英语简单句的五种基本类型
英语的基本成分有六种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语
(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)。
基本句型一: S V (主+谓)
基本句型二: S V P (主+谓+表)
基本句型三: S V O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
类型1:主语+谓语(+状语)
Example1:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 句义 |
1 | Fire | burns. | 火燃烧。 |
2 | Birds | fly. | 鸟飞翔。 |
Example 2:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 状语(副词/介词短语/名词) | 名义 |
1 | He | works | hard. | 他努力工作。 |
2 | She | is working | quickly. | 她快速的走着。 |
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Example3:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 状语(不定式/分词) | 句义 |
1 | We | stopped | to have a rest. | 我们停下来休息一会儿. |
2 | I | returned | to get my book. | 我回来取书. |
类型2: 主语+谓语+宾语
Example1:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(名/代) | 句义 |
1 | He | cut | his finger. | 他割伤了他的手指. |
2 | We | have already had | breakfast. | 我们已经吃过了早饭. |
Example2:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(不定式) | 句义 |
1 | I | have promised | to help them. | 我已经答应帮助他们. |
2 | They | decided | not to go. | 他们绝不会去. |
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Example 3:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(动名词) | 句义 |
1 | He | enjoys | playing chess. | 他喜欢下棋。 |
2 | They | remembered | doing it. | 他们记得曾做过此事。 |
Example4:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语从句 | 句义 |
1 | I | hope | (that) you will come here. | 我希望你来这里。 |
2 | I | suppose | (that) you will be there. | 我猜想你会在那里。 |
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类型3:主语+谓语+表语
Example 1:
| 主语 | 系动词 | 表语 | 句义 |
1 | This | is | a book. | 这是一本书。 |
2 | This book | is | mine. | 这本书是我的。 |
3 | They | are | hard-working. | 他们很勤劳。 |
Example 2:
| 主语 | 系动词 | 表语 | 句义 |
1 | The boy | looks | a smart boy | 这孩子看起来很伶俐。 |
2 | This film | seems | moving. | 这部电影似乎很动人。 |
类型4:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
Example1:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 间接宾语 | 直接宾语 | 句义 |
1 | I | gave | my friend | the money. | 我给了朋友钱。 |
2 | They | told | us | the news. | 他们告诉我们这消息。 |
Example2:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 直接宾语 | for | 间接宾语 | 句义 |
1 | I | bought | a gold watch. | for | my wife | 我给妻子买了一块金表。 |
2 | They | saved | some money. | for | me | 他们给我储蓄了一些钱。 |
类型5:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
Example1:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(名/代) | 宾补(不定式to do) | 句义 |
1 | I | asked | her | to open the window. | 我要她打开窗户. |
2 | He | wants | me | to be early. | 他想要我早到. |
Example2:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(名/代) | 宾补(不定式to be) | 句义 |
1 | They | believed | him | (to be) innocent. | 他们相信他是无辜的. |
2 | We | consider | her | (to be) honest. | 我们认为她是诚实的. |
Example3:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(名/代) | 宾补(省to的不定式) | 句义 |
1 | I | made | him | finish the job. | 我让他做完那件工作. |
2 | You | mustn’t let | the matter | rest here. | 你不可让这事停下来。 |
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Example4:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(名/代) | 宾补(现在分词) | 句义 |
1 | I | saw | him | running off. | 我看到他跑开了。 |
2 | I | smelt | something | burning. | 我闻到有东西在燃烧。 |
Example5:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(名/代) | 宾补(过去分词) | 句义 |
1 | You | must get | your hair | cut. | 你必须要理发了。 |
2 | She | had | a new cap | made. | 她找人做了顶新冒子。 |
Example6:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(名/代) | 宾补(形容词) | 句义 |
1 | He | got | his shoes | dirty. | 他把鞋子弄脏了。 |
2 | It | keeps | us | warm. | 它使我们保持暖和。 |
Example7:
| 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(名/代) | 宾补(名词) | 句义 |
1 | We | made | him | monitor. | 我们选他当班长。 |
2 | They | named | their son | Henry. | 他们给孩子取名亨利。 |
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