人教版高中英语选修六
知识点梳理
重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习
话题语言应用——诗歌
语言积累
交际用语
表示意愿
I’m (not) going to ... 我（不）打算...
How are you going to ...? 你打算怎样去......？
If I were..., I would (have)... 如果我是你，我会...
I plan to... 我计划......
I’m looking forward to sth./ doing sth. 我渴望某物/ 做某事。
话题词句
表示诗歌的词汇：
poem 诗 poetry 诗（总称） poet 诗人
nursery rhyme 童谣 cinquain 五行诗 haiku 俳句
list poem 清单诗 Tang poem/poetry 唐诗 limerick 五行打油诗
diamante poetry 钻石诗 rhyme （押）韵 rhythm 节奏
rhyming words/ lines 押韵的词/行
谈论诗歌的词语：
1）
express/ convey feelings/emotions 表达/传达情感
recall an enjoyable or unpleasant incident 回忆愉快的或不悦的往事
describe a person / a river scene描述人物/ 河边景色
describe an aspect of a season 描写季节的一个方面
about things that don’t make sense 有关费解的事情
2）
recite ... to a baby 背诵给婴儿......
has rhyming words at the end of lines 在诗行的结尾处有押韵的词
repeat words or phrases 重复词或短语
have a lot of repetition 有许多重复
give a clear picture in your mind 在你心中清晰地勾勒出一幅图画
简单形式的英语诗：
1. Nursery rhymes童谣
Nursery rhymes are the first poems that children will hear. They are often sung. Children love to move and dance to nursery rhymes and songs because they have strong regular rhythms. They enjoy the rhymes and the way the nursery rhyme plays with sounds.
2. List poems 清单诗
A list poem is a list of things. It can have as many lines as the writer likes. Sometimes they have repetition in them and sometimes they have words that rhyme. When a list poem has rhyming words, it also has a regular rhythm.
清单诗可长可短，可以重复一些词语，较为灵活。有些清单诗有韵脚，有些则没有。如果有韵脚，一般也有规律的节奏。
3. Cinquain poems 五行诗
A cinquain is made up of five lines and has the following structure:
Line 1: a noun that names the subject of the poem (一个说明主题的名词)
Line 2: two adjectives that describe the subject (两个描写主题的形容词)
Line 3: three verbs ending with –ing that describe the subject’s actions (三个-ing形式的动词，描写主题的动作)
Line 4: four words that give the writer’s opinions or feelings about the subject （四个词，给出作者对主题的态度、情感）
Line 5: a word that gives another name for the subject （一个词，主题的另一种表述）
例文欣赏：
Sunshine
Lovely, cheerful
Warming, welcoming, calming
I sing with you
Brightness
4. Haike poems 俳句
The haiku is a centuries-old form of Japanese poetry. It is made up of 17 syllables and has the following structure: 古老的日本诗歌形式，由17个音节组成，结构如下：
Line 1: 5 syllables
Line 2: 7 syllables
Line 3: 5 syllables
A haiku poem is almost like a photo or painting as it creates a strong image in very few words. It is often an observation of nature or of the changing seasons.
俳句就像照片或绘画一样，用很少的词描绘出给人印象深刻的景象，经常是对自然界或季节变换的观察。
例文欣赏：
I look at the sky
The moonlight is really bright
And it is so quiet
有用句子----- 试试你会了吗？
1）一些诗以一种给读者强烈印象的方式描述某件事。
Some poems describe something in a way _____________________________.
2) (童谣的) 语言具体，但富有想象力，这能使小孩子们快乐，因为他们押韵，节奏感强，并较多重复。
The language is ___________ but ___________, and they _________ small children because they ________, have _____________ and a lot of _________.
3) 这些诗歌不一定有什么意义，甚至（有的）似乎自相矛盾，但是它们容易背诵。
The poems may not _________ and even _____________, but they are _____________.
4) 如果我们没有放松警惕，如果我们没有精疲力竭，我们本来会赢的。
If we ____________________, if we __________________, we would ___________.
5) 如果我们让大批球迷助威（大声尖叫），如果我死死盯住球，如果我头晚没有熬夜
if we ________ thousands of fans __________, if I hadn’t _______________, if I _______ the night before
6) 俳句是一种日本诗，由17个音节组成。
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry _________________________.
7) 它可以用最少的词语表达出一种特殊的感情。
It can create a special feeling ___________________________ of words.
8) 有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。
With ____________different forms of poetry _____________, students may eventually want to write poems ________________.
9) 它比你想象的要容易，绝对值得一试。
It is easier _________________________ and certainly ___________.
10) 如果我们让Mr Han训练我们，我们就得冠军了。
We __________________________, if we had ________________ us.
参考答案：
1) that will give the readers a strong impression
2) concrete; imaginative; delight; rhyme; strong rhythm; repetition
3) make sense; seem contradictory; easy to recite
4) hadn’t taken it easy; hadn’t run out of energy; have won
5) had had; screaming; taken my eye off the ball；hadn’t stayed up
6) (that is) made up of 17 syllables
7) using the minimum
8) so many; to choose from; of their own
9) than you might think; worth a try
10) would have won the championship; got Mr. Han to coach
写作应用
尝试写英语诗
1. 诗歌的基本要素：
1）押韵(Rhyme)
押韵（rhyme）是指一个音节的读音在以后音节(syllable)读音中的重复，或是一个单词的最后一个音节或几个音节的读音在以后音节相应位置的读音重复。有许多押韵的形式：如例，每两行押韵，是AA，BB式。在例
中，第一、三行押韵，第二、四行押韵，这是AB，AB式。例
中，第二、四行押韵，是ABCB式。
I saw a fish-pond all on fire, (A)
I saw a house bow to a squire, (A)
I saw a person twelve-feet high, (B)
I saw a cottage in the sky. (B)
I saw a fish-pond all on fire, (A)
I saw a person twelve-feet high, (B)
I saw a house bow to a squire, (A)
I saw a cottage in the sky. (B)
I’ve saved the summer (A)
And I give it all to you (B)
To hold on winter mornings (C)
When the snow is new. (B)
注释：pond 池塘 bow 鞠躬 squire 地主，乡绅 cottage 小屋，村舍
2）节奏（Rhythm）
英语诗的节奏简单来说是指诗行中的节拍（beat），一般一个重读音节（stressed syllable）后紧跟着一个非重读音节，这样读时声音就会响亮然后柔和。诗人使用重复和声音模式（如押韵）来制造节奏，根据诗行中的音节和重读节奏来计算韵律。
3）声音模式（Sound patterns）
除了押韵，诗人还用其他的声音模式，如：头韵（alliteration）。头韵是指重复同一个辅音（consonant），例如：slippery，slimy，snails; drying, drooping, dreading。头韵可以产生各种各样的感觉、情绪和活动。
4）形象化描述（Imagery）
诗人经常用精巧的文字组合来创造映像，使读者在脑海中形成一定的画面，使读者更好的理解诗歌。形象化描述也能够创造气氛。本单元中的五行诗、俳句和唐诗都有很好的形象化描述。有许多方式可以进行形象化描述，如“明喻（......像......）”。
2. 写作时间（1）【Unit 2语言应用 Writing Activity例文】
Writing Activity：“Colors of the Seasons”Poetry
一个诗人写诗时要经历什么样的思考过程呢？
1) Brainstorm things (nouns) associated with autumn. Which words can be grouped together by color? 想想与秋天有关的词。有哪些词可以描写秋天的颜色呢？
Sample poem: 样诗：
Autumn is orange like a pumpkin
2) How do writers often use figurative (比喻) language to make their writing more interesting? 作者经常如何用比喻使诗歌更有趣呢？
Sample poem:
Autumn is orange like a pumpkin, a school bus, and a pencil.
3) Would it be more interesting with more descriptive language? Think about the senses — sight, smell, touch, hearing, taste. 更多的描述性语言是不是能够把诗变得更有趣？想想感官的感觉——视觉呀、味道呀、触摸的感觉、听到的声音呀......
Autumn is orange 秋日是橘黄的like a lumpy (多块的) pumpkin waiting to be picked, 像多块的南瓜待采摘，a noisy school bus on the first day of school, 像第一个上学日吵闹的校车，and the new pencil resting on my desk. 像躺在桌上那支新铅笔。
4) Can you write more stanzas (诗节) about autumn by thinking of the different colors? 你能用不同的颜色写出更多的有关秋天的诗节吗？
让我们欣赏一下著名诗人Eric Ode的诗歌吧。
Autumn is Orange
By Eric Ode
Autumn is orange like a lumpy pumpkin waiting to be picked, a noisy school bus on the first day of school, and the Number 2 pencil resting on my desk.
Autumn is brown like a new Wilson football, a Thanksgiving turkey just pulled from the oven, and the sticky mud caked in the soles of my sneakers.
Autumn is yellow like a bouncing tennis ball, my new 3-ring binder, and the flickering flame on a Halloween candle.
注释：
lumpy 多块的 sticky 粘的 cake 结成块的 sole 鞋底
oven 烤箱，炉子 sneaker 运动鞋 bouncing 跳跃的
binder活页夹 flickering摇曳的 flame 火苗 ■
本单元的写作部分要求我们学写一首英语诗，这不但能提高我们的学习英语知识的兴趣，还能激发我们的学习潜能，所以让我们努力尝试和体验吧。
在诗歌写作中，我们应注意：
1）明确诗歌所反映的主旋律，并以此构思内容。
2）选择适合主题的诗歌形式，如五行诗、清单诗等。
3）在选定的格式下，构思词句，发挥丰富的想象力和创造力。
4）诗歌写完后，要进行润色修饰。如果要押韵，选择同义且能押韵的词，以使诗歌意境优美、感人并朗朗上口。
3. 写作时间（2）
Writing Activity：How to write poems about feelings
1) 写出表示“情感”的词，如：sad， mad，crazy，happy，miserable (悲惨的)...
2）选出一种“情感”。
3）回答下列问题之一：
● When do I feel...?
● Why do I feel...?
● How does it feel to be...?
4) 把答案组成小诗，修改(revise)、润色(polish)。
例文：
I feel miserable when...
I have a big maths test coming up so I have to study instead of watching my favourite TV.
My mother doesn’t believe I have a fever, so I can’t stay home and miss a big maths test I didn’t study for.
My teacher doesn’t believe I have a fever and refuses to send me to the school nurse until after the maths test.
I got a “D” on the maths test.
Writing Activity：How to write a respect poem
思考：向谁表示尊敬？表示尊敬的方法有什么？
例文：
I show respect for the bus driver by (smiling to him)...
I show respect for my teacher by...
I show respect for the canteen monitor by...
I show respect for my fellow students by...
I show respect for gate keeper by...
...
4. 话题写作范文：
If I were leaves, you would be the tree
You nourish (养育) me
If I were planets, you would be the whole universe
You hold me in the arm
You are my parents
You are so selfless
You bring up me without asking for anything
I love you forever
If I have to say something,
Are thousand times of sorry enough?
If I have to say something,
Do you believe what happened was not I have expected?
If I have to say something,
Who would give us the magic power with which we could fly back to the past days?
If I have to say something,
Will we forgive each other for what we have done?
If I have to say something,
Can I sweep the shadow swallowing us?
If I Could Catch a Rainbow
If I could catch a rainbow
I would do it just for you
And share with you its beauty
On the days you’re blue.
If I could build a mountain
You could call your very own
A place to find serenity (宁静)
A place to be alone.
If I could take your troubles
I would toss（抛）them into the sea
But all these things I’m finding
Are impossible for me.
I cannot build a mountain
Or catch a rainbow fair
But let me be what I know best
A friend that’s always there.
5. 话题作文拓展
作文要求：
Limerick是一种很受欢迎的五行打油诗，请根据以下诗歌写一篇短文，描述该诗的写作特点和中心思想。
Don’t read your teenager’s diary
Life at home could become fiery
When parents ask
It’s an easier task
Just make a discreet enquiry
提示词：fiery 激烈的；discreet 小心的
参考范文：
This five-line limerick follows the rhyming pattern of AABBA. That is to say “diary”, “fiery” and “enquiry” in Lines 1, 2 and 5 are rhyming words while “ask” and task”, which are in Lines 4 and 5, are also rhyming words. This poem is easy to understand. It’s written to give some advice to parents on how to get along well with their teenage children. It says that it’s not wise for parents to learn about their children by reading their diaries. Children will get angry when their privacy is invaded. A better and easier way is to speak with the children themselves.
5. 短诗欣赏
A Cinquain poem
Players,
Proud and joyful
Take a well deserved rest.
Dedication and sacrifice
Paid off.
注释：deserved 应得的 dedication 献身 sacrifice 牺牲 pay off还清(债务等), 赢利
A List poem
What is Love
Love is giving,
Love is living,
Love is taking someone’s load,
Love helps them along the road.
Love is caring,
Love is sharing,
Love will seek the best for others,
Love treats everyone as brothers.
A Haiku poem
A Rainbow
Curving up, then down.
Meeting blue sky and green earth
Melding sun and rain.
A fallen blossom
is coming back to the branch.
Look, a butterfly!
(by Moritake)
A Tang poem
So bright a gleam on the foot of my bed—
Could there have been a frost already?
Lifting myself to look, I found that it was moonlight,
Sinking back again, I thought suddenly of home.
静夜思
床前明月光，疑是地上霜；
举头望明月，低头思故乡。
其他：
A Student's Prayer
Now I lie down to rest
I pray I pass tomorrow’s test
To My Parents, Thank you
You were always there
To help me
You were always there
To guide me
You were always there
To laugh with me
……
But most important
You were always there
To love me
Seasons （四季）
Spring is green,
Summer is bright,
Autumn is gold,
Winter is white.
Year in, year out,
We work and fight
For a new world of red sunlight.
Say Goodbye to Cambridge Again
Very quietly I take my leave
As quietly as I came here;
Quietly I wave good-bye
To the rosy clouds in the western sky.
轻轻的我走了，正如我轻轻的来； 我轻轻的招手, 作别西天的云彩
Enjoy yourself
People meet and people pass by
Some laugh while some cry
Some give up while some always try
Some say hi while some say bye
Others may forget you but never I.
Our art teacher, Mr Shaw, Really knows how to draw. But his awful paintings Have caused many faintings.
If you were the only girl in the world
If you were the only girl in the world
And I were the only boy
Nothing else would matter in the world today
We could go on loving in the same old way
A garden of Eden just made for two
With nothing to mar our joy
There would be such wonderful things to do
I would say such wonderful things to you
If you were the only girl in the world
And I were the only boy!
(Lyric--歌词)
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