第40卷第2期新疆石油地质Vol.40，No.22019年4月XINJIANG PETROLEUM GEOLOGY Apr.2019©2018Xinjiang Petroleum Geology.Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0International License 收稿日期：2018-06-22修订日期：2018-10-25基金项目：国家科技重大专项（2016ZX05027-001-006）作者简介：张金亮（1962-），男，山东寿光人，教授，沉积学及石油地质，（Tel ）139********（E-mail ）jinliang@bnu.edu.cn Fluvial Facies Styles and Their Sedimentary Facies ModelsZHANG Jinliang(Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)Abstract:The paper carries out the sedimentological analysis on fluvial styles and divides the channel system into single channel and mul⁃tiple channel (or composite channel)systems.Straight channel,meandering channel and braided channel belong to single channel system,while anastomosed channel and other distributive fluvial systems belong to multiple channel system.Thick point bar,channel thalweg⁃fill⁃ing sediment and counter point bar are the parts of meandering fluvial facies.An upward⁃finning meandering channel sequence is mainly composed of several microfacies such as thalweg deposit,sand bar complexes and over⁃bank fines.The architecture of a braided channel sandbody is very complex,and various large scale bedforms are distributed crisscrossly,the sandbodies in the channel can be divided into mid⁃channel sand bar,mid⁃channel sand sheet and several non⁃framework microfacies.The anastomosed river may be composed of braided river,meandering river and straight river,in another word,the single channel of anastomosed river can be divided into bedload channel,mixed⁃load channel and suspended⁃load channel.Terminal fan,meandering river fan,braided river fan and even some subaerial delta sys⁃tems can be summarized into the distributive fluvial system.In fact,in the distributive fluvial system,the nature of the river has changed and the channel has been transformed from a confined channel to an unconfined channel.The concept of the distributive fluvial system is too general and broad,across the boundaries of different systems.There are many limitations in precise characterization of fluvial microfa⁃cies due to the great differences among different fluvial sand bodies.Keywords:fluvial facies;single channel system;multiple channel system;straight river;meandering river;braided river;anastomosed river;distributive fluvial system 文章编号：1001-3873（2019）02-0244-09DOI ：10.7657/XJPG20190220河流沉积相类型及相模式张金亮（北京师范大学地理科学学部，北京100875）摘要：对河流类型进行沉积学分析，将河道体系分为单河道和多河道（或复合河道）体系，顺直河、曲流河和辫状河为单河道体系，而网状河和其他分支河归于多河道体系，单河道一般由细粒漫岸沉积所限定。在曲流河沉积相中，河道内除了河道深泓充填沉积和厚的点坝外，还可能出现反向点坝。在一个向上变细的曲流河层序中，主要由河槽充填沉积、沙坝沉积复合体和上部的漫岸细粒沉积组成。辫状河砂体结构非常复杂，各种大型底形纵横分布，河道内的砂体至少可以划分为河心坝和河心滩2个砂体微相和多个非骨架相。网状河可以由辫状河、曲流河和顺直河等交织在一起组成，或者说组成网状河的单河道可以是底负载河道、混合负载河道和悬移负载河道。末端扇、曲流河扇、辫状河扇乃至某些陆上三角洲体系等都可以纳入分支河体系，实际上在这种分支河体系中，河道性质也发生了变化，河道类型已经由限定性河道转化为非限定性河道。可见分支河这个概念太笼统太宽泛，跨越了不同的体系界限。由于不同河道砂体差别较大，河流沉积微相的精确表征还有较大的局限性。关键词：河流沉积相；单河道体系；多河道体系；顺直河；曲流河；辫状河；网状河；分支河中图分类号：TE111.3文献标识码：A河流沉积在地质记录中很常见，存在于太古代—第四纪的所有地层中，分布于世界不同的地区，在合适的地质地理条件下，河流沉积厚度可达数千米，并富含石油、天然气、煤、金、铀等重要的资源。河流沉积学概念的提出最早可追溯到英国地质学家查理士·莱伊尔，他在1830年所著的《地质学原理》中对新奥尔良附近的密西西比河的曲流河段进行研究。在中国中—新生界陆相沉积盆地中，河流沉积分布广泛，例如陕甘宁盆地侏罗系、松辽盆地白垩系、渤海湾盆地新近系、准噶尔盆地侏罗系和塔里木盆地新近系等[1-8]。据不完全统计，河流沉积储集层中的石油储量占到了中国目前已开发油田动用储量的一半左右，因此，研究河流沉积环境和沉积相对油气勘探开发具有重要意义[9]。
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