必修二第四单元
Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1.respond vi.回答,答复;响应,作出反应
response n. 回答,回复;反应
respond to sb./sth.回答(比 answer, reply to正式)
respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.) 用……回应某人(事)
respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应
response to sb./sth. (对人/物)的回答/回复/反应
in response to 作为对……的反应
[即学即练1]
(1)They still haven't ____________ my letter.
他们至今仍没有回我的信。
(2)He ____________ my suggestion ________ a laugh/______ laughing. 他对我的建议报以一笑。
(3)His illness didn't ____________ treatment by drugs.
他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。
(4)My mother opened the door ____________________ the knock, but there was no one outside.
听到敲门声后,我妈妈打开了门,但外面一个人都没有。
responded to , responded to , with , by , respond to , in response to
2.certain adj. 确定的;无疑的;某(种)
(1)作“某(种)”讲时,同义于 some.但 some 前不加冠词。
for a certain reason=for some reason 由于某种原因
certain professors=some professors 某些教授
a certain amount of time 相当一段时间
(2)作“确信的,有把握的”讲时,同义于 sure.但是 certain 的主语既可以是人,也可用于It is certain that...句型,而 sure 主语只能是人。
“be certain/sure+从句”(人)有把握/确信……(表示主语的信念)
be certain/sure of/about sth. (人)确信(表示主语的信念)
be certain/sure to do sth. 必定/肯定会做某事(主语常为二、三人称,表示说话人的信念)
“make certain/sure+从句”弄清楚/确保……
make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚
for certain/sure 确定地,确切地(做状语)
It is certain that... 一定会……(不能用 sure)
[即学即练2]
(1)There was _________________ in his manner.他的态度有点冷淡。
(2)Are you ____________________ it?你对此有把握吗?
(3)He is __________________ his duty.他肯定会尽职。
(4)_________________ he has wronged me.我确信他冤枉了我。
(5)_________________ their team will win the match.他们队肯定会赢得比赛。
a certain coldness , certain about/of , certain to do , I’m certain that , It’s certain that
3.contain vt. 包含;容纳(=hold);抑制(=control)
[即学即练3]
(1)His paper ___________ no mistakes at all.
他的试卷没有一点错误。
(2)Orange juice ____________ things which help keep you healthy.
橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。
(3)This bottle ___________ two glasses of beer.
这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。
(4)He couldn't ____________ for joy.他不胜欢喜。
contained , contains , contains , contain himself
4.affect vt.影响;感动;(疾病)侵袭
be greatly/deeply affected 很/深受感动
be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉
be affected with high fever 发高烧
[即学即练4]
(1)The amount of rain ______ the growth of crops.降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。
(2)One of her lungs ____________ a little so that she has to rest.她的一叶肺有些感染,所以她不得不休息。
(3)The audience ____________________ by his speech.
听众被他的演讲深深打动了。
affects , is affected , were deeply affected
5.appreciate vt. 欣赏;感激;喜欢
appreciation n. 欣赏;感激
appreciate sth. (thank sb.) 感激某事或某人
appreciatedoing sth.感激做某事
one/one's doing sth.感激某人做某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……,我将不胜感激。
[即学即练5]
(1)He highly __________________________.
他非常感谢他的帮助。
(2)We shall ___________________________ you again.
我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。
(3)I really ____________________________ to the party.
你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。
(4)I would ______________________ you could help me.
如果你能帮助我,我将不胜感激。
appreciated his help
appreciate hearing from
appreciate your coming
appreciate it if
6.succeed v.成功
success n. [U]成功;成就 [C]成功的人或事
successful adj. 成功的
successfully adv. 成功地
succeed in doing sth.
have success in doing sth.
be successful in doing sth.成功做某事
achieve great success 取得巨大的成功
sb./sth. is a success 成功的人或事
[即学即练6]
(1)We all _____________________ the mid-term examination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。
(2)Failure is the mother of __________.失败是成功之母。
(3)He was _________________________ as a novelist.
他是非常成功的小说家。
succeeded in passing , success , a success
7.harm vt. & n.损害;危害
harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to=do harm to
do sb. harm=do harm to sb.对……有害
There is no harm in doing sth.
=It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.
做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)。
[即学即练7]
(1)The dog seems fierce, but it won’t ______ anyone.这条狗看上去很凶,但它不会伤害任何人。
(2)Fruit juice can ______________________ children’s teeth.
果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。
(3)He may say no, but ___________________________ asking.他可能拒绝,但问一问也无妨。
harm , be harmful to , there is no harm in
8.die out 灭亡,逐渐消失
die out 绝种,灭绝;熄灭;(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失
die off(家族、种族等)相继死亡;(草木)先后枯死
die away(声音、光线、风等)渐弱,渐息,平息
die down(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱,渐息;(声音)静下来
die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等
die from 指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死
[即学即练8]
(1) Scientists said that those plants ______ a century ago.
科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。
(2) Many old customs ___________________________.
许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。
(3)If the snowstorm does not blow over, the cattle will ______________.
如果暴风雪不停息,牲畜就要死掉了。
(4)Open the air hole; the fire is ___________________.
把气孔打开,火要熄了。
died out , are dying out , die off , dying down
(5)Every winter some old people _______________ hypothermia.
每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。
(6)Nowadays many people ________________ cancer.
现在有很多人死于癌症。
die from , die of
9.in danger (of...)处于危险之中
out of danger 脱离危险
[即学即练9]
(1)The drowned girl was obviously
_________________________.
很明显,那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。
(2)The old house is _________________ collapse.
那所老房子有倒塌的危险。
(3)They were told at the hospital that their grandmother was _________________.
他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危险了。
in immediate danger , in danger of , out of danger
拓展:与 in/out of 搭配的短语
in order 有秩序
in sight 看得见
in trouble 在困境中
in line 成行(队)
in place 适合/当
in fashion 时尚out of order出故障(机器等工作不正常)
out of sight 看不见
out of trouble 摆脱困境
out of line 不成一直线
out of place 不合适
out of fashion 过时
10.protect...from/against... 保护……免受……(的伤害)
defend...from/against...保卫……以抵制……
keep sb. from doing
stop sb. (from) doing
prevent sb. (from) doing阻止某人做
[即学即练10]
(1)Young plants should be well ______________ the cold.
幼苗必须被很好地保护以免受冻。
(2)The hen ___________ its young ___________ being attacked by the cat. 母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的袭击。
(3)Everyone should take up arms to __________ our country from invasion.
每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。
(4)Nothing can ______ us ______ realizing our dreams.
什么也不能阻止我们实现梦想。
protected from , protected , against , defend , stop , from
提示:(1)protect against 和 protect from 意思相似,有时可互换。但是,对于较大的事情,如:敌人的入侵、天灾等,常用 protect against, 对于较小的事情常用 protect from.
(2)在 protect...from/against... 结构中,from和 against 后面常跟 sth.,有时 against 后跟 being done 来强调动作的被动性。
(3)主动句中 prevent/stop...from...中的 from 可省略,在被动句中 from不可省略,而 keep...from...中的 from无论是在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。
11.pay attention to 注意
Attention, please! 请注意! (演讲用语)
(=May I have your attention, please?)
attract/catch/draw/get one's attention to 吸引某人的注意
fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on 将注意力集中于
devote one's attention to 专心致志于
call one's attention to 唤起某人对……的注意
提示:以上短语中的 to、on都是介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词。
[即学即练11]
(1)She ______________________________ her appearance.
她很注重外表。
(2)A great deal of attention has been ______________ protecting the environment.
人们已对保护环境投入很多精力。
paid much attention to , paid to
12.come into being 出现;形成;产生
bring...into being 使形成;使产生
for the time being 暂时;眼下
[即学即练12]
(1)We don't know when the universe ________________________.
我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。
(2)Such a custom ______________________ long ago.
这种风俗很久以前就有了。
came into being , came into being
提示:come into being是不及物动词短语,无被动形式,无进行时。类似短语有:come into power 当权
come into effect 生效
come into action 开始行动
come into office 就职
come into sight 看得见
come into use 开始使用
易 错 点 拨 自我完善?误区备考
1. contain/include
(1)contain 意为“包含,含有,容纳,里面装有”,指的是包含的全部内容或容量,也可指里面所含的成分。其宾语与主语常是同位关系,不用于进行时态。
(2)include 意为“包含;连……在内,计入,算入,包括”,只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分,其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。常用 “including+被包括部分”或“被包括部分+included”。如:
Many people like tennis, including me/me included. 许多人喜欢网球,也包括我/我也在内。
[应用1] 用 contain和 include的适当形式填空。
(1)The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It _____________ a lot of fruit and green vegetables.
(2)Everyone took part in the fight against the flood, _____________ old people.
(3)The __________ can __________ 100 litres of water.
includes , including , container , contain
2. affect/effect/influence
(1)affect 常做及物动词,“影响,感动,感染”。
(2)effect 常做名词,“结果,效果,作用,影响”,常用于词组:have an effect on/upon sb. 对……有影响,take effect 生效,实行,come/go into effect 开始生效,开始实施。
(3)influence 可做动词也可做名词,表示“影响、感染”的意思时,是指使思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。它可以指坏的影响,也可以指好的影响,这种影响常常是潜移默化的。
[应用2] (1)Probably we ______________ each other.
(2)To _________ a policy is to have an _________ on it.
influenced , affect , effect
高 效 作 业 自我测评?技能备考
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.This hat will give p_____________ against the hot sun.
2.My wallet c______________ two hundred yuan and my passport was lost when I was shopping.
3.Mrs Brown's dog b______ the mailman when he was delivering newspapers yesterday afternoon.
4.Both bees and butterflies belong to i__________.
5.The mother is r________ her baby against mosquitoes.
6.You'd better __________(存留) the money for future need.
7.We'll go _____________(打猎) tomorrow.
8.We greatly ___________(感谢,感激) your timely help.
9.She turned her ____________(注意力) to new problems.
10.The dog looks __________ (凶恶). You'd better keep away from it.
Ⅱ .单项选择
1.The driver was at ______ loss when ______ word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.
A.a; the B./; / C.the; the D.a; /
2.It is______that his English is______perfect.
A.sure; very B.right; rather C.exact; fairly D.certain; quite
3.Stop ______ this kind of snakes. They are ______.
A.hunting; dying out B.to hunt; dying out
C.hunting; dying away D.to hunt; dying down
4.I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early ______ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A.as soon as B.as a result C.in case D.so that
5. Are you driving to the airport, sir I'd appreciate ______ if you could give me a lift.
A.that B.you C.this D.it
6.More attention should be ______ equipment in our factory so that we can increase our production.
A.paid to improving B.paid to improve C.taken to improve D.taken to improving
7.-How many passengers were in the plane
-It ______ 100, 20 Chinese ______.
A.contained; included
B.contained; including
C.included; contained
D.contained; containing
8.The disease failed to______to the new drugs the doctor applied.
A.respond B.turn C.reply D.refer
9.Much ______ by the story of Cong Fei, I am also determined to be a volunteer worker.
A.affected B.appreciated C.admired D.effected
10.There may be kinds of infectious (传染的) diseases in public places. You should keep your children______to the places where people are crowded.
A.not go B.not to go C.going D.from going
11.After a heated discussion at the meeting, a new plan came ______ being, which would have a great effect ______the cultural life of the people.
A.into; for B.to; to C.from; at D.into; on
12.Nobody knows exactly how many years it will be ______ the Chinese football team enters the final stage of the World Cup.
A.when B.since C.before D.until
13.She was knocked ______ by a car and now was still ______.
A.down; in danger B.off; dangerous C.down; dangerous D.off; in danger
14.—Excuse me, what time is it now
—Sorry, my watch ______. It ______ at the shop.
A.isn't working; is being repaired
B.doesn't work; is being repaired
C.isn't working; is repaired
D.doesn't work; is repaired
15.—My car started up at last.
—You should have it repaired ______ it's working now.
A.as long as B.as though C.even though D.in case
protection , containing , bit , insects , rubbing
reserve , hunting , appreciate , attention , fierce
1.答案:D解析:考查冠词。at a loss 迷惘不知所措,且 word 指“消息”时,无冠词。
2答案:D解析:考查 It is certain that...句式,quite 是副词“相当”,修饰形容词 perfect.句意为:“他的英语相当好,这是真的。”
3答案:A解析:stop doing “停止做某事”,而 stop to do 表示“停下来去做某事”。第二空 die out “灭绝”。
4答案:D解析:句意为:“我想早到20分钟,目的是为了我能有时间喝杯茶”。so that 引导目的状语从句。
5答案:D解析:语意:先生,你是开车去机场吗?如果你能载我一程,我将非常感激。根据语意可知,it为形式宾语,代替真正的宾语if you could give me a lift.
6答案:A解析:考查 pay attention to doing sth.的被动结构。
7答案:A解析:contain容纳,包含;include包括。第二空用sb./sth. included或including sb./sth.。
8答案:A解析:respond to起反应,回答,响应;turn to转向;reply to回信,对……作出回答,对……作出反应;refer to提及
9答案:A解析:表示“受到……的影响”,且在句中做状语,用 affected.
10答案:D解析:keep sb./sth. from doing sth.意思是“阻止(人或物)做某事”,其中介词from不能省
11答案:D解析:考查短语 come into being “形成”和 have an effect on “对……有影响”。
12答案:C解析:考查句型 “it will be+一段时间+before...”“多久以后,才……”。
13答案:A解析:knock down 撞倒;knock...off... 把……从……上撞下来;in danger 处于危险中;dangerous 危险的。
14答案:B解析:考查动词的时态和语态。第一空用一般现在时说明实际情况;第二空用现在进行时态的被动形式表示此时的状态
15答案:C解析:句意为“即使车还能工作,你也应该把它修一修”。even though=even if 引导让步状语从句,意为“即使”。
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