全新版大学英语课后练习答案

全新版大学英语课后练习答案

Unit 1

1.

2. Happy Moments and Events

1) Growing nearly all their fruits and vegetables.

2) canoeing, picnicking, long bicycle rides, etc.

3) keeping warm inside the house in winter

4) writing freelance articles

5) earning enough money while maintaining a happy family life.

Hardship

1) working hard both in winter and in summer

2) harsh environment and weather condition

3) anxious moments after the writer quit his job

4) cutting back on daily expenses

5) solitude

Vocabulary

1.

2.

Cut back/down pick up

Get by get through

Face up to turn in

Turning out think up

3.

1) While farming, Benneker pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy.

2) Misused words often generate misleading thoughts.

3) Lafayette Hotel is patronized by international celebrities drawn to its French food and service.

4) A person who thinks that money will do everything may well be suspected of doing everything for money.

4.

1) their indoor a profit to invest in

2) device the improvement scale

3) their household stacked temptation never dined out

word/media/image2.gif. Confusable words

1. house home

Home, family household

2. doubt suspected

Doubted suspected

Suspect

word/media/image3.gif. Word Formation

Structure

1.

1) when it comes to changing your life.

2) when it comes to such matters as keeping the room tidy.

3) when it comes to emotional intelligence

4) when it comes to managing minor matters

2.

1) Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong

2) but, unfortunately, money isn’t everything.

3) not all Americans like them

4) Not all People share the same interests

Comprehensive Exercises

1. Cloze A

2. Cloze B

2. Translation

A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened/set up a household equipment store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily because of/owing to/due to their desire to improve the quality of their lives.

But, to run a small business is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Once she could not even pick up the phone bill and had to ask her parents to loan her some money.

Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.

Unit 2

Text organization

Part 1 1-5 It is high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging the Underground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America.

Part 2 6-23 By citing examples the author praises the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Underground Railroad to freedom.

2. Story 1 (6-10)： After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other slaves to escape north to Canada to get freedom.

Story 2 (11-15): Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin helped black slaves to escape at huge risk to himself.

Story 3 (16-23): By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his destination and became free at last.

Vocabulary

2

3.

1) The Europeans are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their measures to protect the struggling American steel industry.

2) Clinton is, in the yes of Joe Klein, staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling.

3) There’s not much you can do if people are really intent on destroying themselves with drugs.

4) A different experience of the world could forge a completely different approach to life.

5) It is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social problems in the long run.

4.

1) as for, do not compel, captures of , have forged

2) would starve, at huge risk, on the mission, transport

3) Who abolished, liberated, In the eyes of, exploits.

ⅱ. Words with Multiple Meanings

1. I’ll tell you about my research project in a minute, but first let’s hear about your French trip.

2. Most McDonald’s look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 different basic designs.

3. Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can used to get through a financial crisis.

4. This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble; it’s always breaking down.

5. In your resume you’ve mentioned everything but one vital point.

6. Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem.

7. I am sorry, but I think you shouldn’t have delayed your homework.

8. The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance.

word/media/image3.gif. Usage

Structure

1.

1) A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.

2) Thus encouraged, we made a still bolder plan for the next year.

3) Our government has banned imports of cosmetics containing animal products from 18 countries, mostly in Europe, for fear that they could cause mad cow disease.

4) Having graduated from St. Mary’s College, Joyce applied to the University of California at Los Angeles.

2. 1) Often it is in overcoming hardships that we come to appreciate the value of life.

2) Some scientists believe that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and farmers’ incomes, reduce prices and help combat hunger and disease in the developing countries.

3) With repeated hackers’ attacks on our system, we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a computer-security expert.

4) Having conducted some surveys in Chinese kindergartens, Howard Gardner came to understand that the Chinese preferred “ teaching by holding the hand”.

Comprehensive Exercises

1. Cloze A

Close B

2. translation

Henson’s painful life as a slave strengthened his determination to struggle for freedom.

Shortly after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. In addition, later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.

Unit 3

Text Organization

1.

1)Doors are not left unlocked either in cities or in rural areas.

2). Dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires are widely in use.

3) Suburban families have steel bars built in sliding glass doors.

4) Small notices warning against burglary are commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant of homes

5) Access cards are required of those who work with medium to large-size companies.

6) Airport security uses electronic X-ray equipment to guard against terrorism.

7) Businessmen employ new machines linked up to their telephone to help determine whether the caller is telling lies or not.

8) Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their key chains.

2.

Vocabulary

1.

2.

3．

1）A certain gene which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by researchers at the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford.

2) A wardrobe with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their small bedroom look larger.

3) The NBC show’s opening shots feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January 1986---killing all seven crew.

4) Colds can be held at bay by increasing your intake of fruit and vegetables which are both low in calories and rich in Vitamin C.

5) Energy difficulties are a major barrier to the country’s economic growth due to the fact that imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange/because imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange.

4.

1) looked back on tranquil urban life

2) was puzzled stand for electronic rather

3) advertisements featuring his premises

word/media/image2.gif. Collocation

Away inside/in

Forward/through back

Off home

Back, down in, out

word/media/image3.gif. Usage

1. Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be.

2. Most men do not look unattractive in them.

3. Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment.

4. This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city’s violent crimes.

5. His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.

Structure

1.

1) It never occurred to me to ask him what was intended by that remark. I thought he was just joking.

2) It occurred to me that the names of their children—Rose, Lily and Daisy—were the names of flowers.

3) When he heard he say so, it occurred to him that for convenience he also could contact the local travel agency and ask them to take care of everything.

4) Has it never occurred to you that the problems in the Middle East are complicated and difficult to solve?

2.

1) If they don’t agree to work extra hours for no extra pay, chances are that they will be dismissed.

2) Research is being carried out on the disease and progress is being made at present. Chances are that there will be a cure within the next ten years.

3) If you are eating lots of fatty food, chances are that you’ll put on several pounds in a matter of weeks.

4) He left his office an hour ago but hasn’t got home yet. Chances are that he’s got stuck in a traffic jam.

Comprehensive Exercises

1. cloze A

2. Cloze B

word/media/image4.gif. Translation

A burglary is reported every 15 seconds in the United States. Statistics show burglars entered more than 2 million homes last year. Actually it is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols or those wandering around. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Believe it or not, some people ,particularly children who happen to be the last to come in , leave their doors on the latch at night. Doors of hollow core, even when locked, are vulnerable to break-ins. Thus doors of solid core or steel are much preferred as they make it difficult for the burglar to pry open. If you decide to buy an alarm device, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. Finally, a word of warming—when you travel, make sure that you have a trusted neighbor collect and keep all the deliveries of newspapers and mail until you return. This is because a collection of newspapers and mail on the front doorstep or in your mailbox is an advertisement that no one is home.

Unit 4

Text Organization

Part one 1-3 The narrator claims that no extraterrestrials will every land on earth.

Part two 4-48 The narrator gives an account of his encounter with extraterrestrials, making it clear why he claims that they will return no more.

2.

Section one 4-5 Bart got quite irritable because of his complicated tax form.

Section two 6-11 (The landing of the flaying saucer) The narrator was shocked at the sight of a flying saucer landing on Earth and two men getting out of it, while Bart didn’t notice it at all.

Section three 12-34 (The meeting with the E.T.) Unaware of the guests’ identity and caught up with his tax form, Bart talked to the guests with an impatient and sarcastic tone and turned down their request rudely. Their conversation ended with the guests’ promise of not coming back.

Section Four 35-48 (after the E.T.’s departure) After the E.T. left, the narrator got mad at Bart because of his irrational attitude to the guests. Bart didn’t realize his stupid error until it was too late.

Vocabulary

1.

2.

3.

1) “We want to put the government at your service, giving you what you’ve paid for,” said the incoming president at the inauguration.

2) The doctors are keeping the patient under close observation on account of her critical condition.

3) Apparently the solution to this complicated technical problem is even beyond the wits of the skilled technicians.

4) No two zebras are alike in the details of their black and white lines though they all seem to have the same appearance.

5) I’m really bugged by her persistent complaining about her routine life, soaring prices, the polluted surrounding, and the like.

4.

1) column, wits, complicated, knock down, their appearance, mode of

2) isolating himself from, veteran, supreme, on account of, alike

3) is really bugged, makes like, is going over his, is left alone, adopted

ⅱ Usage.

1. high 2. easy 3. deep 4. real 5 steady 6.funny

ⅲ word Formation

Structure

1.

1) Bernard was believed to have been killed in a car-bomb attack a year and a half ago.

2) As a freshman, Jane is so curious about university life that she wants to b involved in all kinds of campus activities.

3) What worries us most is that little seems to have been done to remedy the trade deficit.

4) He got to the railway station only to be told that the train had already left.

2.

1) His opponent having gained a lead of almost 60,000 votes, the candidate publicly admitted that he had lost his election bid.

2) All the guests having left his house, the host kicked off his shoes and stretched out on the couch.

3) His voice being almost drowned by the big noise from the audience, the speaker had to stop his lecture.

4) The roads being wet and slippery after the heavy rain, I drove very carefully.

Comprehensive Exercises.

Cloze A

Cloze B

2. Translation

The extraterrestrial has been a topic of interest to experts and laymen/nonprofessionals alike. Researchers of various nationalities and organizations are adopting different modes of investigation in search of extraterrestrials. Some make a close observation of stars with extremely high levels of rare, radioactive elements. They believe those elements have resulted from extraterrestrial technology that is still beyond human wits to understand. Some try to isolate radio signals from the ‘noise’ of the universe. And some claim that they have caught sight of extraterrestrials and can even describe their appearance in detail. Researchers work up the complicated data they collect into a series of reports and books. Although no definite answer has yet been found, the explorers’ hope shows no sign of fading out on account of their frustrations and they hold to the belief that their hard efforts will prove worthwhile.

Unit 5

Text Organization

1.

2.

Vocabulary

1.

2.

3.

1) As supplies of traditional fuels diminish, people are working to increase the use of solar energy.

2) Happiness will never come to those who fail to appreciate what they already have.

3) While it is true that children of today are exposed to more information than were children of the past, it does not follow that they automatically become more sophisticated.

4) Since she borrowed those books from the library she has been immersed in British history and culture.

5) Everything changed in a flash on June 1, 2000 when he lost both legs in a serious traffic accident.

4.

1) my sincere considerate of with gratitude

2) assembled amid the impressed on in quest of

3) was marvelous had undergone swift and the rest

word/media/image2.gif. Collocation

fond of sick of

thoughtful of confident of

conscious of critical of

guilty of uncertain of

word/media/image3.gif. Usage

1. To know what people really think, pay regard to what they do, rather than what they say..

2. It is cooperation, rather than conflict, that will enable you to achieve your success.

3. Ann made students think for themselves rather than telling them what to think.

4. I think I’ll stay at home this evening rather than go/going out.

5. Most people are content to let perfect days happen at random rather than plan/planning for them.

Structure

1.

1) It was taken for granted

2) Most young people take tap water for granted

3) took it fro granted that they were married.

4) the second is taken for granted

2.

1) The 1980s saw the start of the development of some special economic zones in China.

2) The past decade has seen the release of many films, some of them good, some of them bad, and a few of them very brilliant.

3) The last 100 years have seen the material wealth of humankind explode beyond all pervious imagining.

4) We have been at your service for five years. The future will see us developing new ideas and plans to suit more of your needs.

Comprehensive Exercises.

1. Cloze A

2. Cloze B

2. Translation

Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving, rather than joining his friends in celebration of the holiday, George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world. The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf. George’s father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. He also taught him that nothing in the world could be taken for granted. Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesop’s famous saying “Gratitude” is the sign of noble souls” and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.

Unit 6

Text organization

2.Happy moments and events

1) growing nearly all their fruits and vegetables

2) canoeing, picnicking, long bicycle rides, etc.

3) keeping warm inside the house in winter.

4) writing freelance articles

5) earning enough money while maintaining a happy family life.

Hardships

1) working hard both in winter and in summer

2) harsh environment and weather condition

3) anxious moments after the writer quit his job.

4) Cutting back on daily expenses

5) Solitude

Vocabulary

1.

2.

3.

1) while farming, Benneker pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy.

2) Misused words often generate misleading thoughts.

3) Lafayette Hotel is patronized by international celebrities drawn to its French food and service.

4) A person who think that money will do everything may well be suspected of doing everything for money.

5) A person surely has to face a good many bitter disappointment before he gets through life.

4.

1) their indoor a profit to invest in

2) device the improvement scale

3) their household stacked temptation never dined out

word/media/image2.gif. Confusable Words

House home

Home, family household

2.

Doubt suspected （注意所有的顺序的都是 1 2

Doubted suspected 3 4

Suspect 5

word/media/image3.gif．Word Formation

Structure

1.

1) when it comes to changing your life

2) when it comes to such matters as keeping the room tidy

3) When it comes to emotional intelligence

4) when it comes to managing minor matters

2.

1) Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong

2) but, unfortunately, money isn’t everything

3) not all Americans like them

4) Not all people share the same interests

Comprehensive Exercises

1. Cloze A

(B)

word/media/image2.gif. Translation

A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened/set up a household equipment store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily because of/owing to/due to their desire to improve the quality of their lives.

But, to run a small business is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Once she could not even pick up the phone bill and had to ask her parents to loan her some money.

Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.

Unit 7

Text Organization

Paras1-7 early morning preparation for the day’s work

Paras8-25 mid-morning on his way to work

Paras26-62 day door-to-door selling

Paras63-84 evening eating a frozen dinner and thinking of this and that

2.

Paras11-20 his disability, his schooling, and his hard struggle to make a living for himself

Para 71 his back surgery and the selling of his house

Vocabulary

Pledge betray transit

Went off off balance laundry

Retail disorder limitations

Section tilted transferred

Linger lean

2.

Messing around hang on

Was laid up with are gaining on

Kicked up cool down

Drop---off was reaching out

3.

1) it wasn’t that she couldn’t hear me, but that what I said sometimes didn’t register with her.

2) He strained his back during a practice session. That explains why he was absent from today’s game.

3).5,000 dollars was transferred from Father’s account to my account.

4) The winter days here are lean for taxi drivers because there are few tourists.

5) some people say drug manufacturing is the most profitable business in America

4.

1) was gaining on was laid up in

In time scar on

2) cripple surgery

Limitations in literature

3) on straight commission on the phone

Territory a strain on

Never registers with him.

word/media/image2.gif. Usage

1. I never did go over these books, although I probably should have

2. I know this is a personal question. You don’t have to answer me if you don’t want to.

3. I think this topic should have attracted far more attention form philosophers than it has.

4. “I think you’re right.”---“I’m sure I am.”

5. “He thought that the condition was hereditary in his case.”-----Well, it might be.”

6. “Suggar?”

“No, Maybe next time.”

7. The house is only a building. It is a place to live, nothing more.

8. DIANE: You didn’t! Tell me you didn’t !

9. FATHER: Oh, yes. Anything for my children.

word/media/image3.gifWord Family

1.

Bored boredom bored

Boringly boring

2.

1)encouraged 2)encouragingly

3)encouraging 4)encouragement

3.

Frozen freeze

Freezing freezer

Freezer

Structure

1.

1)She had to finish reading all the mail that arrived that morning before leaving/she left her office

2) It took Jane years of hard practice before she learned to write English well.

3) Because they learned it the hard way, they will not trust anyone before he proves himself trustworthy.

4) Before you criticize him, I think you should let him explain why he acted in the way he did.

2.

1) Whenever I felt like talking ,they were ready to listen.

2) Are there days when you don’t feel like writing?

3) Those who felt like hearing the story again came over and added themselves to the audience.

4) I feel like(going for/taking) a walk. Won’t you join me?

Comprehensive Exercises

1. Cloze

(A)

1. off…feet 2. signature

3. commission on the phone

Laid up surgery

Representative territory

Disorder linger

Applying for dignity

(B)

In on

read but

for and

on worry

now because

then the

or have/bother

doing in

looking why

money really

no

2. Translation

Tom was born a cripple, with one of his lower limbs useless. Early in his childhood, he learned that unless he so exerted himself as to rise above his limitations, he could not earn a living, and unless he succeeded in making a living on his own, he could not win/gain the respect of others. That was the price he had to pay for his dignity as a human being.

Tom applied for numerous jobs, only to be turned down, before he finally got one as a delivery boy for a Pizza Hut. He then worked as a sales representative for a sports wear company in a territory no one else would want. Today he owns a fairly profitable retail shop in his hometown, and hires several people to work for him on straight commission.

Unit 8

Text Organization

Part one 1-2 Dolly the sheep, a clone, was born.

Part two 3-6 Dolly’s birth has made cloning a reality and human cloning a possibility.

Part three 7-11 People have to face the ethical problems of human cloning.

Part Four 12-16 Cloning technology could benefit people in more than one way.

Section one 7-9 Human cloning has given rise to the question of what implications the technology may have for mankind.

Section two 10-11 The making of the atomic bomb had a tremendous impact on scientist.

Vocabulary

2.

3.

1. the hillside facing the Pacific is dotted with colorful houses.

2. The present Labour government inherited a weak economy from the Conservative government.

3. The great historian Dr. Franklin lashed out at the racial discrimination that has plagued the American Blacks for more than two hundred years.

4. This blood test will show whether or not you’re immune to the disease.

5. Polite society will not tolerate such offensive behavior.

4.

1) I am not opposed to in principle

Terrifying an identical twin an atomic

2) Let loose ancient times potential for

3) genius a brilliant inherited from

Merged it with has grown into

word/media/image2.gif. Collocation

1) Would you rather she took up residence elsewhere?

2) I’ll order tea. Or perhaps you’d rather have coffee?

3) She would rather work for a living than become dependent on her husband.

4) I’d rather she did not tell you the story.

word/media/image3.gif. Usage

1) An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.

2) The reason (he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.

3) Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.

4) Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientist thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.

Structure

1.

1) True, the sentence is grammatically correct, but it does not read naturally.

2) It’s true there has been a considerable increase in our living costs, but the quality of our life has improved significantly because our wages have doubled over the same period.

3) True, Peter does not hold an MBA degree, but he is none the less a competent manager.

4) “In my country, teenagers are not allowed to buy alcoholic drinks.” “True, but we’re not in your country, are we?

2.

1) What if the scheme does not work out?

2) What if some scientists ignore bioethics and start to cone human beings?

3) What if you can’t get home before dark?

4) What if I did have a talk with your boss before he fired you?

Comprehensive Exercises

1. Cloze A

2. Close B

word/media/image2.gif. Translation

After Dolly was born, cloning could no longer be dismissed as science fiction. The ability to create an identical twin of a lamb is but one step short of cloning humans, which many find terrifying and offensive. However the technology holds great potential for medical application. Scientists could cultivate a batch of cells and direct them to grow into whole organs or even limbs that will be genetically identical to those of the patient, thus eliminating the problem of rejection caused by immune reaction when they are transplanted into his body. Or they could take an organ from animals such as a pig that has been genetically altered so that it will be tolerated by the recipient. Then the lives of thousands of patients who die every year before a replacement hert, liver or kidney becomes available would be saved.

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