英语共有16种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。另外四种时态较少使用。
一般现在时与一般过去时
时态名称 | 结构 | 常连用的词 | 主要用法 |
一般现在时 | 1 be动词用am/is/are表示，之后接名词，形容词或介词。 | sometimes;often;usually;every…;always;never;once/twice/… a week/month/year;on Sundays/Mondays/….; | 一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的习惯性的动作或状态，或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态 |
2行为动词用V原形或V-s/es，引导疑问句和否定句，用do或don’t；第三人称时用does或doesn’t,有does出现动词用原形；第三人称陈述句V后加s或es. | |||
一般过去时。 | 1．be动词用过去式was或 were表示。 | yesterday;the day before yesterday;last week/month/year/….;… ago;a moment ago;just now;on/in+过去的时间; | 在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 |
2行为动词用V-ed，陈述句，疑问句和否定句借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。 | |||
一般将来时与过去将来时
时态名称 | 结构 | 常连用的词 | 主要用法 | |
一般将来时 | 1 任何人称+will+V原形. | tomorrow, the day after tomorrow; soon; next week/month/year/...; the week/month/year/... after next; on/in +将来的时间； in+一段时间；. | 即将发生动作或状态。 | 陈述句：I will fly to HongKong tomorrow. He will go with us. We will arrive in Shanghai next week. 否定句:I will never believe you again. He will not come tonight. We will not buy a car next year. 一般疑问句:Will you go there by train Will he come tomorrow Will they live a five-star hotel |
2 is/am/are+going to+V原形，表示计划打算做什么事情。 | 陈述句：I’m going to go to Hongkong by air. 否定句:We are not going to buy a house here. 一般疑问句:Are they going to change their jobs 特殊疑问句:How are you going to tell him | |||
过去将来时 | was/were going to +V原形 | 多用在宾语从句中 | 在过去将会发生的动作。 | 陈述句：I was going to buy a computer. They told me that they were not going to go abroad. 否定句:I was not going to buy a computer. |
任何人称+would +V原形 | He said he would come in in Shanghai. I said I would buy you a car one day. | |||
现在进行时、过去进行时
时态名称 | 结构 | 常连用的词 | 主要用法 | |
现在进行时 | is/am/are+V-ing | now； at present; at the moment; Look!(放在句首); Listen! (放在句首); | 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 | 陈述句：I’m waiting for my boy friend. He is doing the housework at home now. We are enjoying ourselves. 否定句:He is not playing toys. 一般疑问句:Are you having dinner at home Is Tim cooking in the kitchen？ 特殊疑问句:What are you doing now Where are they having a meal |
过去进行时 | was/were+V-ing | at that time; at this time yesterday; at+时间点+yesterday/last night; at that moment; | 过去一段时间正在发生的动作。 | 陈述句：I was doing my homework at that time. We were having a party while he was sleeping. 否定句:He was not sleeping at 11 o’clock last night. 一般疑问句: Were you watching TV at that time？ 特殊疑问句: What were you doing at that moment |
现在完成时、过去完成时
时态名称 | 结构 | 常连用的词 | 主要用法 | |
现在完成时 | have/has+ （过去分词） | already；just；before; yet(否定句中)；ever；never；once/twice/… for+一段时间； since +时间点； since+一段时间+ago; by+现在时间； so far; up to now; till now; until now; recently/lately; during/over/in thepast/last…. | 用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。简单的说，就是动作已经发生对现在造成明显的影响。 | 陈述句：I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter. He has lived here for nearly 10 years. 否定句:I haven’t finished my homework.. Tim hasn’t come yet. We haven’t heard any news about him 一般疑问句: Has he worked here since he came here 特殊疑问句: How long have you worked in this company |
特别注意： | 1. have/has always been+名词/形容词/介词：总是或一直是什么样子。。。 He has always been a good father. I have always been busy. They have always been in America. | 2. have/has gone to:去了。。。 He has gone to Beijing. They have gone to the cinema. 3. have/has been to:表示去过或到过。。。 I have been to Canada. Have you been to Hongkong？ Where have you beenI have never been here. | ||
过去完成时 | had + （过去分词） | 过去的过去： by+过去的时间； 表“过去某动作或时间以前”的时间状语。 动作发生在过去的过去。 | 陈述句：He said he had told Davy. They told us they had finished the work. He left the office after he had called Davy. 否定句:She hadn’t had dinner before she went out. 一般疑问句:Had she learnt English before she moved here 特殊疑问句:how many English words had he learnt by the end of last year | |
Simple Present
一般现在时 | Simple Past
一般过去时 | Simple Future
一般将来时 |
句子结构:主语+V | 句子结构:主语+V-ed | 句子结构:主语+will+V. 句子结构:主语+be going to+V |
I study English everyday.
我每天都学习英语.
|
Two years ago, I studied English in America.
两年前,我在美国学英语. |
If you are having problems, I will help you study English.
如果你在学习英语当中,遇到问题,我将帮助你.
I’m going to study English next year.
我明年将开始学习英语. |
Present Continuous
现在进行时 | Past Continuous
过去进行时 | Future Continuous
将来进行时 |
句子结构:主语+be+doing | 句子结构:主语+was/were+doing | 句子结构:主语+will be+doing 句子结构:主语+be going to+be+doing |
I am studying English now.
我正在学习英语.
|
I was studying English when
you called yesterday.
你昨天给我打电话的时候,我正在学习英语. | I will be studying English when you arrive tonight.
明晚你来的时候,我会正在学习英语.
I’m going to be studying English when you arrive tonight。 |
Present Perfect
现在完成时 | Past Perfect
过去完成时 | Future Perfect
将来完成时 |
句子结构:主语+have/has done | 句子结构:主语+had done | 句子结构:主语+will+have done 句子结构: 主语+be going to+have done |
I have studied English in several different countries.
在一些国家,我已经学习了英语. | I had studied a little English before I moved to the .
在我搬去美国之前,我已经学习了一点英语. | I will have studied every tense by the time I finish this course.
在我完成这个课程的时候,我已经能完成英语时态的学习了. I’m going to have studied every tense by the time I finish this course. |
Present Perfect Continuous
现在完成进行时 | Past Perfect Continuous
过去完成进行时 | Future Perfect Continuous
将来完成进行时 |
句子结构:主语+have/has been doing
I have been studying English for ten years.
我已经学习英语有十年的时间了.
| 句子结构:主语+had been doing
I had been studying English for ten years before I moved to the .
在我搬去美国之前,我已经学习了十年的英语了. | 句子结构:主语+will have been doing I will have been studying English for over three hours by the time you arrive.
明晚你来的时候,我已经学习英语3个小时了.
句子结构:主语+be going to have been doing
I’m going to have beenstudying English for over three hours by the time you arrive
同上. |
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