动词的形式-----谓语动词和非谓语动词
突破点（一）--如何确定非谓语动词还是谓语动词
若句中找不到谓语，则所给动词就作谓语
(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般，空格所在的句子中无其他动词，那么这个空就应该填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等。例如2016全国 Then, handle the most important tasks so you will feel a real sense of achievement .Leave the less important things until tomorrow ---63 (be) often acceptable.
分析：该句中主语为动名词leaving -----,故所给动词作谓语，谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，且根据语境知时态为一般现在时故填is
例二2016四川高考 The giant panda ---61 (love) by people through the world.
分析：句中没有谓语故空格处应该做谓语。大熊猫为世界各地人们所喜爱是个客观事实，应用一般现在时，且panda 与love 间是被动关系，用被动语态故填is loved
(2) 若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词（并列连词或从句连词）时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是vIng形式，Ved 形式还是不定式。
例1 2016全国Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal-----43 (create) special designs.
分析:本句已有谓语动词combine 且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词，此处为不定式作目的状语故填to create
例二 2016 全国 My ambassadorial duties will include ----67(introduce) British visitors to the 120 plus panda at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
分析：句中已有谓语动词include 且无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。Include 及物动词其后加名词或动名词作宾语再结合提示Introduce和空后的名词visitors ,此处应用动名词作宾语故填introducing.
(3) 排除干扰，切忌只见树木不见森林
例1 2016 全国 Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ----49 (be) too violent for use at the table.
分析:初看此题，会根据and 认为应与前面的某个成分并列，是与believed 并列，与would remind 并列还是killings 并列？分析句子可知，believed 后结宾语从句，宾语从句由and 连接俩个并列谓语，但此处描述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时，又因主语是knives 故填were
例2 2015 全国 A study of travelers --68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world .
分析：本题存在一题多义，一词多性的特征，考生易误填was conduced 或were conduced 因为考生容易把names 误作名词而认为空格处应填动词，实际上分析句子结构可知，空格所在句已有谓语动词names 且不与names 作并列谓语故填非谓语动词。Study 和conduct 间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语故填conducted
2. 通过6组易混示例，理清谓语动词和非谓语动词
题组一
题组二
题组三
题组四
题组五
题组六
突破点（二） 运用6方法和1 注意准确谓语动词时态语态
方法1 通过时态定义是做题的根本
例1 2017 大庆实验中学模拟 Development often ----69(give) us the excuse to destry the environment.
分许：本句表示经常做的事情应用一般现在时故填gives
例22017 青岛市质检 When I also drove forward a man ----(stand) outside the car and talking to each driver as drove past.
分析：表示过去某个事情正在做某事，应用过去进行时故填was standing
方法2 通过标志性状语解决时态问题
在体干中yesterday ,tomorrow ,always ,in the past few years ,so far 来判定时态。例1 2017 潍坊市模拟 Last Friday a storm -----61(sweep) through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes.
分析：句中有表示时间的标志性状语Last Friday 判定用一般过去时故填swept
例2 2017 长春市调研测试 If we are satisfied with only a few rules we -----69(memorize )so far ,we were not really learning the language .
分析;so far 表示迄今为止与其匹配的时态是现在完成时故填have memorized
方法3 通过动作先后关系解决时态问题
当句中有俩个或俩个以上的动词时，他们的发生时间有一定先后关系，我们可以根据这种先后关系判定时态。
例1 2017 福州市质检 Due to the hard training they 66---(do) before ,their performance were very impressive.
分析：主句的时态为一般过去时，根据before 可以判定空格处所填表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时故填had done
例2 2017 西安市模拟She -----64 (have）her high school entrance exam in a week so I told her a few encouraging words.
分析：我给他说一些鼓励的话一般是过去时，那么要参加考试应用过去将来时故填would have 或 was to have .
方法4通过语境暗示解决时态问题
有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过理解语境也是解决失调问题的一条有效之路的方法。
例1 2017 衡阳八中模拟 It is quite easy to plan a surprise when one’s birthday ----62 (come).
分析：既然是要做计划，那么生日即将来临，此处应用现在进行时表示将来故填is coming .
例2 2017 湖北四地七校联考 One day , a beggar found a leather purse that someone ------61 （drop）in the marketplace .
分析：发现钱包用一般过去式，丢失钱包应在此之前，表示过去的过去，故填had dropped.
方法5 通过常用句式解决时态问题
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此要熟记一些常用句式。
例1 2017 汕头市模拟 The hall was dark when I came in ；the show was about 46__--(begin ).
分析：考察be about to do 意为马上就要做某事故填to begin
例2 2017 青岛市模拟 One day I 66-----(read ）啊newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman ----Linda’s married name .
分析:考察句式be doing ---when ---- 再根据One day 可判断应用过去进行时故填was reading
方法6 通过逻辑关系解决语态问题
有时做题时我们对于时态问题比较关注，但往往忽略了语态，因此我们可以采用先语态后时态
例1 2016 全国卷 Truly elegant chopsticks might ----42 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
分析：情态动词后跟动词原形但此处might后能make吗？通过分析可知 elegant chopsticks 与make 间为被动关系，应用被动语态故填be made.
例2 2017 延安市模拟 I finally went to ask the lady at student services and ----63 (tell) that her was Kathy.
分析;and 连接俩个并列谓语，第一个是went ,与之并列应该填told 吗？ 通过分析可知，I与tell间为被动关系故填 was told .
注意点：特殊动词特殊对待
有些动词（短语）的用法特殊，例如belong to , break out , take place 及系动词一般不用进行时和被动语态，date bake to 或date from 常用一般现在时等。
例1 （2017 泰安市模拟） The festival ----64 (date) back to the Han Dynasty (206BC----220)
分析：date back to 意为追溯到，没有被动语态且常与一般现在时连用故填dates
例2 （2017 铁岭市联考）I t is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write ---64 (belong ) to all people.
分析:主句为It is about --------,that 引导宾语从句，其中主语是the right to read an write ,belong to 为句子的谓语，它没有进行时和被动语态故填belongs.
突破点(三） 抓住4个关键点和4个易混点稳解非谓语动词题
1. 4个关键点
1)作目的状语时用不定式，且只能用不定式一般式
(1)（2016 全国卷） Skilled workers also combines various hardwoods and metal to ----（create）special designs .
(2)(2017 襄阳市质检）This year’s World Economic Forum in Davos was held a week earlier than usual----- to (avoid) conflicting with China’s New Year.
2)作伴随状语和方式状语时用现在分词
（1）（2016 全国卷） People probably cooked their food in large pots ,-----(use）twigs to remove it.
(2)2017 成都市模拟 This spring ,I stared working as a language assistant , -----(teach )English to hundreds of students .
（1）In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to air condition a house without -----(use) electric equipment .
（2）We should prevent the river from -----(pollute) being polluted
4) 熟记固定结构中的非谓语动词。如be likely to do , have difficulty / trouble doing 等
（1） （2016 全国卷 ）If you find something you love doing outside of the office ,you will be less likely ------(bring) your work home.
（2） 2017 天水诊断考试 In the first place ,it often happens that we have trouble -----(find）appropriate words and phases to give expression to our mind.
2.4 个易混点
（1）现在分词和过去分词状语
现在分词作状语表示动作与句子主语间为逻辑上主谓关系，过去分词作状语的动作与句子主语间为逻辑的动宾关系。
例1 （2017 福州八中质检 ）-----61 （realize ）it was our last high school sports meeting ,we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us .
分析;分析句子结构可知，空格处部分为非谓语动词作状语，realize 与主语we 间为逻辑上的主谓关系故填 Realizing.
例2 Greatly -----(encourage), the team conducted another experiment ,this time with water that contained bacteria.
分析：分析句子结构可知，空格处部分为非谓语动词作状语，encourage 与主语间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填 encouraged
2) 现在分词和过去分词作前置定语和表语
此时现在分词和过去分词都相当于形容词，前者意为令人-----的，后者为感到----的
例1 （2014 全国卷 ）There were many people waiting the bus stop ,and some of them looked very anxious and ------(disappoint)
分析：此处looked 后面为表语部分，此处指一些人看起来很焦虑很失望故填 disappointed
例2 （2017 山西实验中学质检） Dennis Williams ,the owner of the phone number ,responded to the ----(excite) baby news.
分析: 此处为非谓语动词作前置定语，表示令人兴奋的有关孩子的消息故填exciting .
3) 不定式， 现在分词和过去分词作后置定语
不定式做后置定语表示动作尚未进行，现在分词作后置定语表示主动进行，过去分词作后置定语表示被动完成。
例1 (2016 四川高考） For 25days she never left her baby ,not even to find something -----(eat）！分析：此处表示找到要吃的东西，表示动作尚未进行，故填 to eat .
例2 （2015 全国卷） Abercrombie &Kent ,a travel company in Hong Kong ,says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ------70 (live ) in Shanghai and Hong Kong .
分析;此处表示居住在上海和香港的人们，应用非谓语动词作定语，people 与live 间为主动关系，故填living
例3 （2015 全国卷 ）The adobe dwellings (土坯房) -----61 (build ) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
分析：由谓语动词are admired 可知空格处填非谓语动词，adobe dwellings 与build 间 是被动关系，应用过去分词短语作后置定语故填built.
4) 不定式与动名词作宾语
有些动词只跟不定式作宾语例如 decided , agree , pretend , promise, hope/wish , mange ,prepare ,plan, refuse ,fail ,happen，ask ,offer ,care ,choose ,desire ,expect, decline , warn 等，汉语顺口溜 决定同意假装答应， 希望设法准备计划，拒绝失败发生,请求提供照顾选择，渴望期待拒绝警告。
疑问词+ 不定式的常见动词有： decide, learn ,show ,teach, know, till ,forget , 汉语意思顺口溜 ： 决定学习演示教， 知道告诉别忘记。
而有些动词只跟动名词作宾语例如 suggest/advise , consider, finish, avoid ,risk, mind, keep, practise, appreciate, enjoy , delay ,imagine, stand/ bear, deny , 汉语意思顺口溜：建议考虑完成避免风险，介意保持练习欣赏享受别耽搁。想象忍受别否认。
还有些动词既可以跟不定式也可以跟动名词作宾语，如stop , forget , remember, regret, mean, try ,go on , continue, like, love ,need, hate, attempt, propose, 并且跟不定式往往表示要去做的-----跟Ving 表示做过的-----
例1 （2017 江西红色六校联考） Mr.Smith’s doctor suggest not ----62 (eat ) cold food these .days.
例2 （2014 全国卷 ）I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver ,but he refused ------46 (stop) until we reached the next stop.
分析：refuse 后结动词不定式作宾语，要用不定式形式，故填to stop.
例3 （2017 菏泽模拟 ）Next keep in mind that forgiveness dose not necessarily mean -----69 (accept) the action of the person who upsets you .
分析; mean to do 意为想要做某事， mean doing 意为意味着做某事故填 accepting .
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