初二（上）
课文 （翻译）
1—4
Unit 1 Look it up! 查阅
这里是两篇来自百科全书的文章。
Here are two articles['ɑ?t?k(?)l]文章 from an encyclopaedia [?n,sa?kl?'pid??]百科全书.
达芬奇·莱昂纳多
Da Vinci, Leanardo
达芬奇·莱昂纳多（1452-1519）是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。
Leanardo da Vinci (1452—1519) was an Italian painter['pe?nt?]画家, inventor[?n'vent?]发明家, musician [mju?'z??(?)n]音乐家, engineer [end??'n??] 工程师and scientist.
达芬奇出生在农村。从很小的时候，他就表现出极大的智慧和艺术能力。随着年龄的增长，他学会了做很多不同的事情。他的画是非常有名的，其中一副，《蒙娜丽莎》，也许是世界上最有名的画作。他还有许多发明。例如，他的笔记本里有一些关于飞行器的有趣的图纸。
Da Vinci was born in出生于 the countryside['k?ntr?sa?d]农村. From an early age从早期开始, he showed great intelligence[?n'tel?d?(?)ns] 智慧and artistic ability[ɑ?'t?st?k] [?'b?l?ti]艺术才能. As当；随着 he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings['pe?nt??]画作 are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions[?n'ven?(?)n]发明. For example, his notebooks['n??tb?k]笔记本 include[?n'klu?d]包括 some interesting drawings['dr??(r)??]绘画 of flying machines [m?'?i?n]飞行器.
Dinosaurs['da?n?s??]恐龙
恐龙比人类早 6000万年就生活在地球上。他们遍布在地球上的每一个地方。
有些恐龙如鸡那么小，有些则有十头大象那么大，有些甚至会飞。
Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million['m?lj?n]百万 years before human beings人类. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could even['i?v(?)n]甚至 fly.
许多恐龙是吃植物的，但有些恐龙又喜欢吃肉。恐龙在地球上的生活超过了 亿年。但是，突然之间，他们灭绝了。没有人知道为什么。不过，我们可以从它们的化石去了解他们。
Many dinosaurs ate plants[plɑ?nt]植物. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.
Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out灭绝. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils['f?s(?)l].化石
澳大利亚的大景点
Australia’s big attractions[?'tr?k?(?)n]
澳大利亚是一个很大的国家。它也有许多大景点。
Australia is a very big country. It also has many big attractions.
大香蕉
The Big Banana
大香蕉（雕塑）在科夫斯港。它是由 John Landy 于 1964 年制作的。
Landy 想要某个东西能招揽人们来到他的水果店，于是他建造了“大香蕉”。
这个好主意起到了作用，很多人来参观他的水果店，并和“大香蕉”合影留念。
不久后，全澳大利亚的人们开始热衷于做大事情。
The big banana is in Coffs Harbour['hɑ?b?]港口. It was made in 1964 by John Landy. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big Banana. The idea worked起作用. Many people visited his fruit shop and took pictures of拍照 the Big Banana. Soon people all over Australia 整个澳大利亚began making big things.
大梅里诺
The Big Merino
大梅里诺（雕塑）在古尔本城。梅里诺是羊一个种类。它们能在干燥的气候里生活。在澳大利亚的一些地方很干燥，所以这些羊对那里的农民很重要。大梅里诺雕塑里面，有一个关于澳大利亚羊毛史的一个小型博物馆。游客还可以爬到大梅里诺雕塑的头上，透过它的眼睛往外观望。
The Big Merino[m?'ri?n??]美利奴样 is in the city of Goulburn. Merinos are a type of 一种sheep. They can live in dry weather ['wee?]天气. Some places in Australia are very dry[dra?]干燥的, so these sheep are very important to the farmers there. Inside the Big Merino, there is a small museum [mju?'z??m] 博物馆about the history of wool[w?l] in Australia. Visitors can also climb up爬上去 to the Big Merino’s head and look at the view [vju?]风景 through [θru?]通过 its eyes.
《大英百科全书》
Encyclopaedia Britannica
《大英百科全书》是举世闻名的一本百科全书。它是历史最悠久的英文百科全书。第一版出版于 1768 年，从那时起，已经修订过 15 个版本。第 15 版共有 32 卷。它们共约 40 万字，包含五十万个主题。今天，《大英百科全书》有一个 DVD 版本。你也可以在网上找到它。你知道哪本中国的知名的百科全书吗？关于它你都知道些什么？
The Encyclopaedia Britannica is a world-famous encyclopaedia. It is the oldest English-language encyclopaedia. The first edition was published in 1768, and since then there have been 15 editions. The 15th edition is made up of 32 volumes.
Together they contain about 40 million words on half a million topics. Today there is a DVD edition of the Britannica. You can also find it online.
Do you know about any famous Chinese encyclopaedias? What do you know about them?
Unit 2
国王和米
The king [k??] and the rice[ra?s]
很久以前，印度有一个国王。国王最喜欢的游戏是国际象棋。
A long time ago很久以前, there was有 a king in India['?nd??]印度. The king’s favourite['fev?r?t]最喜欢的 game游戏 was chess[t?es]象棋.
一天，一个聪明的老人来到王宫，国王向他挑战了一场比赛。国王向老人承诺：“如果你赢了这场比赛，你可以获得任何奖金。”
One day一天, a wise[wa?z] 聪明的old man 老人came to来到 the palace ['p?l?s]宫殿 and the king challenged['t??l?n(d)?]挑战 him to a game. The king promised['pr?m?s] 答应the old man老人, “You can have 有any任何 prize[pra?z]奖品 if 如果you win the game赢得比赛.”
老人说：“如果我赢了这场比赛，我想要棋盘上的第一格一粒米，第二格两粒米，第三格四粒米，余下的每个格都要加倍的数量。”
The old man said说, “If I win the game, I’d like想要 one grain [gre?n] 粒of rice米 for the first 第一个square[skwe?] 方格of the chessboard ['t?esb??d]棋盘, two for the second第二个, four for the third第三个, and then double ['d?b(?)l] 翻倍the amount[?'ma?nt] 数量for each 每一个of...的 the rest of 剩下的the squares方格.”
“就这些吗？”国王问“你不喜欢金或银吗？“
“是的，只要米，”老人回答说。
“Is that all全部?” asked the king. “Wouldn’t you like gold[g??ld] 金子or或者 silver['s?lv?] 银子instead[?n'sted]相反?”
“No, just仅仅，只 rice米,” replied [ri'plaid] 回答the old man.
国王和老人用了很长的时间玩了一局。最后，老人赢了。于是国王命令他的人去取来一袋米。他在（棋盘上的）第一格放了一粒米，在第二格上放了两粒……国王很快意识到一个问题——即使动用全国所有的大米，他也无法填满（整副棋盘上）所有的方格！
The king国王 and the old man played the game for a long time很长时间. Finally['fa?n?l?]最后, the old man won[w?n]获胜. So 所以the king ordered['??d?]命令 his men to collect[k?'lekt]收集 a bag of rice一袋米. He put放 one grain[gre?n]粒 on the first square, two on the second, and so on等等. The king quickly realized['ri??la?z] 意识到the problem问题—even甚至 with 用all the rice所有的米 in the country国家, he would将 still仍然 not have 有enough足够的 rice to put 放on all the squares[skwe?]方格!
数字（发明）前的计数
Counting[ka?nt]数数 before在...之前 numbers数字
在数字发明之前，人们采用不同的方式来数东西。
Before the invention [?n'ven?(?)n]发明 of written numbers['r?tn]书写数字, people人们 used用 many 很多different 不同的ways方法 to count [ka?nt]数 things东西.
一开始，人们用他们的手指，连同自己的脚趾。然而，他们也只能指望这样来计算小的数字。
At first首先, people人们 used用 their他们的 fingers['f??g?]手指, and even甚至 their toes[t??]脚趾. However然而, they could能够 only仅仅 count数 small小的 numbers数字 in this way用这种方法.
后来，他们开始用棍棒和骨头制作一些小物件。这能帮助他们计算更大的数字。他们依此来计算如每个月天数、他们拥有的食物和动物数量（那样的数字）。
After that在那之后, they 他们began to 开始make 制作small 小的marks[mɑ?k] 符号；标记on sticks[st?k] 棍子and bones[b??n]骨头. This helped帮助 them他们 count数 bigger更大的 numbers数字. They used用 them to count things like像是 the days 天of the month月, the amount [?'ma?nt]数量 of food食物 and the number of ...的数量animals动物 they had有.
再后来人们开始使用由粘土或小石块做成小物件。这可以用来计算更大的数字。他们通常会它们穿成串儿，以方便他们携带。这就发展成了如算盘的工具。
Then然后 people人们 began to 开始use 用tokens['t??k(?)n]符号 made from用...做 clay[kle?] 泥土or small stones[b??n]石头. This helped them count数 even甚至 bigger更大的 numbers数字. They often经常 put the tokens 符号on pieces[pi?s] 根of string[str??]绳子 so that 所以they could能够 carry携带 them around四处 easily容易地. This developed into[d?'vel?p] 发展成tools [tu?l]工具 like像 the abacus['?b?k?s]算盘.
最后，人们开始发展书写符号系统，用来显示不同的数字，于是产生了印度 - 阿拉伯数字（0-9）。直到今天，我们仍然在使用这套（数字）系统。
Finally['fa?n?l?]最后, people人们 began to 开始develop[d?'vel?p]发展 systems['s?st?m]系统 of written['r?tn] 书写的marks [mɑ?k]符号 to show 展示；表明different 不同的numbers数字, and this led to[led]导致 the Hindu-Arabic['hindu:-?'reibik] system['s?st?m] 系统(0—9). We are still 仍然using使用 this system today.
世界各地的数
Numbers around the world
世界各地的人们书写数字的方式不同。下图显示了不同文化背景的人如何写从一到五。
People around the world write numbers in different ways. The following shows how people from different cultures write one to five.
汉语：一，二，三，四，五
Chinese: 一、二、三、四、五
罗马：Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ，Ⅴ
Romans: Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ
英语：one, two, three, four, five
English: one, two, three, four, five
但是，今日世界上绝大多数人都在使用阿拉伯数字（1，2，3，4，5，等等）。
However, most people around the world use Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.) today.
Unit 3 电脑的事实 Computer facts[f?kt]
更小而更好 Smaller and better
在 20 世纪 40 年代，第一台电脑比汽车还要大。现在的电脑变得越来越小，而且越来越好了。有些电脑是微型的。你可能意识不到它们。可能在你的电视机或洗衣机内部就有一个。你比你所意识到的更加依赖电脑。
In the 1940s, the first computers were bigger than cars. Now computers are becoming smaller and better. Some computers are tiny['ta?n?]微小的. You may be unaware of没注意到[?n?'we?] them. There is probably 或许one inside your TV or washing machine洗衣机. You depend on [d?'pend] 依赖computers more than you realize['ri??la?z]意识到.
我们可以用电脑做什么？
What can we do with computers?
我们可以用电脑来计算。它们可以以比我们更快的速度计算而且几乎从来不会给你错误的答案。我们还可以用它们来打字或绘画。此外，电脑还可以担负重要的工作，像是操作铁路、飞飞机和太空飞船。
We can use computers to calculate['k?lkj?le?t]计算. They can calculate at a faster speed[spi?d] 以一个更快的速度than we can and almost 几乎never从不 give wrong answers. We can also type [ta?p]打字 and draw画 things with them. In addition[?'d??(?)n]另外, computers can do important jobs[d??b]工作 like operating ['?p?re?t]操作；运行 railways ['re?lwe?]铁路 and flying planes飞机 and spaceships['spe?s??p]太空飞船.
一台电脑会比我更聪明？
Is a computer cleverer than me?
答案是“否”。你的大脑能产生新的想法，但电脑不能。不过，或许有一天电脑能比人类干得更好。例如：他们可能比医生更能从事医生的工作。
The answer is “No”. Your brain[bre?n]大脑 can produce[pr?'dju?s]产生 new ideas but computers cannot. However然而, one day computers may be able to能够 do a better job than human beings人类. For example, they may be better than doctors at doing their job.
如果电脑可以做我们所有的工作时将会发生什么？我们什么都不用做？电脑可能会改变我们的生活，但它们会让生活变得更美好吗？
What will happen to发生 us if computers can do all our jobs? Will we have nothing to do? Computers may change[t?e?n(d)?]改变 our lives生活, but will they make them better?
电脑游戏的问题
Computer game problems问题
家长们和教师们，下午好。感谢您出席本次会议。上周末，我们的一个学生进了医院。这名学生在上周六一整天都在电脑上玩在线游戏，没有停下来喝口水、吃饭或睡觉。到最后，他（身体）就变得很虚弱了。
Good afternoon, parents 父母and teacher. Thank you for attending[?'tend]参加 this meeting.
Last weekend上周末, one of our students went to hospital. The student played computer games on the Internet['?nt?net] 网上all day Saturday without没有 stopping to drink, eat or sleep. Finally最后, he became very ill生重病.
一些学生玩电脑游戏的时间过长，这是一个严重的问题。以前，学生们更多的是经常在户外玩，但现在他们花更多的时间在电脑前。这对他们的健康不利。
Some students play computer games for too long. This is a serious['s??r??s]严重的 problem. In the past在过去, students used to过去常常 play outside外面 more often, but now they spend 花费more time in front of 在..前面computers. This is bad for their health[helθ]健康.
明天我们将会有些专家到这跟学生聊聊关于玩电脑游戏的坏的影响。他们也将给出一些关于如何用电脑学习的建议。
Tomorrow we’ll have some experts ['eksp??t]专家 here to talk to the students about the bad effects [?'fekt]影响 of playing computer games. They’ll also give some advice[?d'va?s] 建议on 关于how to use computers for studying.
我希望我们能一起努力，防止学生花太多时间玩电脑游戏。感谢大家抽空过来！
I hope we can all work together一起 to stop students from阻止 spending花费 too much 太多time playing computer games. Thank you for your time.
The abacus
算盘
算盘或许算是（世上）第一款计算机了。人们早在 4000 年前就开始使用它来做算术了。它在古代中国，罗马，埃及和希腊都有被使用。今天，还有些人在使用算盘。
The abacus was perhaps the first type of computer. People started using it over 4,000 years ago to do maths. It was used in ancient China, Rome, Egypt and Greece.
Today some people still use the abacus.
Unit 4
Great伟大的 inventions[?n'ven?(?)n]发明
伟大的发明改变了世界。它们帮助人们过上更好的生活。下面，是历史上三个最重要的发明。
Great inventions change改变 the world世界. They他们 help帮助 people人 live a better life过更好的生活. The following['f?l????] 以下的are three of the most important 最重要的inventions in history['h?st(?)r?]在历史上.
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The wheel[wi?l] 车轮
车轮也许是历史上最伟大的发明。在其发明后，旅行变得更快，更舒适。几千年前，人们开始在车上使用车轮。19 世纪初，第一批列车开始载客。20 世纪初，汽车开始流行。如果没有车轮，我们也就不会有这些发明了。
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The wheel is perhaps或许 the greatest invention 最伟大的发明in history. After在…之后 its invention, travelling旅行 became变得 faster更快 and more comfortable['k?mf(?)t?b(?)l]更加舒适. A few thousand years ago几千年前, people started to开始 use使用 wheels[wi?l] on carriages['k?r?d?]马车. In the early 19th century['sent??r?]世纪, the first trains火车 began to开始 carry携带 passengers['p?snd??]乘客. At the start of开端 the 20th century, cars became popular变得流行. Without没有 the wheel, we would将 not have these这些 inventions发明.
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The telephone电话
1876 年，亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明了第一部实用的电话。自那时起，人们实现了长距离相互通话。今天世界各地上数以百万的人拥有自己的移动电话。它们使人可以彼此之间随时随地保持联系。
Alexander Graham Bell invented[?n'vent]发明 one of the first practical 实用的['pr?kt?k(?)l] telephones in 1876. Since [s?ns] then自从那时候, people have been able to能够 speak to each other彼此 over long distances['d?st(?)ns]在长距离外. Today millions of成百上千万 people across the world 全世界own拥有 mobile phones['m??ba?l]移动电话. They allow允许 people to keep in touch[t?t?]保持联系 with each other anytime任何时候, anywhere任何地点.
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The light bulb[b?lb]电灯泡
1879 年，托马斯·爱迪生研制出第一个实用的电灯。在电灯发明之前，人们在夜里看东西不得不依靠油灯、煤气灯或蜡烛。（自从）有了电灯，人们可以在晚上如同白天一样做很多的事情。你能想象离开它们后的生活吗？
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Thomas Edison developed[d?'vel?p]发展 the first practical light bulb in 1879. Before the invention of the light bulb, people had to不得不 use使用 oil lamps[??l]? [l?mp]油灯, gas lamps[g?s]气灯 or或者 candles['k?nd(?)l]蜡烛 to see at night在晚上. With有了 light bulbs, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime['de?ta?m]在白天. Can you imagine[?'m?d??n]想象 living生活 without没有 them他们?
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A pen giant ?['d?a??nt]钢笔巨头
你知道拉斯洛·拜罗（注：匈牙利文）吗？也许你没听说过，但你可能每天都在使用着他的发明，你甚至现在手里还拿着它吧！
Do you know Laszlo Biro? Maybe或许 you do not, but you probably很可能 use his invention[?n'ven?(?)n] 发明every day, and you may或许 even甚至 have it in your hand right now现在!
拜罗（1899-1985）是圆珠笔的发明者。他出生在匈牙利首都布达佩斯。在 20 世纪 30 年代，当他担任报社编辑，他几乎每天都要使用钢笔。但是，他不得不每时每刻都要将其加满墨水。墨水又没那么容易干，有时把报纸搞得一团糟。拜罗想要一支更好的笔。他的弟弟乔治，帮助开发了一种特别的的墨水，这种墨水很容易干。然后，他们开发了一种新型笔。
Biro ['bai?r?u] (1899—1985) was the inventor [?n'vent?]发明家 of the ball-point pen圆珠笔. He was born in 出生于Budapest, Hungary['h??g?ri]匈牙利. In the 1930s, when he worked as当 a newspaper 报纸editor['ed?t?]编辑, he used a fountain[fa?nt?n] pen钢笔 almost 几乎every day. However然而, he had to refill[ri?'f?l]重新装满 it all the time一直. The ink[??k]墨水 also did not dry[dra?] 干easily容易地, and it sometimes made a mess[mes]弄得一团糟 on the paper. Biro wanted a better pen. His brother, George, helped him develop[d?'vel?p]发展；开发 a special['spe?(?)l] 特别的ink墨水. The ink dried干 easily. Then they developed a new type种类 of pen.
有一个小球在笔尖。小球滚动时把墨水印在纸上。他们把它称为“圆珠笔”。
There was a tiny['ta?n?] ball[b??l]微小的 at the tip[t?p] of在..的顶端 the pen. The ball rolled[r??l]滚动 ink onto paper as当 it moved[mu?v]移动. They called it the “ballpoint” pen['b?lp??nt].
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圆珠笔是一个巨大的成功，每个人都喜欢它。现在，世界各地数以百万的人每天都使用它。
The ballpoint pen was a great success[s?k'ses]极大的成功. Everyone loved it. Now millions of成百上千万的 people use it all over the world全世界 every day.
人们将因为拜罗的发明而永远记住他。今天，在很多说英语的国家，人们仍然用“biro”代指任何种类的圆珠笔。
People will always remember记住 Biro for因为 his invention发明. Today in many English-speaking countries['k?ntr?]说英语的国家, people still仍然 use the word “biro” to refer to [r?'f??]指代 any kind of ballpoint pen.
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?孔明灯与热气球
The Kongming Lantern['l?nt?n]灯笼 and the hot-air balloon [b?'lu?n]热气球
孔明灯在亚洲各地很受欢迎。它是一种封闭顶部，内放一支小蜡烛的纸灯笼。
蜡烛加热灯笼内的空气，使灯笼升起来。人们在重要的日子和喜庆节日期间放孔明灯。
The Kongming Lantern ['l?nt?n] is very popular流行 all over Asia整个亚洲. It is a kind of一种 paper lantern纸灯笼 with有着 a closed[kl??zd] 封闭的top顶部 and a small candle['k?nd(?)l] 蜡烛inside里面. The candle heats [hi?t]加热 the air 空气inside the lantern and makes it rise[ra?z]上升. People use the Kongming Lantern on important days and during ['dj??r??]在…期间 festivals['fest?v(?)l]节日.
?
三国时期，诸葛亮在战斗中用这种灯笼作信号。孔明灯导致了热气球的发明。你知道任何引起其它发明的发明吗？
During the time of the Three Kingdoms['k??d?m]三国, Zhuge Liang used such这样的 lanterns to give signals['s?gn(?)l]发出信号 in battles['b?t(?)l]战役. The Kongming Lantern led to导致 the invention[?n'ven?(?)n] of the hot-air balloon.
?
Do you know any 任何other inventions that led to other inventions?
初二（上）
课文 （翻译）
5—8
Unit 5
游学是有教育意义并有趣的
An exchange[?ks't?e?nd?; eks-] 交换visit is educational [ed??'ke???n(?)l]有教育意义的 and interesting!
一群来自伦伦伍德—帕克学校的英国学生正在一次游学中参观北京的新华初中。
A group of一群 British 英国students from Wood-park School in London are visiting Xinhua Junior ['d?u?n??]High School初中 in Beijing on an educational exchange[ed??'ke???n(?)l] [?ks't?e?nd?; eks-]教育交换.
沙拉说，“刚开始我非常紧张，然而，我的接待家庭非常友好。我很高兴在他们家成为一个客人。我已经学会了使用筷子，并且，他们正教我一点点汉语。”
“I was very nervous['n??v?s]紧张 at first刚开始,” says Sarah. “However然而, my host主人；主人 family（接待家庭） are really friendly['fren(d)l?]有好的. I’m glad to开心 be a guest [gest] 客人in their home. I’ve learnt to use chopsticks['t??pst?ks]筷子, and they’re teaching me a little Chinese!”
学生们在工作日和中国学生一起学习。在周末，他们和接待家庭环游北京并参观名胜古迹。
The students spend 花费（时间）the weekdays ['wi?kde?z]工作日 studying with Chinese students. At the weekend在周末, they tour[t??] around Beijing 环游北京and visit places of interest 名胜古迹with their host families.
埃里克说，“到目前来讲，这是一次奇异的经历。我已经学会了一点点太极，并且，我非常喜欢。关于中国文化和历史，我们已经学习了解了很多。老师也给我们介绍了中国画。我们自己也尽力画了些画。我还没有取得很多成功，但我将继续努力。”
“It’s been a fantastic[f?n't?st?k]奇异的 experience 经历so far到目前,” says Eric. “I’ve learnt a bit of 一点点t’ai chi, and I really 很的enjoy it. We’ve already已经 learnt a lot about Chinese culture['k?lt??]中国文化 and history历史. The teachers have introduced[?ntr?'dju?s] 介绍us to Chinese painting中国画 as well也. We’ve also tried to 努力paint画 some pictures ourselves我们自己! I haven’t had much success 成功yet[jet]还, but I’ll keep trying继续努力.”
沙拉说，“我已经交了很多新朋友。当我返回到家，我计划和他们保持联系。我们很快将看到彼此，因为他们将在下个月的教育交换的第二个部分来到英国。我迫不及待了。”
“I’ve made many new friends交了很多新朋友,” says Sarah. “I plan to 计划keep in touch [t?t?] with 保持联系them when I return返回 home. We’ll see one another彼此 soon很快 because they’ll come over to the UK 来到英国for the second part部分 of the exchange 交换next month下个月. I can’t wait!”
参与我们的交换生活动
Take part in参加 our educational[ed??'ke???n(?)l]教育 exchange交换
你热爱旅游，喜欢结识新朋友吗？是？你曾经在另一个国家生活和学习过吗？
没有？那么现在就加入我们的交换生活动吧！
Do you love to travel and meet new people? Yes? Have you ever曾经 lived and studied in another 另一个country国家? No? Well, join参加 our educational exchange now!
我们的交换生活动棒极了。你可以体验不同的文化，学习一种新的语言。
还可以提高你自己的社交能力，结交大量的朋友。
Our educational exchange is fantastic[f?n't?st?k]奇幻的；极好的. You can experience经历 a different culture['k?lt??]文化 and learn a new language?['l??gw?d?]语言. You can improve[?m'pru?v]改善 your social skills?['s???(?)l]社会技能 and make lots of friends.
我们的交换生活动共分两个部分。在第一部分中，交换生将在自己国家旅行，并与你的家人在一起。在第二部分中，你将前往你的交换伙伴的国家，并与他或她的家人待在一起。你会与他或她一起去上学。你还可以参加当地的活动。
There are two parts in our educational exchage. In the first part, an exchange student 交换生will travel to your home country 祖国and stay 停留with your family. In the second part, you will travel to your exchange partner’s?['pɑ?tn?] 搭档；伙伴home country and stay with his or her family. You will go to school with him or her. You will also take part in参加 local当地的 activities活动. ?['l??k(?)l] ?[?k't?v?t?]
如果你符合下面的条件，就可以申请我们的交换生活动：
· 年龄在 14 至 17 之间。
· 想了解其他国家的语言、文化、历史、地理和生活方式。
· 有你班主任老师的推荐信。
这将是一个冒险的旅行。
所以，你还等什么呢？今天就申请加入吧！
You can apply for[?'pla?]申请 our educational exchange if you:
﹒are aged between在…之间 14 and 17.
﹒would like to 想要learn about学习；了解 the language['l??gw?d?]语言, culture?['k?lt??]文化, history历史, geography [d??'?gr?f?]地理 and way of life 生活方式of another另一个 country国家.
﹒have a reference['ref(?)r(?)ns] 参考；介绍信from your head teacher校长.
It will be the adventure?[?d'vent??]冒险 of a lifetime['la?fta?m]一生.
So, what are you waiting for? Apply[?'pla?] 申请today!
文化冲击 Culture shock[??k]
当我们第一次访问另一个国家，我们可能有一种奇怪的感觉。我们称这种感觉叫“文化冲突”。文化冲突的缘由不尽相同。他们可能是因为不了解这个国家的语言和当地文化。他们也可能是因为离开了他们的家人和朋友。
When we first visit another country, we may have a strange feeling 感觉. We call this feeling “culture shock”. People have culture shock for different reasons原因. They may not know the language and local culture['l??k(?)l] 当地文化of the country. They may also miss[m?s]想念 their families and friends.
为了应对这种文化冲突，您可以：
· 尝试结交新朋友。
· 尝试新事物，像是当地的食物。
· 随身携带一个日记本，记下所有的新体验。
· 打电话给你的父母和朋友，并告诉他们这些新事物。
你还能想起其它方法应对文化冲击吗？
To 为了deal with [di?l]解决。处理 culture shock, you can:
﹒try and make new friends.
﹒try new things, like the local food.
﹒keep a diary['da??r?] 记日记. Write about all your new experiences经历.
﹒call your parents and friends and tell them about these new things.
What other ways can you think of 想起to deal with culture shock?
Unit 6
特洛伊木马
The Trojan ['trod??n]特洛伊的 horse
队长站在特洛伊城的高墙上。 “希腊人走了，我们赢了，”他说。“十年来他们一直试图占领我们的城。现在，他们放弃了，乘船离开了！”“可是看那边，”一个士兵说。 “他们留下了巨大的木马。”“啊，是的，”船长说，“它太大，希腊人不想携带着它。帮帮手，把它拉入城内”。
The captain['k?pt?n]队长；首领 stood on the high wall of the city城市 of Troy?[tr??]特洛伊. “The Greeks?[gri?k]希腊人 have gone and we’ve won获胜,” he said. “They’ve tried to capture['k?pt??] 捕获；夺得our city for ten years. Now they’ve given up 放弃and sailed away[se?l]航行离开!”
“But look over there看那边,” a soldier 士兵said. They’ve left 留下a huge巨大的 wooden ['w?d(?)n] 木制的horse.”
“Ah, yes,” the captain said, “it’s too big. The Greeks didn’t want to take带着 it with them. Get some help and pull it into 拉进来the city.”
那天晚上，在城的主广场上，所有的特洛伊人都在狂欢庆祝。他们围着木马又唱又跳，并讲着关于愚蠢的希腊人的笑话。 “我从小到大都没有这样开心地笑过，”队长说。狂欢结束后，他们锁了所有的城门，然后都去睡觉了。
That night, in the main 主要的square广场 of the city, all the Trojans特洛伊人celebrated庆祝. They sang and danced跳舞 around 围绕the horse, and made jokes about开玩笑；取笑 the stupid愚蠢的Greeks. “I haven’t laughed大笑 like像 this since[s?ns]自从 my childhood['t?a?ldh?d]童年,” the captain said. After the party聚会, they locked[l?k] 锁门all the gates 大门of the city and then all went to sleep.
到了午夜，主广场空荡荡的，除了那匹巨大的木马。突然，木马一侧打开了一道暗门，木马内全是希腊士兵！他们一个接一个悄悄地从木马里爬出来。
By midnight['m?dna?t]到了午夜, the main[me?n] 主要的square [skwe?]广场 was empty空的, except for[?k'sept; ek-]除了 the huge horse. Suddenly 突然a secret['si?kr?t]秘密的 door opened on the side 侧面of the wooden horse木马. The horse was full of充满了 the Greek soldiers['s??ld??]士兵! They quietly静悄悄地 climbed[kla?m]爬 out of the horse one by one一个接一个.
士兵们打开了（特洛伊）城的正门，希腊军队入城了。十年来，希腊人都无法通过战斗去夺城。但就在一晚上，他们通过一个巧妙的计谋成功地夺取了她。
The soldiers opened the main gates主要的大门. The Geek army['ɑ?m?] 军队entered?['ent?(r)d] 进入the city.
For ten years, the Greeks could not capture?['k?pt??] 捕获；占领the city by fighting['fa?t??]通过战争. In one night, however然而, they succeeded in 成功地capturing['k?pt??r??] it through[θru?]通过 a clever 聪明的trick[tr?k]诡计
十万支箭的故事
The story 故事of 100,000 arrows?['?r?us]箭
这是一个关于两个聪明人的故事——诸葛亮和周瑜。中国人千百年来一直在流传。有一天，周瑜让诸葛亮去完成一个不可能完成的任务。他要求他在十天内造十万支箭。 “没问题，”诸葛亮说，“三天内我就可以给你十万支箭。”
This is a story about two wise[wa?z]明智的 men—Zhuge liang and Zhou yu. The Chinese people have told it for many, many years.
One day, Zhou Yu gave Zhuge Liang an impossible?[?m'p?s?b(?)l] 不可能的task?[tɑ?sk]任务. He asked him to make 100,000 arrows within[w?e'?n]在..之内 ten days. “No problem,” Zhuge Liang said. “I’ll bring 带来you 100,000 arrows in three days在三天后.”
诸葛亮交待他的士兵，把 20 艘大船上装满稻草人。第三天的清晨，诸葛亮的士兵架着船朝着河对面曹操的军营驰去。士兵们一路大喊着，并击打着他们的战鼓。
Zhuge Liang asked his soldiers['s??ld??]士兵 to fill装满 20 large boats with用 many straw men[str??]稻草人. In the early morning of the third day, Zhuge Liang’s soldiers sailed[se?l]航行 the boats towards[t?'w??dz] 朝the camps[k?mp] 营地of Cao Cao’s army军队 on the other side of the river. The soldiers shouted大叫 and beat [bi?t]击打 their drums[dr?m]鼓 loudly大声地.
曹操的士兵听到的声音，他们认为受到了攻击。但是，他们无法透过河上的浓雾看清楚。曹操下令他的士兵朝有鼓声和呼喊声的方向射箭。
When Cao Cao’s soldiers heard the sounds, they thought认为 they were under attack[?'t?k]受到袭击. However然而, they could not see through通过the thick fog?[θ?k] 浓雾on the river. Cao Cao ordered ['??d?]命令 his soldiers to shoot [?u?t]射箭 arrows towards朝 the sounds of the drums[dr?m] 鼓and the shouting?['???t??]喊声.
诸葛亮的士兵随后调转了船头，大声喊道，“谢谢你的箭，曹操。”.诸葛亮取下了所有的箭交给了周瑜。超过了十万支。
Zhuge Liang’s soldiers then turned调转 the boats around （掉转船）and shouted, “Thank you for your arrows, Cao Cao.” Zhuge Liang took all these arrows to Zhou Yu. There were more than超过 100,000 of them.
《孙子兵法》
The Art 艺术of War?[w??] 战争
《孙子兵法》是一本古老的关于战争战略的书。中国历史的春秋末期，孙子写了这本书。《孙子兵法》充满了精妙的名言。例如，“知己知彼，百战不殆。”
关于《孙子兵法》你知道什么吗？你记得其中任何着名的谚语吗？
The Art of War is an ancient?['e?n?(?)nt] 古代的book about the strategy?['str?t?d?i]策略 of war. Sun Tzu wrote this book during['dj??r??]在…期间 the late Spring and Autumn period ['p??r??d]时期 in Chinese history历史.
The Art of War is full of 充满clever sayings谚语；俗语.
For example, “Know the enemy['en?m?]敌人 and know yourself, and you can fight[fa?t]打仗 a hundred battles ['b?t(?)l]战役 with no danger['de?n(d)??]危险 of defeat?[d?'fi?t]失败.”
What do you know about The Art of War? Can you remember any famous sayings from it?
Unit 7 Memory['mem(?)r?]记忆 Corner?['k??n?]角
Henry
一个帮助记忆某事的好方法是在你的脑海中想像一幅画面。如果你把画面想得很大，很奇怪或很傻，你会更好地记住它。例如：要记住“smiles（微笑）”这个单词，我们可以想象在第一个和最后一个字母之间有一英里。这使得它成了世界上最长的单词。记住，一图胜千言。
A great way方法 to help you remember记忆 something is to imagine[?'m?d??n]?想象 a picture of it in your mind[ma?nd]在你脑海中. If you make the picture big, strange or silly['s?l?]愚蠢的, you will remember it better. For example, to remember the word “smiles”, we can imagine there is a “mile[ma?l]”英里 between在…之间 the first letter['let?]字母 and the last letter. This makes it the longest word in the world. Remember: a picture is worth?[w??θ]值得 a thousand 千words.
记住一个单词拼写的一个好方法是用这个单词的每一个字母来组一个简短的句子。例如：如果你想记住如何拼写单词“because（因为）”，你可以用一句“Big elephants can always understand small elephants（大大象总是可以理解小大象）”。
Paula
A good method ['meθ?d] 方法for remembering the spelling?['spel??]拼写 of a word is to make a short sentence ?['sent(?)ns]造个短句 with each letter of the word. For example, if you want to remember how to spell[spel]拼写?the word “because”,. You can use the sentence句子 “Big elephants can always understand small elephants.”
如果你对一种东西没好好理解，你会忘记得非常快。例如：你可能不记得水循环的步骤列表。但是如果你了解了水循环的过程，记住这些步骤就更容易了。
Millie
You will forget忘记 something very quickly快 unless?[?n'les]除非 you understand it well. For example, you may have trouble 困难remembering the list清单 of steps[step]步骤 in the water cycle['sa?k(?)l]水循环. However然而, it is easier to remember these steps步骤 if you understand how the water cycle['sa?k(?)l] works.
如何提高你的记忆力
How to improve?[?m'pru?v]改善；提高 your memory记忆
记忆力是非常重要的。它可以帮助你记住你是谁，你住在哪里，你学到了什么，以及你将来打算做什么。那么，如何能提高你的记忆力呢？
Memory is very important. It helps you remember who you are, where you live, what you have learnt and what you plan计划 to do in the future['fju?t??]在将来.
So, how can you improve your memory?
很重要的一点是要锻炼你的大脑。例如，你可以尝试新的事情，改变你的日常习惯。如果你走了不同的路线去学校或坐不同的公交车，将使你的大脑保持活跃。
It is important to exercise['eks?sa?z]锻炼 your brain[bre?n]大脑. For example, you can do new things and change改变 your daily habits?['h?b?ts]日常习惯. If you walk a different way to school or take a different bus, you will keep 保持your brain大脑 active['?kt?v]活跃的.
你可以试着记忆一些新的东西，可以尝试解些数学难题。你也可以尝试学习新的技能，或学习一门外语。如果你做上述这些事情，你的大脑就会经常得到锻炼。
You can try to memorize['mem?ra?z]记忆 something new. You can try a Maths?[m?θs] 数学puzzle?['p?z(?)l]难题. You can also try to learn new skills技能 or study a foreign 外国的language['f?r?n] ['l??gw?d?]语言. Your brain gets lots of regular['regj?l?] 定期的exercise锻炼 if you do any任何 of these things.
如果你过健康的生活，你的记忆力会更好地运作。你必须有一个均衡的饮食。你必须让你的大脑有足够的休息时间。除非你每天晚上都得到足够的睡眠，不然你不会把事情记得很清楚。
If you live a healthy life['helθ?]过健康的生活, your memory will work better. You must have a balanced 平衡的diet?['da??t]饮食. You must give your brain enough time to rest. Unless除非 you get enough sleep every night, you will not remember things well.
如果你想你的大脑工作得很好，你也需要放松。如果你太过忧虑，你的大脑就会慢下来，并且你的记忆也会变得不那么灵敏了。
If you want your brain to work well, you also need to relax[r?'l?ks]放松. If you get too worried['w?r?d]变得太焦虑, your brain will slow down慢下来, and your memory will become less sharp?[?ɑ?p]敏捷的；锋利的.
因此，要提高你的记忆，你应该锻炼你的大脑，过健康的生活，并保持放松。
So, to 为了improve 改善your memory, you should exercise your brain, live a healthy life and stay relaxed[r?'l?kst]保持放松.
Unit 8
罗西桥学校的英语周
English Week at Rosie Bridge School
上周，在罗茜桥学校学生的共同努力下，英语周（活动）大获成功。在图书馆有一个英语书博览会和寻宝活动。有些学生投身到一个英语剧。其他一些的学生参加了英语歌唱比赛。还有一个演讲比赛。学生们必须围绕主题做两分钟的英语演讲。
Last week上周, students at Rosie Bridge [br?d?] 桥School worked hard 努力工作to make their English Week a big success一次大的成功
There was an English book fair ?[fe?]书展 in the library ['la?br?r?; -br?]图书馆 and a treasure ['tre??]财宝 hunt [h?nt]搜寻?. Some students put on上演 an English play戏剧. Other students took part in 参加an English singing competition [k?mp?'t??(?)n]比赛.There was also a speaking competition演讲比赛. The students had to speak on a topic ['t?p?k] 主题in English for two minutes.
我们采访了冠军——Henry。“我很高兴我赢了，”他说。 “我建议人们讲话慢一点。如果他们想成为优秀的公开演讲者。他们最好是说得清楚自信。”
We spoke to the winner ['w?n?]获胜者, Henry. “I’m so happy that I won,” he said. “I advise [?d'va?z] 建议people to speak slowly. If they want to be good public ['p?bl?k] speakers公共演说家, they’d better最好是speak clearly and confidently ['kɑnf?d?ntli]自信地.”
我们还采访了英语周的其他几个同学。其中之一是?Amy。“我真的很喜欢英语周（活动）。它给了我一个机会学习新单词。在我看来，每个学校都应该举办英语周（活动），很值得做。”她说。
We also spoke to several ['sev(?)r(?)l] 几个other students about English Week. One of them was Amy.
“I really enjoyed English Week. It gave me a chance [t?ɑ?ns] 机会to learn new words. In my opinion ?[?'p?nj?n]在我看来, every school should have an English Week. It’s well worth doing [w??θ]非常值得做,” she said.
英语周的最后一天，校长对整个学校发表了讲话。他给学生如何提高英语水平提出了一些建议。 “你应该尽你所能用英语与你的朋友进行交流，应该多阅读英文书籍和杂志，收看英语电视节目。最重要的，你应该享受英语！”他说。
On the last day of English Week, the head teacher校长 gave a speech [spi?t?]演讲 to the whole整个 school. He gave students some suggestions [s?'d?est??nz] 建议on how to improve [?m'pru?v]提高 their English. “You should communicate [k?'mju?n?ke?t]交流? in English with your friends whenever [wen'ev?]无论何时 you can. You should read English books and magazines [m?g?'zi?n]杂志, and watch English television programmes ?['pr??gr?m]节目. Above all [?'b?v]最重要的是, you should enjoy English!” he said.
罗宾汉和约翰王子
Robin Hood and Prince [pr?ns] 王子John
约翰王子已抓到了女仆玛利亚并已为罗宾汉设下了陷阱。
在约翰王子的城堡里。
约翰王子：现在告诉我，罗宾汉藏在哪了？
女仆玛利亚：不可能！罗宾汉会来救我的。
约翰王子：罗宾汉是没办法闯过我的守卫的。用不了多久，我就会抓到罗宾汉的！
Prince John has caught抓住 Maid Marian and has set a trap [tr?p] 设陷阱for Robin Hood.
Inside在..里面 Prince John’s castle ['kɑ?s(?)l]城堡.
Prince John: Now tell me, where’s Robin Hood hiding [ha?d]躲藏?
Maid Marian: Never! Robin Hood will come and rescue ['reskju?]救 me.
Prince John: There’s no way绝不可能 Robin Hood can get past 通过my guards ?[gɑ?d]守卫. Soon Robin Hood will be mine!
罗宾汉进入。
罗宾汉：谁在叫我？
女仆玛利亚：罗宾汉！我知道你会来的！
约翰王子：守卫！抓住他！
罗宾汉：这是一个陷阱！
第一个守卫从后面扭住了罗宾汉的胳膊，第二个守卫试图攻击他。
罗宾汉一躲，第二守卫打在第一守卫的头上。然后，两名守卫就打了起来。
Robin Hood enters进来.
Robin Hood: Did somebody call my name?
Maid Marian: Robin Hood! I knew you’d come!
Prince John: Guards守卫! Capture ?['k?pt??]抓住him!
Robin Hood: It’s a trap ?[tr?p]陷阱!
The first guard takes Robin Hood’s arms [ɑ?mz]手臂 from behind and the second guard tries to hit打 him. Robin Hood ducks [d?k]躲闪 and the second guard hits the first guard in the head. The two guards then start fighting ['fa?t??]打架.
约翰王子：愚蠢的守卫！
罗宾汉抽出一把剑。
罗宾汉：现在你是我的了，约翰王子！这座城堡，连同你所有的黄金现在属于穷人的了！
女仆玛利亚：谢谢你救了我，罗宾汉！
Prince John: Foolish ['fu?l??] 愚蠢的guards!
Robin Hood pulls out a sword ?[s??d]拔出剑.
Robin Hood: Now you’re mine, Prince John! This castle ['kɑ?s(?)l] and all your gold [g??ld]金子 now belong to 属于the poor穷人!
Maid Marian: Thank you for saving [se?v] 救me, Robin Hood!
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