湖北学位英语复习资料语法重点-2

湖北学位英语复习资料语法重点-2

湖北学位英语复习资料语法重点：从句

名词性从句应当注意的问题：

1．主语从句

1）单个名词性分句充当主语时，全句谓语用单数形式；但是当两个由and连接的名词性从句作主语并表示两件事情时，谓语动词用复数

Whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me.

What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remains a mystery to us.

2）若主语从句中逻辑意义完整并且基本句子成分齐备，则须在句首使用连接词that，该词无意义；若缺差主/宾/表等名词性成分，则根据需要选择what/which/who/whom等

That they were wrong in these matters is now clear to us all.

What crime he has done is quite clear.

3）从句作主语时为保持句子平衡，可用it作形式主语，而将从句置于句末，其中that可省略

It isn’t surprising (that) he should have married her.

2．宾语从句

1）宾语从句后跟有补语，常用it作形式宾语，而将从句放在补语之后，其中it无意义

She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with him.

I heard it said that the meeting would be postponed.

2）that-从句一般不可以直接用作介词宾语，但是可以用在in, except, save, besides和but之后，多已形成固定用法。in that(因为)，except that (除了…)，but that(要不是…), save that(除了…)，besides that(除了…)

I like the city in that I have many friends there.

He is a good student except that he is occasionally careless.

He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.

3）当主句谓语为assume, believe, expect, guess, imagine, suppose, think等表示“认为”，“猜想”动词时，其后的宾语从句若带有否定意义，通常应将否定词前移至主句谓语上

I don’t think that you two met before.

I don’t suppose that anyone will object to the plan.

3．表语从句

主语是reason 的表语从句须用that引导，不要误用because引导

The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.

The reason why I didn’t go to Canada was that I got a new job.

4．同位语从句

同位语从句具体说明被其修饰限制的名词的实际内容。常见的可接同位语从句的名词有：announcement, belief, conclusion, discovery, doubt, evidence, fact, guarantee, hope, idea, knowledge, news, order, proposal, question, rumor(流言), statement, story, suggestion, thought(想法), understanding (理解)。其引导词常用that，根据逻辑意义也可选用whether, what, who, how, why, where。但决不能使用which。

Her suggestion that we send some people to help them is adoptable.

Next comes the question what you want it for.

I have no idea where she came from.

形容词性从句/定语从句应当注意的问题：

1．以下情况只能用关系代词that引导，不能使用which；

1）当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时

They are talking about the people and countries that they have visited.

The passengers and parcels that filled the car were mixed.

2）当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few, a few等不是定代词时Everything that he said seemed quite reasonable.

Much that I learned in the book is very useful.

3）当先行词被形容词最高级，序数词（包括the last）和no, every, some, any ,only, much等限定词修饰时

This is the most interesting film that has been produced in recent years.

This the only thing that we can do now.

The last student that stood up was Joe.

2．以下情况只能用关系代词which, 不能使用that：

1）在非限定性定语从句中，引导词只能用which和who/whom, where, when等；而且引导词在从句中作宾语时不能省略。

Steel, which has many useful properties, is widely used in the machine-building industry.

The shed in our garden, which my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time.

2）和介词连用构成复合引导词时

There are scientific ways in which many solves problems.

Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.

3．Whose 表示所有关系，即可指人的也可指物理学

She lives in the house whose door and windows are broken.

How many students are there in your class whose parents serve in the government agencies?

4．关系代词that/which和关系副词when/where/why的选择：

若引导词在从句中担任状语，选用when/where/why；若作主/宾/表语则用that/which

This is the place which I’ve long wanted to visit. ——I know of a place where we can swim.

This is the reason why I am not in favor of his plan. —— I can’t accept the reason that he gave.

The sports meet will be held next month when the climate is very congenial.

This is a great day that I will never forget.

5．as 引导定语从句

既可指人也可指物，通常与the same, such, so等连用；还可引导非限定性定语从句，指代整个主句意思或部分内容，位置灵活

They need such materials as can bear high temperature and pressure.

Mass is not the same thing as weight is.

As you can see, we’ve got a problem with the engine.

She was absent, as is often the case.

副词性从句/状语从句应当注意的问题：

1．关联词的多义性资料来源：

状语从句中某些引导词具有多义性，可以引导不同状语从句。如：as, since, while, when

1）As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of No.13 (时间)

As he was not well, I decided to go without him. (原因)

Much as I admire Shakespeare’s comedies, I can’t agree that they are superior to his tragedies. (让步)

I got up late in the morning so I had to run to the school as quickly as I could.(比较)

2）He has been serving for this company since he graduated from the university. (时间)

Since the weather is so bad outside, why don’t you stay at home?(原因)

3）I saw him while he was going out of the room. (时间)

While I like the color of the hat, I don’t like its shape. (让步)

While there is life, there is hope. (条件)

He knew how to answer the question, while I couldn’t. (转折)

4）When he arrived, I was cooking lunch. (当……时)

I was about to go out this morning when the telephone rang. (正在这时)

2．句型“no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely/barely…when”

表示“一…就…”，主句中常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时；若把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely放在句首，使用倒装语序

No Sooner had he heard the news than he fainted.

Scarcely had he entered the room when the telephone rang.

3．某些表示时间的副词和名词性词组如directly, immediately, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the day/year, next time …也可以引导时间状语从句。

I got into touch with him immediately I received his letter.

The instant the result came out, she told us.

The second time we met, he answered me a lot of questions.

4．在时间/地点/条件/方式/让步等状语从句中，如果从句谓语动词为be，而且从句主语和全句主语一致，或者主语是it，则从句主语或it和谓语动词be可省略

When ( I was) a boy, I looked at such things differently.

Though (she was) angry, she hurriedly left the room.

This viewpoint, however (it is) understandable, is wrong.

If (it is) necessary I’ll have the composition rewritten.

5．复合连词引起的原因状语从句，常用词有：in that, now that, seeing that, considering that, not that…but that等

Now that she is absent, we’ll have to do the work by ourselves.

See that it’s raining hard, we’ll have to stay here for the night.

6．在介词词组by reason, for fear, for the reason, on the ground后可直跟that从句表示原因

He was excused on the ground that he was young.

7．only if和if only

only if(只要…)引导陈述语气的真实条件句：if only(但愿…；要是…就好了)大都引导虚拟条件句

Only if you study hard will you pass the test.

If only we had arrived in time, we would not have missed the train.

8．由as和though引导的让步状语从句

为强调让步的意义，通常把从句中的表语，状语或补语放在句首形成倒装

Rich as/though he is, I don’t envy him.

Teacher as/ though Mary is, she is not capable of teaching all subjects.

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