RLC正弦交流电路参数测量实验报告
【RLC正弦交流电路参数测量】实验报告
【实验目的】
1. 熟悉正弦交流电的三要素，熟悉交流电路中的矢量关系；
2. 学习用示波器观察李萨尔图形的方法；
3. 掌握R,L,C元件不同组合时的交流电路参数的基本 测量方法。
【实验摘要（关键信息）】
1.在面包板上搭接R、L、C的并联电路；
2、将R、L并联，测量电压和电流的波形和相位差，计算电路的功率因素。
3、将R、C并联，测量电压和电流的波形和相位差，计算电路的功率因素。
4、将R、L、C并联，测量电压和电流的波形和相位差，由相位差分析负载性质。计算功率因素。
【实验原理】
1. 正弦交流电的三要素
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=122&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"122","h":"20","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image2.png","imgOriW":257,"imgOriH":42})
初相角![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=11&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"11","h":"20","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image3.png","imgOriW":24,"imgOriH":42})
：决定正弦量起始位置；
角频率![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=12&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"12","h":"20","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image4.png","imgOriW":26,"imgOriH":42})
：决定正弦量变化快慢
幅值![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=15&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"15","h":"20","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image5.png","imgOriW":31,"imgOriH":42})
:决定正弦量的大小。
2. 电路参数
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=215&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"215","h":"126","dataType":"jpeg","c":"word/media/image6.png","imgOriW":215,"imgOriH":126})
在正弦交流电路的负载中，可以是一个独立的电阻器、电感器或电容器，也可以由他们相互组合（以串联为例）。电路里元件的阻抗特性为
当采用交流电压表、电流表和有功功率表对电路测量时（三表法），可用下列计算公式来表述Z与P、U、I相互之间的关系：
负载阻抗的模︱Z︱![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=26&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"26","h":"30","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image8.png","imgOriW":55,"imgOriH":62})
；负载回路的等效电阻；
负载回路的等效电抗![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=206&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"206","h":"31","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image10.png","imgOriW":434,"imgOriH":67})
；
功率因数cosφ![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=30&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"30","h":"30","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image11.png","imgOriW":63,"imgOriH":62})
;电压与电流的相位差φ
当φ>0时，电压超前电流；当φ<0时，电压滞后电流。
3.矢量关系：基尔霍夫定律在电路电路里依然成立，有![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=49&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"49","h":"20","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image13.png","imgOriW":104,"imgOriH":42})
和，可列出回路方程与节点方程。
【电路图】
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=422&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"422","h":"318","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image15.png","imgOriW":422,"imgOriH":318})
电路图1
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=447&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"447","h":"319","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image16.png","imgOriW":447,"imgOriH":319})
电路图2
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=473&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"473","h":"311","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image17.png","imgOriW":473,"imgOriH":311})
电路图3
【实验环境（仪器用品等）】
面包板，示波器，1KΩ电阻，47Ω电阻,导线,函数发生器，10mH电感，0.1μF电容
【实验操作】
1. 分别按照电路图1、2、3在面包板上连接电路；
2. 调节函数发生器，使其通道1输出频率为1KHz,峰峰值![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=29&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"29","h":"20","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image18.png","imgOriW":61,"imgOriH":42})
为5V的正弦波；
3. 示波器校准，通道1接入函数发生器输出的信号，通道2接入通过47Ω小电阻的信号，两通道地线要接在一起；
4. 调节示波器，使其为李萨尔图形，观察两波形相位差，记录数据并分析。
【实验数据与分析】
1. R、L并联
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=481&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"481","h":"235","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image19.png","imgOriW":481,"imgOriH":235})
测量值 | V max1(V) | V max2(V) | △V（v） | T (-)（ms） | T (+)(us) | T(ms) |
CH1 | 1.78 | -1.82 | 3.6 | -1.26 | -256 | 1 |
CH2 | 0.94 | -0.940 | 1.88 | -1.12 | -120 | 1 |
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=793.8&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"793.8","h":"1122.5333333333","dataType":"jpeg","c":"word/media/image20.png","imgOriW":5953,"imgOriH":8419})
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=793.8&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"793.8","h":"1122.5333333333","dataType":"jpeg","c":"word/media/image21.png","imgOriW":5953,"imgOriH":8419})
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=481&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"481","h":"235","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image22.png","imgOriW":481,"imgOriH":235})
测量值 | V 1(V) | V 2(V) | △V（V） |
△Y1 | 1.00 | -1.01 | 2.01 |
△Y2 | 0.460 | -0.340 | -0.800 |
测量计算值：输出与输入信号电压差为![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=109&md5sum=815305cc1298369cbc13b1ace5b200d6&sign=0bb5afa339&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3&l=webapp&bucketNum=299&ipr={"t":"img","w":"109","h":"32","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image23.png","imgOriW":230,"imgOriH":67})
0.398，相位差为φ21.7；示波器读数φ22.53,误差为3.6%
输入波滞后于输出波。
【结论】
1. 一开始实验时，观察到的李萨尔图形居然是一条线段，输入跟输出信号波形间居然没有相位差，检查后才发现是电容器坏了，没有起到作用，换了一个电容器后才看到正常的实验现象。在实验过程中，要注意电器元件的特性，小心保护好接触角，以免造成仪器损坏，甚至实验失败。
2.
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