可数名词和不可数名词
一、名词：名词是所有事物的名称，包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语，宾语或表语等。
1) 可数名词（Countable Nouns）: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。
名词单数变复数变化如下：
◆ 词尾直接加s如：cat——cats bag——bags day——days
◆ 以 s, sh, ch, x 结尾的词加es如：class——classes, match——matches ,box----- boxes, dish ---- dishes, bus --- buses, peach --- peaches .
◆ 以辅音加y结尾的词变y为i加es. 元音加y 结尾的词直接加s,
如: party----parties city----cities story----stories family---families baby --- babies
boy---- toys monkey----- monkeys key---- keys等.
◆ 以f或 fe结尾的词, 变f或fe 为v, 加 es,
如: wife ---- wives, half---- halves, shelf—shelves, knife --- knives, life---lives, leaf---leaves.
注意特殊情况直接加“s”，要逐个记 chiefs, handkerchiefs , roofs.
◆ 以辅音加 o 结尾的词常加es, 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 元音加o结尾直接加s. 如:radios, zoos, pianos, roof 特殊情况: photos
◆ 名词单数变复数特殊变化也要逐个记得如: man-men, woman-women, tooth---teeth, goose---geese, foot---feet, child--children, mouse-mice, ox—oxen.
（注意：以下单复同形：deer, sheep, species, means, Chinese, Japanese）
2) 不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）
不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词( air, water等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如：English, air, water, cotton, work…
不可数名词表示数量时，可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词+OF+名词。如：a bottle of water, two cups of tea, three pieces of paper
不可数名词的类别：
● 食物：food ,salt, bread, rice, beef, meat, pork, butter（黄油）,cream.
● 液体：water, juice, milk, coffee, tea, coke, oil, wine.
● 表示自然现象：snow, ice ,rain, air.
● 其他类：money, news ,homework, housework, advice（意见）,information（信息，资料）
time, work , room(空间), music, weather ,space, sand, furniture（家具）,
注意：下列词语在不同含义下词性的不同。
chicken 鸡肉（不可数名词） 鸡（可数名词）
fish 鱼肉（不可数名词） 鱼的种类（可数名词）
room 空间（不可数名词） 房间（可数名词）
glass 玻璃（不可数名词） 杯子（可数名词）
paper 纸张（不可数名词） 试卷（可数名词）
experience 经验（不可数名词） 经历（可数名词）
注意事项：
1．不可数名词没有复数变化，不能用A，AN，但可用THE，或不用冠词，如：bread is the usual breakfast.
2．虽然不可数名词没有复数变化，但量词超过一时要加复数。
如：three cups of coffee, five bottles of water
3．有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数，不可数时用单数，可数时用复数，如：ten bags of rice---- ten baskets of eggs
跟踪练习
I. 找出下列笑话中的可数名词，并写出其复数形式：
In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”
II.找出不可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式：
homework ______half ______ advice______ money ______ knowledge ______
boot _____ blood ______ music ______ chicken ________heat _____mouth ______
bread _______ information ______milk _____cow _______tear ________
III.选择填空：
1．The deer has four ______.
A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots
2．Her two brothers are both ______.
A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens
3．There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans
4．Two ______ would come to the village.
A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors
5．Can you see nine _____ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse
6．The _____ has two ______.
A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch
7．The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.
A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
8．The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study.
A. woman B. women C. man D. men
9．There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.
A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss
10. The cat caught two ______ last night.
A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
11.The boys have got C already.
A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread
12. The old man wants a .
A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples
13. There b some in the river.
A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish
14. Our English teacher often gives us ______in English by e-mail.
A. some good information B. some good informations
C. good informations D. a good information
15.I would like to have ______.
A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk
C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks
16.What are you listening to, Jack? ______or______?
A .Music, a news B. Music, news C. Musics, news D. Music, newes
17.I have ______to do on Sundays.
A. many housework B. much housework
C. many houseworks D. much houseworks
18. Many farmers have got lots of _____and got much money by selling the______.
A. cow, beef B. cows, beef C. cow, beefs D. cows, beefs
19.---Would you like some______?
---Oh, yes, just a little.
A. milk B. apple C. pears D. news
20.How wonderful! The ______is made of______.
A. house, glass B. house, glasses C. houses, glass D. houses, glasses
Ⅳ..翻译下面的短语。
1.一些苹果汁_______ 2.一些牛奶______3.一些绵羊______ 4.一些新闻______
5.一些好主意_______ 6.一些牙刷______ 7.一些家庭作业______8.一些纸______
9.一些玻璃______ 10.一些牛肉______ 11.一些音乐______ 12.一些报纸
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