whether和if引导名词性从句

发布时间:2019-05-27 20:12:09   来源:文档文库   
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whetherif引导名词性从句

(要点精讲)

whetherif是否讲时,都可以引导名词性从句,两者在用法上有相同之处,但也有不同之处。

一、相同之处

1whetherif表示是否时,都能引导宾语从句,这时两者可以互换,常置于seeasklearntellwonderdoubtfind out等动词之后。如:

He asked me whether/if I could help him. 他问我是否我能帮他。

I want to know whether/if he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在那里。

We don’t know whether/if we should go or stay. 我们不知道我们是否该走还是待着。

2be uncertain/doubtful之后,常用whether引导宾语从句,有时也可以用if。如:

We are uncertain whether/if Mary will come. 我们不确定玛丽是否会来。

二、不同之处

1whether可置于句首引导主语从句,而if不能;但如果是it作形式主语,则主语从句中可以用if。如:

Whether he will come is not certain. =It is not certain if/whether he will come.

他是否会来是不确定的。(it作形式主语,则后面的从句中可以用if

2在宾语从句中,如果从句中有or not时,分两种情况:

(1)whetheror not连成一个词组时,whether不可换用if

She asked me whether or not I could finish the task in a day. 她问我是否能在一天之内完成这项任务。

I don’t know whether or not they will come for our help. 我不知道他们是否会来帮我们。

(2)whetheror not不连在一起,在口语中可以用if取代whether

I don’t care if/whether your car breaks down or not.我不在乎你的车是否会出故障。

3whether可用在介词之后,引导宾语从句,而if则不能。如:

Success depends on whether we make enough effort.

成功取决于我们是否做了足够的努力。(on是介词,后面只能用whether

Scientists look at whether climate change is causing bigger ocean waves.

科学家们观察气候变化是否正引起更大的海浪。(at是介词,后面只能用whether

4whether可引导表语从句,if则不能。如:

The question is whether the voters will elect her. 问题是选民是否会选她。

The point is whether he will accept it or not. 关键是他是否会接受。

5在名词之后引导同位语从句时,用whether而不用if。如:

The question whether the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher.

学生是否回答正确的问题应该由老师决定。

There remains the question whether he will be elected in the election. 他是否会在选举中当选仍然是个问题。(该句是倒装句,将状语放在句首了,主语是the questionwhether he will be elected in the election是主语the question的同位语从句)

6whether后可接不定式,而if不能。如:

She can’t decide whether to marry him. 她决定不了是否和他结婚。

She can’t decide whether to tell him the truth. 她决定不了是否告诉他真相。

7在有些动词(如discuss)之后,只能用whether,而不用if引导宾语从句。如:

We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我们讨论了是否应该把店关掉。

8可能造成歧义时,用whether而不用if

Pease let me know whether you are coming.

请告诉我你是否要来。(whether引导宾语从句)

Pease let me know if you are coming.

如果你要来,请告诉我。(if引导状语从句)

(典例剖析)

【例题1______ they can meet the deadline or not is the question.

AIf BWhen CThat DWhether

【答案】D

【解析】在句首引导主语从句而且句中有or not可以确定选whetherif不用于句首。

【难度】一般

(精题精练)

1.They have leading experts in this field, and that’s ______ they’ve made important progress.

Awhere Bwhy Cwhether Dwho

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查表语从句。表语从句的成分完整,所以排除Dwho这个连接代词,根据句意,题干缺少“为什么”的意思,所以选择Bwhy。句意:在这个领域他们有领先的专家,那就是为什么他们取得了重要的进展。

【难度】较易

2.It is certain ______ the president will come to Japan next spring.

Athat Bwhether Cwhile Dwhich

【答案】A

【解析】句意:董事长明年春天会来日本是肯定的。根据certain可排除B项,从句意思完整,不缺成分,故选A项。

【难度】较易

3.______ you should stop smoking is the biggest decision you have to make.

AIf BUnless CWhat DWhether

【答案】D

【解析】该句可用排除法。If表示如果引导状语从句,但这里很显然不是,表示是否不用于句首,排除A项;Unless除非What“……的(事)Whether是否。代入句子,排除BC项;故选D项。句意:是否应该停止吸烟是你不得不做出的最重大的决定。

【难度】容易

4.The problem is ______ he will agree with us or not.

Aif Bwhether Cthat Dwhy

【答案】B

【解析】根据句中有or not,排除CD项;空格处要引导的是表语从句,而if不能引导表语从句,故只能选B项。

【难度】一般

5.The judge remarked that the real question was ______ he could establish an alibi(不在场证明).

Aafter Bbecause Cif Dwhether

【答案】D

【解析】句意:法官评论真正的问题是他是否能够确立一个不在场证明。空缺处引导表语从句,排除C项,if不能引导表语从句;根据句意,选D项。

【难度】一般

6.He sometimes asked himself the question ______ his research was worth devoting his life to.

Athat Bif Cwhether Dhow

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他有时候问自己这个问题——他的研究是否值得将他的毕生都投入进去。根据句意,可见是表示怀疑,所以要选表是否的词;而空缺处引导同位语从句,______ his research was worth devoting his life tothe question的同位语,if不能引导同位语从句,故选C项。

【难度】一般

7.It’s better to understand _____ you don’t understand when you read a story.

Ahow Bwhether Cwhat Dthat

【答案】C

【解析】分析句子,可知空格处后面是宾语从句,在这个宾语从句中缺少宾语,根据句意,可知选C。句意:当你读一篇故事的时候,你最好去理解你不懂的内容。

【难度】困难

8.Growing evidence shows _______ exercising won’t protect us if we sit too much.

Awhen Bwhat Cthat Dwhether

【答案】C

【解析】分析句子可知,_______ exercising won’t protect us if we sit too much.宾语从句,而且在从句中没有缺少任何的句子成分,同时也不需要任何的疑问词。根据句意,可知选C。句意:越来越多的证据显示,如果我们坐太久的话,运动也不能保护我们的。

【难度】较易

9.The question ______ you should take this medicine should be decided by your family doctor.

Awhy Bwhether Cif Dthat

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你是否应该吃这副药的问题应该由你的家庭医生来决定。这里空格后是同位语从句,不能由if引导。根据句意,故选B

【难度】较易

10.It remains to be seen ______ this plan is practical enough to keep the project going.

Awhether Bhow Cwhere Dwhen

【答案】A

【解析】此处it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的主语从句。句意:这个计划是否足够可行以使这个项目继续下去有待于时间来验证。根据句意及语法结构可知,选A

【难度】较易

11.There is a common belief among the students in our school ______ they should make great efforts to learn and reach the peak of their academic performances.

Awhich Bif Cthat Dwhether

【答案】C

【解析】根据句意,后面从句是对belief的解释说明,从句意思完整,不缺少成分,所以用that引导同位语从句。句意:在我们学校的学生们中有一个共同的信念:那就是他们应该努力去学习并且达到他们学业表现的巅峰。故选C

【难度】一般

12.It remains to be seen ______ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.

Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhether

【答案】D

【解析】考查主语从句的引导词。句意:(人们)对新成立的委员会的政策能否被贯彻实施拭目以待。从结构判断,主语从句不缺少成分,故排除BC两项,根据句意,表是否,故选D

【难度】容易

13.—I wonder ______ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.

—By working out every day.

A. where Bhow Cwhy Dif

【答案】B

【解析】考查宾语从句。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的,所以是针对方式提问,故用howhow可以对方式进行提问。句意:——我想知道玛丽在这些年是怎么保持身材的。——通过每天锻炼。故选B

【难度】较易

14.

下面短文有10处语言错误,请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词,

2.只允许修改10处。

I received your letter dated April 16 the day ago yesterday. Every of our family are greatly delighted to learn whether you are getting along very well with your lessons. Time passes quickly. In dozens of day, you’ll finish middle school. What please us most is that you do very good to make up your mind to enter for the college entrance examination this summer. What wonderful it is! Dad, as well as Mom and I, are with you. We wish you to make better use your time. The fuller preparations if you make, the surer of success you’ll certainly be.

【答案】

(1)第一行ago改成before

(2)Every改成All

(3)第二行whether→that

(4)第三行day→days

(5)第三行please→pleases

(6)第三行good→well

(7)第四行What→How

(8)第五行are→is

(9)第五行use后加of

(10)第七行去掉if

【解析】

(1)the day before yesterday是固定词组,意为前天

(2)根据句意,是表示我们家中所有的人,而every是形容词,后面要加名词,后面不能直接跟介词,故将every改为all

(3)句意:我们家中所有的人都很高兴地获悉你的功课进展得很好。whether意为是否,跟语境不搭,而且从句中不缺成分,意思完整,故把whether改为that

(4)dozens of表示几十,许多,后面跟名词的复数形式,故把day改为它的复数形式days

(5)what是单数形式,全文又用的是一般现在时,故谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

(6)do是动词,修饰动词要用副词,故把good改为well

(7)因为修饰的是形容词wonderful,所以感叹句开头要用howwhat修饰的是名词。

(8)主语是Dad,是单数,而as well as Mom and I是插入语,并不是主语,所以谓语动词要用单数。

(9)make use of意为“使用,利用”。

(10)最后一句句意:你准备的越充分,你成功的把握就越大。句意中没有“if”的意思,故要去掉。

【难度】一般

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