯名单汇集起来，敬呈皇帝过目。八月中旬，皇帝诏令有关官员在天安门前进行最后判决，这叫秋审。朝审则在霜降后举行，主要终审在北京刑部监狱里关押的死刑犯。这就是为什么以前被判处死刑的人要"秋后问斩"。凡经"秋审"、"朝审"判处死刑的人，立即推出"虎门"--长安右门，押赴宣武门外的菜市口等刑场处决。因此人们对长安左、右门，有"龙门"与虎门之称。即凡出"'龙门"者，荣登金榜，前程似锦；而押出"虎门"者，则被终判死罪，毫无生还之望。长安右门的位置大致是在现中山公园门前西南侧。

在天安门南北门外，分别耸立有一对雕刻精美、挺拔秀丽的云龙华表。据《淮南子·主术训》记载，远在尧舜时代就有街头设"表木"的做法，用以王者"纳谏"，征求民众意见以治天下。到秦汉时期，表木被改为指路标，叫华表。后来华表经不断美化，便逐渐演变成为中国独具民族建筑特色的艺术装饰品，深为世人所青睐。 " "系神话传说中的神异物，用汉白玉石雕成蹲于每支华表顶端的承露盘中，双目炯炯有神，密切注视前方。于天安门里的" "脸朝北，双目紧盯皇宫，名"望君出"，它提醒皇帝不要迷恋深宫生活，而应及时出宫巡视，以利治理天下。在天安门外一对华表的" "则脸朝南，双目向远方眺望，名"望君归"。它时时关注皇帝外巡中的行为举止，如不检点或时间长了，"望君归"就呼唤帝王不得沉米山水、野趣、而应早日回宫，料理国家大事。

好好天安门金水桥前的这一对大石狮，雕工精绝，造型逼真，威武异常。它们的双目都紧紧注视着天安门前正中的御道（中轴线），以体现它们是封建帝王忠实的卫士身份。 朋友们来看西边的这一只石狮，它的肚皮上有一个深深的洞，这是怎么回事呢？这里有一个很有传奇色彩的故事，据说明代崇祯十七年（1644年）四月，农民起义军首领闯王李自成攻打北京时，当他率军冲进天安门前的"T"形广场后，只见皇城的大门--"承天门"就在眼前。对此，他愤怒地拈弓搭箭，只听"嗖…."的一声，正射中承天门匾额的"天"字，顿时众军喝彩，欢声雷动，随后李闯王收起硬弓，挺枪跃马一直奔金水桥冲杀过去。突然，桥头的两只大石狮张牙舞爪，凶猛阻挡去路。闯王见此怒不可遏，挺枪刺去，即刻火花四溅，长枪戳向了一只狮子的腹部。双狮见势不妙，拖着悲惨的哀鸣声，各自退回了原位。现在的这个洞，就是枪伤疤了。

朋友们，我们面前的这条街就是有"神州第一街"美誉的长安街。 长安街，当年从长安左门至东单牌楼，名东长安街；从长安右门至西单牌楼，叫西长安街。古时东西长安街仅3.7公里，有十里长街之称，这是京城历史上有名的"天街"，其名取自盛唐时代的大都城--"长安"，含长治久安的之意。 长安街修筑于明朝永乐四年至十八年（1406-1420），与皇城同时建造，是明代兴建北京城总体规划的重要组成部分之一。东西平行走向的长安街，与纵横南北八公里长的御道中轴线，在天安门前正好垂直相交成准确的"十"字型经纬座标中心点，从而构成了北京城座北朝南，街巷纵横的总体布局。 原东、西长安左、右门前分别均竖有巨型下马碑，上刻"官员人等，到此下马。"古代皇宫内是严禁骑马的，除非是"金殿传胪"时的新科状元，可骑皇帝御赐的高头大马，在长安街上走过，以示"皇恩浩荡"。 清王朝灭亡后，内城墙中东西两侧的建国门与复兴门在民国二十九年（1940）被打开的。 新中国成立以后，街面被展宽为50-100米，东西长安街的延伸线东达通州，西抵石景山，总长50公里，有百里长街的美称。 大家现在随我通过地下通道去天安门广场，上下台阶时请您注意安全。 （天安门广场）

我们现在处的这个位置是天安门广场，位于北京城的中心。其南北长880米，东西宽500米，占地面积44万平方米。可容纳100万人举行盛大的集会、游行，是当今世界上最宏大的城市中心广场和最著名的旅游胜地之一。 在明清时代，天安门广场是一处皇家禁地，由宫墙围护，仅设三门。即南有大明门（清朝改称大清门，辛亥革命后叫中华门）、东有长安左门、西有长安右门。三门之间形成一个封闭式的"T"字形宫廷广场，原是天安门前举行皇家活动的重要场所。 在"T"形广场的东、西、南三面，当时建有通脊联檐的朝房144间，名叫"千步廊"，以供场内活动之用。清代乾隆年间，又在东、西长安左、右门外加筑"三座门"，严禁行人过往。那时人们来往于东城和西城之间，需要绕行于大清门以南或地安门以北，极为不便。 在天安门"T"形广场东、西千步廊外的大片地带，原是明清两代皇家最高官署衙门的集结之地。如：东侧（今历史博物馆一带）有礼部、户部、吏部、工部、兵部、宗人府、鸿胪寺、钦天监和太医院等中央文职机关。西侧（人民大会堂一带）设有銮仪卫（御林军）太常寺、通政司和前、中、后、左、右五军都督府等武职机构。过去有"文东武西"和"东掌生、西掌死"之说，指的就是这些关系到人们生死荣辱的封建王朝的最高权力衙门而言。 明清两朝，从天安门"T"形广场南端的大明门（清时叫大清门，今毛主席纪念堂一带）至正阳门之间，有一块方形场地，宛如棋盘，故有"棋盘街"之名。当年人们喜爱在此贩卖风味小吃、小百货，以及表演戏曲、杂耍等，情似庙会，非常热闹。由于这里位置显要、威严，人们能在此经商、娱乐，的确非同一般，所以又有"小天街"的美称。 新中国成立后，过去的千步廊和长安左、右门等均被拆除，几经扩展修建，从而造就了当今天安门广场的非凡新姿。 为喜迎建国50周年的大庆典，天安门广场被整修一新。地面全部用平整漂亮的花岗岩条石铺砌，东西两侧各辟有一块4800平方米的大草坪。广场中的各式华灯及四周的高大建筑物等，均已进行大修饰。 1999年10月1日，天安门广场举行了新中国50华诞的盛大庆典，国家主席江泽民在天安门城楼上发表了重要讲话，并检阅了盛况空前的阅兵式和群众大游行。晚上，广场中礼花怒放，歌舞飞扬，人们沉浸在无比幸福欢乐的海洋之中！ 请看在广场北端雄踞的天安门城楼。天安门前高高飘扬的五星红旗。巍峨的人民英雄纪念碑。庄严肃穆的毛主席纪念堂，高大典雅的正阳门城楼与箭楼（俗称大前门）。这些宏伟的古今建筑群，自北而南座落在一条中轴线上，十分瞩目。再加上广场西侧的人民大会堂，东侧的中国革命历史博物馆的有力衬托，整个广场构成了一幅气势磅礴，无比壮观的动人画卷。雄伟的天安门广场是中华民族的光辉标志，是新中国振兴腾飞的象征。由于这里政治地位显赫，历史文化内涵极其丰富多彩，所以举世闻名，万众向往。每天都有无数中外游人前来这里观光游览、摄影留念和观瞻每日早、晚的升、降国旗仪式，整个广场呈现一派祥和、幸福的美好景象。

（人民英雄纪念碑）

人民英雄纪念碑是在1949年9月30日召开的中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议上决定兴建的。1952年8月1日动工，1958年5月1日揭幕。来中国访问的外国元首，常在此敬献花圈。 这是一座为中国之最的纪念碑，碑身高37.94米，碑座占地3000平方米。须弥座式的双层月台，用汉白玉石雕栏环绕。碑心石长14.7米，宽2.9米，厚1米，重60吨，是用产自青岛崂山的整块紫灰色花岗石雕成。碑顶为民族建筑风格的 顶式，显得十分庄严稳重，挺拔壮丽。 碑身正面镌刻有毛主席题写的"人民英雄永垂不朽"八个镏金大字。碑背面是由毛泽东主席撰文，周恩来总理书写的碑文： "三年以来在人民解放军战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽 三十年以来人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽 由此上溯到一千八百四十年从那时起为了反对内外敌人争取民族独立和人民自由幸福在历次斗争中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽" 碑座四周镶嵌有8幅汉白玉石大浮雕。从东面起按历史顺序排列为："虎门销烟"、"金田起义"、"武昌起义"、"五四运动"、"五卅运动"、"南昌起义"、"抗日游击战争"和"胜利渡长江"。最后一块的两旁，装饰有两幅浮雕，即"支援前线"和"欢迎人民解放军"。每块浮雕高2米，总长40.68米，人物170个，生动概括地反映了中国近百年来人民革命的伟大史实，表彰了人民英雄们千古不朽的光辉业绩。

（人民大会堂）

我们现在已经来到了人民大会堂，这里是全国人民代表大会举行会议共商国事的重地，党和国家及人民群众重要的政治、文化活动场所。 人民大会堂建于1958年10月至1959年8月，完全由中国人自行设计兴建，仅用10个月竣工，其建筑平面呈"山"字形，南北长336米，东西宽206米，中央最高46.5米，占地15公顷，建筑面积171800平方米。周围共有廊柱134根，正门（东门）台阶高5米，宽度83米，有擎天廊柱12根，均用天然大理石镶砌。请大家抬头看一下人民大会堂上悬挂的国徽，这枚国徽在阳光的照耀下熠熠生辉。它是在2001年的8月被换上去的，替换下已悬挂了42年之久的木制国徽。这枚新国徽为钢结构，外面为全铜板，最大处直径6.3米，重1吨多，表面部分贴有金箔，比原来的国徽更结实了。 大会堂主要由中部的万人大礼堂，北部的宴会大厅和南部的人大常委会办公楼三大部分组成。此外，还有各种会议厅、休息厅、办公室等300多个。其中有33个会议厅是以全国各省、自治区、直辖市和香港、澳门特别行政区命名的。 中央大厅位于东大门内，南北长76米，进深48米，高16米，占地3600平方米。内竖方柱20根，顶挂水晶玻璃大吊灯5盏，方柱与地面均用天然大理石镶砌。这是大会堂与会者休息、活动及举办节庆娱乐活动的极好场所，党和国家领导人，常在东门外广场或在该大厅举行迎宾仪式，热烈欢迎外国元首的光临。 大会堂的主体建筑，位于中心区域。其穹窿顶、大跨度、无立柱结构。三层座椅，层层梯升。声、电、光及空调等到设施先进，装修考究，十分宏伟壮丽，为新中国的现代建筑奇观之一。 该礼堂南北宽76米，东西进深60米，高32米。一层设座位3693个，二层3515个，三层2518个，主席台可设座300--500个，总计可容纳1万人。 礼堂平面呈扇面形，坐在任何一个位置上均可看到主席台。一层为代表席，每个座位均设有12种语言的译意风及电子表决器，代表们可即席发言或表决。二、三层每个座位中则装有小喇叭，均可清晰听到主席台的声音。 礼堂顶棚微微窿起，其与墙面呈圆弧型 ，形成"水天一色，浑然一体"之势。顶部中央饰有巨型红色五星灯，周围点缀有镏金的70道光芒线和40个葵花瓣，三环水波式暗灯槽，一环大于一环，象征中国革命从胜利走向更大的胜利。整个顶棚纵横密布有500个满天星灯，灯火齐明，宛如"众星捧月"、蔚为绚丽壮观。 在二楼中北部，这里是党和国家领导人在举行宴会之前，迎接外国贵宾以及进行宾主合影留念的地方。 厅正中挂有巨型国画："江山如此多娇"，其高6米，宽9米，是大会堂内最大的画幅。此画系我国著名画家关山月和傅抱石，以毛主席《沁园春·雪》词意创作而成，描绘了我们伟大祖国的锦秀河山。 该地毯是大会堂内最大的一块，宽16米，长23米，重3吨多，为天津地毯厂产品。两侧所摆高大花瓶，系福建产的脱胎漆器。厅前的大楼梯很有特色，其高8.5米，宽8米，分5组，共设台阶62个，全部用汉白玉大理石镶砌而成。楼梯顶棚采用玻璃砖自然采光，整个楼梯极显敞亮、宏大的豪华气派。 位于二楼的北端，是党和国家领导人举行盛大国宴和招待会的地方。其东西长102米，南北宽76米，高15米，面积7000多平方米，相当于一个国际足球场大小。这里可举办5000人的座席宴会或1万人的酒会。中、西餐厨房设于北面的东西两侧。面积巨大的宴会厅顶棚呈平面型 ，且无立柱支撑，这一精巧的科学建筑杰作，无不令中外人士叫绝。顶棚中心饰有绚丽的水晶玻璃灯及玻璃钢压花图案与彩色藻井，民族风格浓郁。宴会厅四周共有28根直径为一米的沥粉贴金廊柱，墙面为浅黄色。主席台是供宴会中主宾祝酒和表演助宴文艺节目而设置的。整个宴会厅气魄宏大、宽广明快、富丽堂皇。 此外大会堂中的各个地方会议厅，布置多姿多彩，各具特色。如四川厅的蜀绣和竹器工艺精品，湖南厅的湘绣，辽宁厅反映满族风情的大型陶瓷壁画，陕西厅的秦马俑，江西厅装饰的精美瓷器，台湾厅的宝岛风光油画等等艺术珍品，无不引人人胜，留连忘返。 好了，关于天安门广场就给大家介绍到这里，谢谢大家。

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