八种时态回顾（精心整理版）

中考动词时态专题

初中阶段我们共学习了八种时态，有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。下面我们一起来回顾这八种时态的用法。

1、一般现在时

一般现在时的谓语构成：动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。主要用法如下：

1) 表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或经常存在的状态。常用的时间状语：always, every day , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等。

Beckham plays football every day.

I usually get up at seven every morning, but I get up late on weekends.

2）描述（事物或人的）状态、特征、能力、爱好等。

He can speak five foreign languages.

Guangzhou is a beautiful city. Lucy and her family like swimming.

3) 表示客观事实、客观真理。

The sun rises in the east. The earth goes around the sun.

Columbus proved that the earth is round.

4）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。（主将从现）

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.

I'll tell him the news when he comes back.

5) begin, come, go, leave, start, stop, arrive, return, open, close等动词用一般现在时表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作。

The train leaves Paris at two. Class begins at eight in the morning.

2、一般过去时

一般过去时的谓语构成为：动词的过去式。它表示在过去某个时候发生的动作、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示，也就是说动词词末要加-ed（除不规则动词外）。常和一般过去时连用的时间状语有：last night (week, month, year, century) , yesterday, the day before yesterday, in the past, at that moment/at that time, yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening) , in 1999, two hours ago等等。

It was very cold yesterday. I went to Beijing last year.

When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river.

3、一般将来时

一般将来时的谓语构成： “shall / will + 动词原形” 或 “be going to + 动词原形”。它主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的"将来时间"是指"说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间"。用法主要如下：

1）“shall / will + 动词原形” 表示一个即将要发生的动作或状态。在疑问句中，当主语是第一人称I或者we时，常用助动词shall。

He will arrive here this evening. There will be a strong wind tomorrow.

What shall we do in our English class next Friday? When shall we leave?

2) “be( am / is / are ) + going + 动词原形”表示即将发生某事或打算、计划要做某事，也用来表自然现象。

I’m going to do my homework this evening. Who is going to speak first?

It’s going to be a fine day tomorrow.

3) come, go, start, move, leave等动词常用进行时表示按计划将要发生的事。

I’m leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow. Don’t worry. He is coming.

4）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。（主将从现）

I’ll give him the message as soon as he comes back.

If she comes, I’ll go shopping with her.

4、过去将来时

过去将来时的谓语构成为“would / should + 动词原形”或 “was / were going to + 动词原形”。

它表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即“从过去看将来”。常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。例如：

Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years.

My friend said that she would help me out.

5、现在进行时

现在进行时的谓语构成：“am / is / are + 现在分词”。主要用法如下：

1）用来描述现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与现在进行时连用的标志语有：look, listen, now(现在), right now(现在), at present(目前), at this moment(在此刻), these days(这些天)。

They are having a football match now. She is writing her term paper.

2）表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，虽然此刻动作不一定在发生。

He is preparing for CET Band Six.

Today, a number of people in the United States are learning Chinese.

3）表示说话人的情感(赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等), 常与always, usually, forever连用。

He is always thinking of others, not of himself.

Why are you always playing computer games?

☛☛☛表示人的心里感受、态度情感和状态的动词不能用于进行时，比如like, hope, realize, smell, have, see, hear等。

6、过去进行时

过去进行时的谓语构成：“was / were + 现在分词”。它表示在过去某一时刻正在发生、进行的动作。这一特定时间除了上下文暗示外，一般用表示过去的时间状语来表示，如：at + 点钟 + 过去的时间，at that time / at that moment(那时), at this time yesterday (昨天这个时候), the whole morning(整个上午), last night(昨晚), when he came in等连用。

At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.

What were you doing at eight last night?

I was tidying my room the whole morning.

7、现在完成时

现在完成时的谓语构成为“have / has + 过去分词”。主要用法如下：

1）表示动作截止到现在已完成，并对现在造成影响和结果，通常和副词never, ever, just, already, yet, by this time等连用。

She has read 150 pages today. I’ve just seen a rainbow in the sky.

We haven't met for many years.

2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作

Have you had your dinner? She has been to the United States.

3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续，常与since, for, before, recently, once, twice, yet等时间状语连用。

It has been five years since he joined the army.

They have learned English for eight years. We have lived here since 2008.

4）延续性动词和瞬时性动词

瞬时性动词（buy, die, join, come, go, leave, join等）可以用在现在完成时中，但不能与一段时间连用。

Tom has left here. Tom has left here for three years. (×)

常见的瞬时性动词与其相应的延续性动词

buy----have borrow -----keep

go out----be out leave ----be away

begin/start-----be on finish----be over

open----be open close -----be closed

die----be dead fall asleep---be asleep

become---be join---be a member of/be in

come/arrive in /reach/get to-----be in

5) 记住句型：

It has been / It’s + 时间段 + since 从句（动词用过去式）

It has been / It’s five years since she graduated from university.

时间段 + has passed + since 从句（动词用过去式）

Many years has passed since we knew each other.

8、过去完成时

过去完成时的谓语构成为： “had + 过去分词”。它可以与以下时间状语连: by that time(到那时为止), by the end of last week(到上周末为止), long before(很久以前), before that year(那年之前)。用法如下：

1）过去完成时表示到过去某一时刻为止已完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。常和by/before + 过去的时间状语连用。

He had learnt over 1,000 English words by the end of last term.

We had reached the station before 9 o’clock.

2) 表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，常与since, for构成的时间状语连用。

I had worked in the factory for two years before I came here.

We had not seen each other since I left school.

3) 在by that time, when ,before, after等引导的时间状语从句中，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。

By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.

We had arrived home before it rained.

1. ☛☛☛回顾了以上八种时态，能不能写出它们的谓语构成呢？？？

一般现在时：____________________________

一般过去时：____________________________

一般将来时：____________________________

过去将来时：____________________________

现在进行时：____________________________

过去进行时：____________________________

现在完成时：____________________________

过去完成时：____________________________

2. have been to, have gone to, have been in / at三者区别：

have been to “过去曾去过某地”，说话时人已经回来。（现在已不在该地）

Have you been to Beijing before?

have gone to “已去了某地”，说话时已到了该地，或在途中。（现在还未回来）

Jim and his family has gone to London.

have been in/at “已在某地（待了多久）”, 后面加副词时，不用任何介词。

The Whites have been in China for two years.

They have been here for half a year.

3. will 与 be going to的用法区别：

询问对方是否愿意或者表客气的邀请或命令时，常用will。

Will you go to the park with me? Will you please open the door?

will表示客观的将来。

I will be twenty years old next year.

be going to 常用语口语中，表示即将发生的动作或存在状态。

We are going to help the poor children with their study.

be going to 表示打算或准备做的事情。

When are you going to leave?

be going to表示某种迹象判断可能将要发生某事。

Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain.

3. 如何突破时态题？？？☛☛☛三“看”

（1）看时间状语；

( ) Rose came to Beijing in 2002. She _________ here for eight years.

A. was living B. live C. will live D. has lived

( ) Mr. Green ________ to the manager now. You’d better call him later.

A. talk B. talk C. is talking D. was talking

（2）看固定句型；

( ) Tom will call me as soon as he _______ home.

A. gets B. has got C. got D. will get

( ) It ________ heavily when I left the cinema.

A. rains B. will rain C. is raining D. was raining

（3）看懂题意。

( ) I’m now in New York with my friend Jenny. We ______ by plane on Monday.

A. arrive B. arrived C. are arriving D. will arrive

( ) --- Sam, come downstairs, please. I need your help.

--- Sorry, Dad. I _________ with Jenny on the phone.

A. am talking B. talked C. was talking D. have talked

【广州中考链接】

1. --- You look very nice in your new dress today.

--- Oh, really? I _________ it when it was on sale. （2013，广州中考，24）

A. buy B. bought C. have bought D. will buy

2. Our rubbish kills animals and ________ water and soil. （2013，广州中考，29）

A. pollutes B. polluted C. polluting D. is polluted

3. --- I’ve got the final Harry Potter book．

--- You will love it. Iit twice already．（2012，广州中考，21）

A．am reading B．have read C．was reading D. will read

4. Yesterday evening, I _________ along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher. （2011，广州中考，18）

A. walk B. walked C. was walking D. am walking

5. By the time I ______ my breakfast, it’s eight o’clock, time to leave for the office.（2011，广州中考，30）

6. One day he phoned and _____ me he would be away for a week. （2010，广州中考，26）

A. tell B. tells C. told D. had told

7. I had one leg inside the bedroom when I suddenly realized that someone __ a torch(电筒)up at me. （2010，广州中考，34）

A. is shinning B. was shone C. shines D. was shining

8. ---There's something wrong with my computer.

---Don't worry. I to repair it tomorrow. （2009，广州中考，23）

A. will come B. came C. come D. have come

9. The researchers think that sadness _______ people pay more attention(注意)to small facts. （2009，广州中考，34）

A. make B. makes C. is making D. is made

10. Hi, Mr. Smith. I didn't know you were in New York. How long_________here? （2008，广州中考，25）

A. have you come B. were you C. have you been D. will you

11. Annie was excited. Her mother ______ to Beijing today and would be staying with her for two weeks.（2008，广州中考，26）

A. was flying B. flies C. has flown D. fly

✐基础题练兵：

1. --- Linda, what about go hiking if it ________ tomorrow?

--- Good idea!

A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. not rain D. doesn’t rain

2. I _______ this bike for about two weeks and I like it very much.

A. have bought B.bought C. has bought D. have had

3. --- Have you finished your homework?

--- Not yet. I _______ it in half an hour.

A. finished B. have finished C. will finish D. finish

4. There _______ many trees in front of my house now.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

5. Mr. Green, a famous writer, _______ our school next week.

A. visited B. visits C. was visiting D. will visit

6. Miss Lin ______ a lot of work for the poor area since 2010.

A. does B. did C. had done D. will do

7. Look, so many passengers ________ with their mobile phones on the underground.

A. played B. will play C. are playing D. have played

8. The boy ______ the blind man on his way home yesterday afternoon.

A. apologizes B. apologized C. will apologize D. has apologized

9. --- Your shoes are so old. Why don’t you buy a new pair?

--- Because I _______ all my money on an MP5.

A. spend B. have spent C. am spending D. was spending

10. The American teacher asked us whether we ___________ the USA.

A. had been to B. have been to C. have gone to D. had gone to

11. --- Mr. Lee ______ to a student when I entered the classroom this morning.

--- He is very patient _______ he is young.

A. talking; but B. talks; though C. was talking; though D. talked; however

12. You are too late. The film _______ since half an hour ago.

A. has begun B. has been on C. began D. begins

13. --- Tom, be quiet! The baby ______ in the next room!

--- Ok. Sorry.

A. sleep B. slept C. sleeps D. is sleeping

14. --- Do you know her well ?

--- Sure. We ______ friends since ten years ago.

A. were B. have made C. have been D. have become

15. --- What did Daisy say?

--- She said they ________ a school trip the next weekend.

A. will have B. had C. would have D. have

16. Mary isn’t here at the moment. She _________ later.

A. comes B. came C. has come D. is coming

17. --- Have you ever been to Shanghai?

--- Yes. I ______ there a few months ago.

A. have been B. went C. have gone D. have been to

18. I used to love this film when I was young, but I ______ it that way any more.

A. don’t feel B. didn’t feel C. haven’t felt D. hadn’t felt

19. --- I don’t know if Lucy _______.

--- She ______ if it doesn’t snow, I think.

A. comes; will come B. comes; comes

C. will come; will come D. will come; comes

20. --- What did the teacher say just now?

--- She said that the earth ______ round the sun.

A. went B. goes C. going D. will go

21. --- Is Rose at home?

--- No, she _______ the post office. She _______ there an hour ago.

A. has gone to; went B. has gone to; has been

C. has been to; went D. has been to; has gone

22. Jack and Susan _______ each other since they were children, so nobody was surprised to hear that they were married.

A. knew B. had known C. have known D. were known

23. --- Be careful! A car may hit you.

--- Thank you! I ______ I _______ so close to the road.

A. didn’t know; am standing B. don’t know; am standing

C. didn’t know; was standing D. didn’t know; would stand

24. Look at those clouds. It ________ soon, I’m afraid.

A. rain B. was raining C. is going to rain D. is raining

25. --- What did the teacher say just now?

--- Sorry, I didn’t catch it. I _________ something else.

A. think B. will think C. was thinking D. had thought

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