2018年中考英语真题汇编----名词
一、 句意选词
1. (山东东营)
---Let’s see what food you’ve got for dinner.
---Look, we have mutton, fish, eggs, tomatoes and _______.
A. milk B.bread C.coffee D.juice
【答案】B.
【解析】句意:“咱们看看晚餐吃什么。瞧,我们吃羊肉、鱼肉、鸡蛋和面包”。Milk牛奶,coffee咖啡,bread面包,juice果汁。根据上一句Let’s see what you’ve got for dinner可知,此处表示吃的东西,而milk, coffee和jiuice都是喝的东西,因此,应选bread(面包)。
2. (山东东营)----Hi, Li Mei. How is your new school ?
----Fantastic! We can choose the courses according to our ______. I love operas , so I took the Beijing Opera class.
A. grades B.talents C.interests D.experiences
【答案】C。
【解析】句意:嗨,李雷,你的新学校怎样?好极了。我们可以根据我们的爱好选择课程。我热爱戏剧,所以, 我选了京剧。grades分数,talents才能,interests兴趣,experiences经历。根据I love operas, so I took the Beijing Opera class可知,love(热爱)属于兴趣,故选C。
3.(山东东营)---An American boy made a wheelchair for his wounded goldfish.
----Well done! Animals deserve(应该得到)love and good ______ as humans.
A. life B.chance C.luck D.environment
【答案】A。
【解析】句意:一位美国男孩为他受伤的金鱼制作了一个轮椅。干得好!动物应该得到和人类一样的爱和生活。Life生活,chance机会,luck幸运,environment环境。根据Animals deserve love and good_____as humans可知,这里指跟人类一样的生活,故选A。
4.(重庆A卷)---I have a bad cold.
---Sorry to hear that. You’d better go to see a _____ at once.
A. doctor B.cook C.writer D.farmer
【答案】A。
【解析】句意:我患了重感冒。很难过听到这消息。你最好马上去看医生。Doctor医生,cook厨师,writer作家,farmer农民。根据上文I have a bad cold可知,应去看的是医生。
5. (连云港)National Treasure quickly rose to the top television rating ranks after it was presented on CCTV.
It means a growing ______ in traditional culture among China’s youth.
A.interest B.direction C.habit D.dream
【答案】A.
【解析】句意:“国宝档案”在中烟电视台播放后,收视率迅速上升到首位。这意味着在中国的年轻人中,对传统文化的兴趣正在上升。Interst兴趣,direction方向,habit习惯,dream梦想。根据第二句中的traditional culture(传统文化)可知,应选interest(兴趣)。
6.(山西)Reading the first ______of each paragraph before you read the whole text help you get the main idea quickly.
A.letter B.word C.sentence
【答案】C.
【解析】句意:在你阅读全文之前,首先阅读每段的第一个句子,有助于你迅速获得全文中心意思。Letter 字母、信件,word词汇,sentence句子。根据常识可知,这里指的是每一段的第一个句子,故选sentence(句子)。
7.(湖北孝感)----Which should we start with ,Water World or Space World ?
-----Either is OK. It makes no _____ to me.
A.mistake B.promise C.difference D.decision
【答案】C。
【解析】句意:我们从哪一处开始,水上世界还是太空世界?随便从哪开始都可以。这对我而言没啥不一样。mistake错误,promise诺言,difference区别,decision决定。格局第二句Either is OK(二者中任一开始都可以)可知,应选difference(区别)。
8.(湖北武汉)--- Kate, I' m going shopping. Anything to buy for you?
---Yes, that will save me a_____.
A hand B. trip C. visit D.bill
【答案】D。
【解析】句意:凯特,我要去购物,需要我给买东西吗?是的,这可以替我省一笔钱呢。Hand手,trip旅行,visit参观、访问,bill费用。根据上文可知,这里省的是费用,故选bill。
9.(湖北黄冈) ---- I'm thirsty, Mom. I'd like something to drink.
---- We only have some _______ in the fridge.
A. Oranges B. ice-cream C. juice D. cheese
【答案】C。
【解析】句意:——妈妈,我渴了。我想要些喝的东西。——在冰箱里,我们只有一些果汁。oranges桔子;ice-cream冰淇淋;juice果汁;cheese奶酪。根据I'd like something to drink可知此处表示要些喝的东西,故用juice“果汁”。故选C。
10.(湖北宜昌)----The best ______ to come to Yichang is spring.
----I think so. The green water and green mountains are unforgettable
A. environment B. journey C. temperature D. season
【答案】D。
【解析】句意:到宜昌的最佳季节是春季。我也是这样看的。绿的水和绿的山令人难忘。Environment环境,journey长途旅行,temperature温度,season季节.根据上文可知,这里应选season(季节)。
11.(湖北襄阳)---Mom. I’m thirteen now, Can I ride a bike to school?
---Yes, you can. But you must follow the traffic on the way.
A. rules B. plans C. safety D. accident
【答案】A。
【解析】妈妈,我已经13岁了。我可以骑自行车去学校吗?可以,但是在路途中,你必须遵守交通规则。Rules规则,plans 计划,safety安全,accident事故。根据上文的Can I ride a bike to school 可知,这里指的是交通规则,故选rules。
12.(河北)Did you hear the ________? A scientist will visit our school.
A. advice B. news C. praise D. choice
【答案】B.
【解析】句意:你听见了这消息了吗? 一位科学家将访问我校。Advice建议、劝告,news消息,praise赞扬、称赞,choice选择。根据A scientist will visit our school可知,应选news。
13.(天津)Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden_______.
A. competition B. interview C. treasure D. tradition
【答案】C。
【解析】句意:她的微笑使我感到温暖和充满活力。这微笑就像一份珍藏的财富。Competition比赛、竞争,interview采访,treasure财富、财宝,tradition传统。根据句意,应选treasure。
14.(江苏扬州)The Queqiao satellite(卫星) will form a bridge between controllers on Earth and the far side of the Moon.
A. contribution B. communication C. celebration D. competition
【答案】B。
【解析】句意:鹊桥卫星将在地球和月球远地之间形成一座通讯桥梁。Contribution贡献,communication通讯,celebration庆祝,competition竞争。根据句意,应选communication。
15.(浙江温州)---What was the _______ of the football match last night?
--- AC Milan won the game.
A. value B. result C. choice D. decision
【答案】B。
【解析】句意:昨晚的足球比赛结果怎样?AC米兰赢了。Value价值,result结果,choice选择,decision决定。根据AC Milan won the game 可知,赢选result。
16.(山东潍坊)The Three Gorges Dam produces _____ for millions of people in China.
A. electricity B.influence C. transport D.technology
【答案】A。
【解析】句意:三峡电站为数百万的中国人生产了电。electricity电,influence影响,transport交通运输,technology技术。根据句意,应选electricity。
17.(山东青岛)Could you please put some _____ in my cup ? I’d like sweet coffee.
A. sugar B.salt C,ice D.pepper
【答案】A。
【解析】请往我的杯子里加一些糖,我要甜咖啡。sugar糖,salt盐,ice冰,pepper胡椒。根据I’d like sweet coffee可知,应选sugar。
18.(福建A卷)----I don’t know how to use the App Fun Dubbing.
----Ask Jimmy for help. He has lots of in doing it.
A. experience B. trouble C. courage
【答案】A。
【解析】我不知道怎样使用APP Fun Dubbing。问一问吉米,他有做这方面的经验。Experience经验,trouble麻烦、烦恼,courage勇气。根据句意,向选experience。
19.(湖北恩施). -- My dear, you have made _______ in your English this term. Well done!
-- Thank you, mum. I will keep on working hard.
A. a progress B. progress C. progresses
【答案】B。
【解析】句意:宝贝,本期你的英语取得了进步,干得好!谢谢妈,我会继续努力的。Progress为不可数名词,没有复数形式,故选B。
20.(安徽)-What is the ______ of your excellent spoken English?
-Practice makes perfect!
A. result B. influence C. duty D. secret
【答案】D。
【解析】句意:你那出色的英语口语的秘诀是什么呢?熟能生巧。result结果,influence 影响,duty值日,secret秘密、秘诀.根据Practice makes perfect可知,应选secret。
21.(江西) I live near a big _______. It gets very noisy on match days.
A. hospital B. store C. bank D. playground
【答案】D。
【解析】句意:我居住在一个大操场附近。在比赛日子里,很吵闹。Hospital医院,store百货店,bank银行,playground操场。根据It’s gets very noisy on match days可知,应选playground。
22.(感悟武威)In every ______ there has to be some give-and-take.
A. friendship B. instrument C. attention D. blackboard
【答案】A。
【解析】句意:在每份友谊中,一定有取舍。Friendship友谊,instrument说明,attention态度,blackboard黑板.根据句意,应选friendship。
23.(江苏宿迁)Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high_________ from the art community for this sculptures
A .pride B. praise C. promise D. progress
【答案】B。
【解析】句意:武威,一位年轻的艺术家,收到了来自艺术协会对他的雕塑作品的高度赞扬。pride骄傲,praise赞扬,promise诺言、许诺,progress进步。根据句意,应选praise。
24.(河南)---It’s useless to regret what has been done. Don’t make those mistakes again.
----I won’t. That’s a(n)______.
A. order B.decision C.promise D.agreement
【答案】C。
【解析】句意:对做过的事情感到后悔没用的,别再犯那些错误,我不会的,这是我的承诺。order命令,decision决定,promise承诺,agreement同意。根据句意,应选promise。
25.(四川达州).-----What do you think of The Belt and the Road Initiative(一带一路倡议)?
----Great. It will help China improve the _____ with those related countries.
A. relationship B.agreement C.environment D.information
【答案】A。
【解析】句意:你觉得一带一路怎么样?太好了。它将会帮助中国改进那些与它建立外交关系国家的关系。relationship关系,agreement同意,environment环境,information信息.根据句意,应选relationship。
26.(广东深圳) ----Mr. Li, I feel a little nervous before the coming exam.
----You'd better take a _______ from studies and relax yourself.
A. rest B. breath C. walk
【答案】A。
【解析】句意:李老师,我对即将到来的考试感到有一点紧张。你最好放下学习,休息一下,让自己放松放松。rest休息,breath呼吸,walk散步、行走。根据句意,应选rest。
27.(广东深圳)---I’m looking forward to the final of the 2018 World Cup.
---Me too. I hope the German team will be the_____ .It’s my favorite.
A. player B. winner C. loser
【答案】B。
【解析】句意:我盼望着2018年的世界杯决赛。我也是,我希望德国队会成为获胜者。德国队是我最喜欢的球队。player运动员,winner获胜者,loser失败者。根据句意,应选winner。
28.(广东深圳)----Simon always reads for half an hour before bedtime every day.
----That’s good______. Reading makes a full man.
A. dream B. wish C. habit
【答案】C。
【解析】句意:西蒙在就寝之前总要看半小时的书。那是一种好习惯。阅读使人充实。Dream理想,wish愿望,habit习惯。根据句意,应选habit。
29.(内蒙呼和浩特)— It’ s Mr Zhang’ s new movie.But I think it’ s more meaningful than his others.
— I agree with you.His latest movie has come to his highest .
A.spirits B.standard C.treasure D.development
【答案】D。
【解析】句意:它张老师的新影片。但是我认为这部影片比他的其他影片更具有意义。我赞同你的说法。他最后的一部影片已经达到了他的巅峰。spirit精神,standard标准,treasure财富、财宝,development发展。根据句意,应选development。
30.(海南)David likes taking photos, so his father bought him a last week.
A. camera B. dictionary C. bicycle
【答案】A。
【解析】句意:大卫喜欢摄影,所以他父亲上周为他买一台相机。camera相机,dictionary词典,bicycle自行车. 根据David likes taking photos可知,应选camera。
31.(江苏连云港)National Treasure quickly rose to the top television rating ranks after it was presented on CCTV. It means a growing in traditional culture among China’s youth.
A. interest B. direction C. habit D. dream
【答案】A。
【解析】句意:“国宝档案”在中烟电视台播放后,收视率迅速上升到首位。这意味着在中国的年轻人中,对传统文化的兴趣正在上升。Interst兴趣,direction方向,habit习惯,dream梦想。根据第二句中的traditional culture(传统文化)可知,应选interest(兴趣)。
32.(哈尔滨)_____ is the largest city with a population of more than four million people in Australia.
A .London B. Sydney C. Paris
【答案】B。
【解析】句意:悉尼是澳大利亚人口超过四百万的大城市。London伦敦,是英国的首都,Paris巴黎,是法国的首都,它们都不属于澳大利亚,故选B。
33.(江苏盐城)Please give me some ______ on how to spend the coming weekend.
A. space B. advice C. praise D. courage
【答案】B。
【解析】句意:怎样度过即将到来的周末,请给我一些建议。space空间,advice建议、劝告,praise赞扬、称赞,courage勇气。根据句意,应选advice。
34.(江苏南京)-- Do you have this T-shirt in a small_______?
----I'm afraid not. It only comes in medium.
A. size B. colour C. material D. taste
【答案】A。
【解析】句意:你有小号的这款T恤吗?恐怕没有了,这款只进了中号的。size尺寸、型号,color 颜色,material材质,taste口味、味道.根据下文中的It only comes in medium可知,应选size。
35.(山东滨州)—More and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera.
—That’s true. It’s an important part of Chinese .
A. culture B. invention C. custom D. influence
【答案】A。
【解析】句意:越来越多的外国人对京剧感兴趣了。那到时真的。京剧是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。Culture文化,invention发明,custom 风俗,influence影响。根据句意,应选culture。
36.(黑龙江绥化)Can you give me some_ __________,please?
A. message B. suggestion C .advice
【答案】C。
【解析】 句意:你能给我一些建议吗?Message信息,suggestion建议,advice建议、劝告.因为message和suggestion是可数名词,受some修饰时,应使用复数形式。而advice为不可数名词,可以直接受some修饰。故选C。
二、 名词单复数
1.(哈尔滨)----Alice, which season do you like best?
----Autumn. The fallen _______ are like a thick blanket on the ground. What beautiful scenery it is!
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves
【答案】C。
【解析】句意:爱丽斯,你最喜欢哪个季节?秋季。落叶就像一张厚厚的毯子铺在大地上。多美的景色啊!以--f或fe结尾的单数名词,变成复数时,--f或--fe变成--ves,故leaf(树叶)的复数形式为leaves。
2.(四川眉山)—How many_______doctors are there in your hospital, David?
—_______them _______over one hundred. A. woman,The number of, is B.women,A number of, are
B. woman,A number of, are D.women,The number of, is
【答案】D。
【解析】句意:大卫,你们医院有多少女医生?女医生人数有一百多位。man或woman作名词定语时,应与被修饰的名词在数上保持一致。“A number of +复数名词或宾格人称代词”表示“许多的……”,而“the number of +复数名词或宾格人称代词”表示“……的数量”,根据题意,应选D。
3.(四川凉山) Many foreigners came to our school last week, including three and four .
A. German, American B. Germans. American
C. Germans. Americans D. German, Americans
【答案】C。
【解析】句意:上周许多外国人来到我们学校,起皱包括3名德国人和4名美国人。German的复数形式为Germans,而American的复数为Americans,所以选C.
三、 名词所有格
1. (重庆B卷)---How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?
----It’s about two _______ ride by high--speed train.
A. hour B.hour’s C.hours D.hours’
【答案】D。
【解析】句意:从重庆到贵阳有多远?坐高铁大约两小时的路程。表示时间的复数名词所有格,通常加“s ‘”来表示,two hours的名词所有格为two hours’。所以选D。
2.(贵州安顺)--Excuse me! Is this new house?
--Yes, it’s .The parents of them bought it last September.
A. Lucy and Lily’s; theirs B. Lucy’s and Lily’s; them
C. Lucy’s and Lily’s ; theirs D. Lucy and Lily’s; them
【答案】A。
【解析】句意:打扰一下,这视露西和莉莉的房间吗?是的,是他们俩的房间。他们父母去年九月买的。Lucy and Lily’s表示“露西和莉莉共同的”,Lucy’s and Lily’s 表示“露西的和莉莉的”,根据句意这房间属于露西和莉莉共同所有的,故第一空选Lucy and Lily’s .第二空表示房间是她们的,故应使用名词性物主代词,而不是人称代词,所以,正确答案是A。
四、 名词短语
(湖北宜昌)-----The population of the poor is getting smaller and smaller.
------________ the government, their living conditions have improved.
A. As for B. Thanks to C. As a result of D. Thanks for
【答案】B。
【解析】句意:平穷人口正越来越小。由于政府的帮助,他们的生活条件已经得到了改善。As for至于,thanks to由于、因为,as a result of 结果,thanks for因……而感谢。根据上文The population of the poor is getting smaller and smaller可知,这视由于政府的原因,所以,选thanks to 。
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