十种汉语特殊句型英译(模板)

发布时间:2015-06-17 09:06:44   来源:文档文库   
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十种汉语句型英译

存现句的翻译

一、现存句概念

表示什么地方存在、出现或消失什么人或事物的句式叫存现句。根据表达功能和语法特点。存现句虽然也是一种动词谓语句,但它的作用不在于叙述,而在描写。

二、汉语存现句的英译

存现句翻译的总原则是:分析存现句中动词名词(短语)”之间的语义关系。

如果是字存在句和字存现句,则可以运用英语表存现“there be”结构;如果字句类中的带有很强的判断性,则可以倒装句形式,具体如下:介词短语+be + 词短语,与汉语句式相同。

如果是行为动词+名词短语类,则要分析存现句中动词名词(短语)”之间的语义关 系,即动作+施事的关系呢还是动作+受事的关系。如果是动作+施事的关系,则可以翻 译成主动句(主语用汉语存现句中动词后的名词短语来充当),翻译成主动句可以用正常语序也可用倒装 语序,到底用哪一种,取决于上下文的衔接。如果是动作+受事的关系,则翻译成被动形式(主语 用汉语存现句中的名词短语充当)。分述如下:

类型1存现句的翻译,多采用英语“there be”结构。

姥姥家门口有一棵老槐树。

There is an old Chinese scholar-tree in front of my grandma ’ s gate.

In front of my grandma's gate (there) stands an old Chinese scholar-tree.

类型2存现句,可以用英语“there be”句型的变体结构即:“P.P. + Be+NP

1) 桥下面是那条日夜奔流的扬子江。

Under the bridge is the Yangtse River, which surges eastward day and night.

2) 村子周围是一片肥田沃野。

Around the village are the fertile fields.

The village is surrounded by the fertile fields.

类型3存现句,有以下两种方法翻译

A: “动作+施事的翻译:翻译成主动句。可以用正常语序,也可以用倒装语序,视上下文而定。

(1) 床上躺着一个人。

A man is sleeping on the bed.

(2) 在游廊的最左端,靠近道门,却坐有一位将近三十岁的男子。(茅盾《子夜》)

Close by a door at the extreme left of the veranda sat a man of about thirty.

B: “动作+受事的翻译:翻译成被动句。可以用正常语序,也可以用倒装语序,视上下文而定。

1)黑板上写着五个字:向雷锋学习

Written on the blackboard were five words (characters):Z/eaA/7 From Comrade Lei

2) 地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅和锌。

Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc.

3) 从警察背后突然跳出一个黑麻子来,怒声喝打。(茅盾《林家铺子》)

A swarthy pock-marked man jumped out from behind the policemen and howled for them to attack.

类型4存现句的翻译:名词(短语)1 +名词(短语)2NP1+NP2

NP1+NP2结构的作用既不在于叙述,也不在于判断,而是表示一种描写。它主要出现在文学作品 的描写段落中。因此,在翻译时,要特别注意,句子描写的是什么样的形象,要作整体把握,要特别 注意选择动词,因为动词决定了句型的选择。翻译时还要注意言、、意、情四者结合。

1) 远处山谷里一片青青的森林。

In the distance, the valley is coated with the thick green forest.

2) 屋外一片月光。

Outside the house, the moon sheds lights.

3) 脸上一团孩子气。

He wears the childish countenance.

4)河边绿柳垂杨。

Willow tendrils hangs low over the bank of a stream.

5) 窗外一片绿色的春天。

Spring is very much in the air outside the window.

Outside the window, spring is very much in the air.

字句的翻译

一、字句的概念

得字句是由字放在动词前或者附在动词或形容词后面构成的句子。动词前的主要表示必须的含义。放在动词或形容词后面的可以表示:1.表示能力或可能性的 句;2.表示结果或程度的字句3.表示必须。根据的含义,字句的翻译现分述 如下:

二、字句的翻译

()表示必须字句的翻译:肯定句翻译成“must(should, have to) + verb” ;否定句 (“不得)翻译成mustn’ t + verb”或用正反翻译法。

1)这事放松不得。

This matter must be paid close attention.

2)天要下雨了,我得走了。

It’ s going to rain, and I must (have to) be off now.

(二)表示能力可能性字句,可以利用下列结构来翻译 1 •翻译成英语的情态动词“can (could)”“to be able to Verb”

1) 他看得出两者的区别。

He was able to see the difference between the two.

2) 这个礼堂坐得下1500人吗?

Can this auditorium hold 1500 people?

2. 翻译成英语带后缀“-able”“-ible的形容词。例如:

1) 这种蘑菇吃得。

Such mushroom is edible.

2) 远处地平线上,还隐隐约约看得见一艘船。

In the distance, a ship is barely visible on the horizon.

3. 翻译成英语带 “to be capable of”结构。例如:

1) 那个恶棍什么事情都干得出来。

That scoundrel is capable of anything.

2) 杀人越货这种事,他都干得出来。

He was capable of robbing and killing.

()表示结果或程度的字句的翻译。

英语中表示结果或程度的方式很多,因此,汉语中表示结果或程度的字句可以用英语的表 示程度或结果的方式来翻译。具体如下:

1. “so…that”来翻译。如:

1)听到这好消息,他们高兴得载歌载舞。

At this good news, they were so glad that they can't help (refrain from) dancing and singing.

2)他说得太快了,他说的什么呀?

He spoke so fast that I cannot catch his words.

2. “so…as to…”来翻译,如:

1) 他书念得很好,能得好成绩。

He studied so hard as to get good marks.

2) 他壮得头牛,而我却瘦得根竹竿。

He is so strong as to look like a horse and I am as thin as a lath (so thin to look like a lath).

3. “Such…that”来翻译,如:

1) 天气热得大家喘不过气来。

It was such a hot weather that people were out of breath.

2) 她在排演中搞得太过分了,两名南男演员退出不干了。

She went to such lengths in rehearsal that two actors walk out./

To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walk out.

4. “too…to…”来翻译,如:

1) 太阳羞得遮住了脸。

The sun is too shy to shine.

2) 恐怕事情己经闹得不可收拾了。

I'm afraid things have gone too far to be set right.

5. “too." for"•” 翻译,如:

1) 这些苹果酸得不能吃。

These apples are too sour for eating.

2) 她半信半疑地对自己说着,声音低得差不多只有她自己才听得见。

She said dubiously to herself, her voice too low for anyone else to hear.

6. “enough to…”“enough for…”来翻译,如:

1)天气冷得手指都僵了。

It was cold enough to freeze our fingers.

2) 超人的速度太快了,快得火车都跑不赢他。

The superman runs fast enough to outrun the rain.

7. “and”连接的并列结构,但连接的两个并列项在语义上,其中一项表示结果。

他的歌声引起了听众的哄笑,便羞愧得赶忙离开了比赛会。

His singing made the audience burst out laughing. He felt ashamed and left the competition hurriedly.

8. 用英语的SVC”句型的被动结构来翻译。

1) 昨晚,他被打得遍体鳞伤。

Last night, he was beaten black and blue.

2) 他的衣服被强盗剥得精光。

He was stripped stark naked by the bandits.

9. 用英语的“S + linking-Verb+Adjective句型来翻译,如:

1今天的路显得特别的漫长。

The way home seemed extremely long today.

2)酒的颜色红得像血一样。

The wine is as red as blood.

10. 用英语的V+POST ADVERBIAL”结构来翻译,如:

1) 噩耗传来,她哭得那样伤心。

On hearing the bad news, she wept so bitterly.

2) 住校,却总是来得早,去得晚。(与boarder相对)

Though he was not a boarder, he always arrived early and left late, ( day(nonresident) student vs boarder)

11. 用英语的“V + NP(ADi+NUN)”来翻译,如:

1) 中国人民的生活过得很幸福。

The Chinese people are leading (living) a happy life

2) )他法语讲得很流利。

He speaks fluent French.

12. 用英语“till (until) +结果状语从句来翻译,如:

1) 他笑得肚子痛。

He laughed till his sides split.

2) 他逗得孩子乱叫。

He teased the child until he began howling.

13. 用英语动词+表原因的介词短语来翻译,如:

1) 她冷得直打哆嗦。

She shivered with cold.

2) 听到这个好消息,他高兴得跳了起来。

At this good news, he jumped for joy.

14 .把汉语中的字补语翻译成谓语。

他热得满头大汗。

He was sweating all over.

2)人和马都被雨水淋得湿透了。

Both men and horses were drenched with the rain.

15.用英语动词+名词+动词不定式

1) 他的话说得我想哭。

What he said made me feel like weeping.

2) 阳光把海水照得像锻子一般

The sunshine made the sea gleam like satin.

字句的翻译

一、字句的概念

汉语把字句是指用介词使得谓语动词的受动成分即宾语置于动词之前的一种句式。 其结构如主语++宾语+动词+其它。

二、句的翻译

翻译把字句,首先要分析把字宾语动词其它三者之间的语义关系,其中动词的最为关键,因为动词决定了英语句子结构:

1. 译为“主语+谓语+宾语

前提:汉语为主语++宾语+动词+了(时态标志)

1为了赶作实验,刘平把午饭也误了。

In order to finish his experiment, Liu Ping missed his lunch.

2) 周超为了给大家治病,把休假也放弃了。

Zhou Chao gave up his holiday to cure the sickness for everybody.

In order to cure the sickness for everyone, Zhou Chao gave up his holiday.

3) 要时刻把父母的教导记在心上。

We should always bear in mind our parents' instructions.

2. 译为: 主语+谓语+宾语 及其变式 主语+谓语+宾语+介词宾语

前提:汉语为 主语++直接宾语+动词+间接宾语+其它

1)我们立刻把这个令人振奋的好消息告诉了

We told him this exciting news at once.

2) 那所大学把变更通信地址的情况告诉了我

The university has informed me of the change of the correspondence address.

3. 译为主语+动词+名词(代词)+介词短语

前提:汉语为兼语式,即主语++宾语+结果动词+其它

这类动词有:............……(当、 看、认、叫)作;把……(变、认、称)作为;把……当(当、看、分、缩、造)成……

而英语中有对应结构,如:

regard sb/sth as noun (adj, verb+ing)

describerecognizedesignate acceptdiagnosedismiss challengepraise

owe (ascribe, attribute) sth to sb(sth)

devote sth to…

clear(rig, purge) sb/sth of sth.............清除出去。

rob sb of sth ……抢走了。

Deprive sb of sth. ......剥夺了。

1)张教授把一生都献给了教育事业

Professor Zhang devoted life to education.

2) 卖主把这车说成是一辆古色古香的名贵轿车。

The seller described it as a vintage car.

3) 我们都把他当作语言学权威。

We all recognize him as a leading authority on linguistics.

4) 我们把他视为世界一流的网球手。

We regarded him as a world-class tennis player.

4. 译成“主语+动词+宾语+宾补”“主语+be+形容词化的过去分词+程度补语

前提:汉语为“主语++宾语+形容词谓语+程度补语”,此种把字句的含有致使的含义,英语也有相应使役动词。如:

1)你简直快把我逼疯了。

You are driving me crazy.

2) 这项研究把他累坏了。

This research tired him out.

3) 你去哪里了? 真把我急得要死。

Where have you been? I am worried to death.

5. 译成“主语+谓语+宾语+介词短语”

前提:汉语为“主语++处所或范围宾语+不及物动词+动量补语

1) 他把成都逛了个遍。

He paid a visit to almost everywhere of Chengdu city.

2) 教材从头到尾一遍。

He read the textbook from cover to cover.

纺锤式句的翻译

一、概念

“纺锤”结构是“把”字句式的一种延伸,通常在主语和谓语之间加了较长的介词短语。由于它两头小中间大,姑且称之为“纺锤”结构。这种句式在汉语中极为常见。

构成“纺锤”结构的介词常见的有“对”、“对于”、“就”、“向”、“为”、“在”、“按照”、“根据”等

英语的时间、地点、原因等状语既可前置又可后置,而汉语的状语一律前置(注:在汉英同传中时间、地点、原因等状语一般都按顺序译为英语的前置状语,尽管这样做有时不能完全符合英语习惯)。

二、翻译方法

1. 主语后置,即将主语储存,留待后面译出。

1)我们对一些发达国家采取比较明智的政策,在一定程度上履行了帮助发展中国家发展工业的承诺,表示赞赏。

Some developed countries have adopted sensible policies to honour, to some extent, their commitment to help the developing countries with their manufacturing industries. We appreciate their efforts in this respect.

2)特区在联结内地, 促进中国区域发展平衡及实现国家宏观经济平衡中扮演重要角色。

In linking the inland areas, promoting balanced regional development and achieving national macro-economic balance, SEZs are playing a significant role.

2. 维持原文语序(选用特定句型)

如果介词结构包含部分和全句谓语是并列关系,则可以用"while"按原文顺序译出,如:

1)因此,许多国家在要求优先进行核裁军的同时,也主张对常规裁军给予应有的重视。

Therefore many countries demand that while priority is accorded to nuclear disarmament, conventional disarmament should also be given due attention.

2)中国代表团在坚持上述声明各点原则立场的情况下,注意到东盟国家对本次决议草案的解释性说明,将投票赞成题为《柬埔寨局势》的决议草案。

The Chinese delegation, while upholding the above principled stance, has taken note of the explanatory statements by the Asean countries on the draft resolution. It will vote in favour of the draft resolution entitled the Situation in Kampuchea.

3. 把状语变主谓结构

1)中国政府主张,在推动核裁军取得进展的同时,也推动常规裁军的进展。

The Chinese government maintains that nuclear disarmament should go hand in hand with conventional disarmament.

2)中国政府对中东局势的最新发展深表关注。

The Chinese government is gravely concerned with the latest developments in the Middle East.

连动句的翻译

一、连动句的概念:

汉语连动句是指几个动词连用,共同来陈述同一个主语。

基本格式是:主语+动词1 +动词2+动词3+动词4

各个动词之间的语义关系较为复杂,有表并列,有表先后,也有表其他关系:条件,方式,承接, 因果,假设和目的等。各动词之间的排列顺序是按照逻辑先后顺序来组句的。而英语是按句意中心先确定谓语动词。

英语中也有几个动词陈述同一个主语的现象,基本格式是:

S+Vl()+v2()+v3()+v4()…

各动词之间的语义关系也比较复杂,有并列式;有偏正式。

二、连动句的翻译

()并列式连动句的翻译

并列式连动句中的几个动词,表示动作时间的先后或同时关系。表示先后动作的连动句常常译成两个英语谓语动词,并用并列连词连接。表示两个动作的同时或几乎同时关系时,常将其中比较次要的译作英语的非谓语动词或其他表伴随的手段。

1) 在这样的文化中,你得多听少说,体现你对老人的尊重。

In this culture, you are supposed to listen more and talk less to show your respect to the old.

2) 他的朋友阻止道:不可性急。

His friend checked him and said: “Be patient.”

需要注意的是,汉语中有些词组看似并列式,其实不然,翻译时需要看该词组的意思是各字词的意 思组合呢还是,表达一个整体意思。如果是表达一个整体意思就不能按以上方法来翻译。如:披头散发的意思不是披头散发组合而成,应译为“wear one’ s hair loose”。类似还有穿针引线” (act as a go-between)

()偏正式连动句的翻译

偏正式连动句中的几个动词之间有主次之分,主要动词与次要动词之间的关系有:条件,方式,承接,因果,假设和目的等。因此,汉译英时,必须确定好句中的主要动词,一般而言,用句意中心所在的动词作谓语动词。主要动词译成英语谓语动词,其他动词译成非谓语方式、介词短语或用偏正关系词语对次要动词进行连接。如:

1) 我买份报纸看。(方式\目的关系)

I bought a piece of paper to read.

2) 你抓住树枝爬上去。(方式\目的关系)

Catch a branch of a tree and climb it up.

() 链式连动句的翻译

链式连动句由两个或两个以上有逻辑关系的主谓结构并列而成。有并列式和偏正式。表先后的链式

连动句翻译时可以用并列连词连接,偏正式链式连动句翻译成英语时,应仔细分析各动词之间的关系, 找出主要动词,并根据英语习惯进行翻译。如:

1) 你下了班骑车去姐姐家。

You ride to your sister’s after your work,

2) 你坐在这儿看看报等我一会儿。

You can sit here to read the paper and I will be soon back.

3) 你回家放了书包来我这儿玩儿。

Go back and put down your bag before coming here for play.

() 汉语连动句中,主语和第一个动词之间常常带有状语,状语有时管第一个动词的,有时是管后一个动词的,有时管好几个动词;因此,必须弄清楚状语的管辖范围,特别是当有两个或两个以上的状语时,尤其要弄清其语义上的管辖范围。

1) 我正扫院子迎接你嘛!

I' m cleaning the yard to greet with you.

2) 他向我借钱买书。

He borrowed money from me to buy a book.

流水句的翻译

一、流水句定义

流水句是汉语的一种特殊的复句,是指一口气说几件事。中间似断似连,直到说完为止。语义联系比较松散,句子之间难以补上关联词语。

流水句主要根据时间、空间、因果等逻辑关系组织句子。

二、流水句的翻译方法

汉译英时,由于全句较长,语义复杂,很难用一个英语句子表达清楚,往往要把它分成两个以上的句子来表达。要按照英语句法的要求对原句中省略的部分进行补全。分译后的句子的顺序与原句大体一致。

1不一会儿,北风小了,路上浮尘早已刮净,剩下一条洁白的大道来,车夫也跑得更快。

Presently the wind dropped a little. By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clean, and the rickshaw man quickened his pace.

2在中国,要是没有自行车,生活是难以想象的,但是没几年前,人们还把自行车看成奢侈品,很多人都买不起,再说,自行车也供不应求。

It is hard to imagine what life would be like in China without the bicycle. Yet it wasn’t so many years ago that a bicycle was considered a luxury, beyond the reach of many people. Moreover it was in short supply.

主题句的翻译

一、主题句句式定义

前部分叙理或叙事,后一部分进行总结或给出评价,以表达说话人的观点或意图。

主题句行文方式英语中的掉尾句相同。

掉尾句:句子的次要成分提前, 主要成分置后, 形成整句的高潮。从结构上看,大多数掉尾句是将较长的状语等修饰成分排列在前,而将较短的主句或使语言主要意思置于句末,往往具有强调主句或使语言生动幽默的作用。

松散句:中心意思或信息高潮放在举手,修饰成分放在句尾,整个句子结构比较松散。

英语属于主语显著型(subject-prominent)语言,句子的基本框架是“主语+谓语”;而汉语是主题显著性(topic-prominent)语言,句子的主体架构是“主题+评述”。汉语中多主题句,英语中多主谓句,因此在汉英翻译中,要注意把汉语的主题句翻译成英语的主谓句。

二、主题句翻译方法

1. 改变句子的语序,评论部分移至句首,叙述部分放在后边,正好与汉语顺序相反。

1过去向我们学习的人,反而超过了我们。这对我们确实是个鞭策。

It was a real challenge that those who had learned from us now excelled.

2至于世界经济的暂时不景气,中国民航业有着充足的信心去克服。

Our civil aviation is fully confident that we will be able to overcome the present slowdown in the world economy.

2. 评论部分若比较短,可以独立成句,语义中心可不移至句首。

嘴甜心苦,两面三刀,头上笑着,脚底下就使绊子,明是一盆火,暗是一把刀,她全占了。

She will give you sweet talk when there is hatred in her heart, she is so double-faced and tricky. All the time she is smiling she tries to trip you up, making a show of great warmth while she stabs you in the back. That’s the way she is.

3. 在少数情况下,汉语的主题句也可翻译成英语的主题句。

读书的问题嘛,我愿说几句。

About reading, I would like to say a few words.

兼语句的翻译

一、兼语句的概念

谓语中含有兼语成份的句子叫兼语句,特点是兼语成份兼做前边动词的宾语,同时兼做后边 词语的主语。与前边动词构成动宾关系,与后边的词语构成主谓关系。前边动词往往包含 使令意义的动词。

二、兼语句的翻译

1根据英语的SVOC(主语+谓语+宾语+补语)句型把汉语兼语句的第二个供词译作英语的宾语补足语 (不定式,介词短语,形容词、介词,副词、分词或名词来充当)

1) 近几年中国政府一直鼓励外商参与重点经济建设项目和现有企业的技术改造。

In recent years China has been encouraging foreign businessmen to actively participate in China5 s key economic construction projects and the technological transformation of some existing enterprises

2) 突然的事变使他改变了原来的计划。

The unexpected emergency had him change his original plan.

2利用英语中表示致使促成意义的动词,翻译汉语语句。

1)经济的腾飞使中国在国际事物中发挥着越来越重要的作用。

The boosting economy enables China to play a more and more important role in the world affairs.

2她优美的歌声令听众如醉如痴。

The singers beautiful voice enraptured the audience.

3兼语句的第一个动词为表扬称赞埋怨责备(怪)批评等时,往往可 将第二个动词译成英语中表示原因状语从句或状语性短语。

1) 那位评论家指责该书作者有剽窃行为。

The critic criticized the author of the book for plagiarism.

2) 联合国粮农组织的高级官员在世界粮食大会上盛赞中国致力于解决十二亿人口的温饱问题。

On the World Food Conference, senior officials from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization highly praised China for its endeavours in solving the problem of feeding and clothing its 1.2 billion population.

4注意辨别兼语式。表层结构兼语,其实不是兼语式。误判会导致误译。

1) 我讨厌人们整天进进出出这里。

I don’ t want people coming in and out all day.

2) 他不喜欢人家批评他。

He hates criticism.

5复杂兼语句的翻译:兼语连动交替出现的句子。如:

1) 你回去请张总工程师来工地开会。

You go back and invite (ask) General Engineer Zhang to the construction site for a meeting.

2) 我要求总理代我请主席给少石写几个字。

What I want is that Premier Zhou, for my sake, asks (invites) Chairman Mao to write a few characters for Shaoshi.

3) 陈外长打电话通知我派一个老同志去香山请正在北京访问的日本友人带他们的孩子到工人文化宫参加节国际儿童联欢会。

The minister of the Foreign Affairs, Chenyi, on the telephone, requested me to send an old comrade to invite to the International Children Party the Japanese Friends and their children who were visiting Beijing.

6灵活翻译

1) 我劝你还是投案自首,以求宽大处理。

You’ d better surrender yourself to the police, in the hope of being accorded lenient treatment.

2) 当局禁止该影片上映。

The film came under the ban of censor.

三、兼语句翻译综述

汉语兼语句的翻译,关键是兼语前的动词的英译,只要确定了该动词的英译,再根据该英语动词的 用法,进行构架或用英语中特有的表达方法。决不能死搬动以上所提供的方法。如:

1) 医生嘱咐他按时吃药。

The doctor told him to take medicine on time.

2) 领导嘱咐他要保守秘密。

The leader enjoined him to secrecy.

外位语的翻译

一、外位语定义

汉语的外位语,又称外位成分、复指成分。外位语结构由外位语和本位语构成。外位语即具体提示成分,本位语是指代具体揭示成分的代词,且充当一定的句子成分。外位语的作用有两个:强调外位语所代表的人或事物;二是使句子结构严谨,条理清楚,表意简洁。外位语的结构有两个。即

1) 外位语+本位语(称代式)

2) 本位语+外位语(总分式)

二、汉语外位语的英译

汉语外位语的翻译,首先要分析本位语在句中的位置,然后分析外位语与本位语之间的关系。外位语 可以用以下几种方法翻译。

1.零移位法:所谓零移位法,就是保持原文的句子成分的位置。

1)外位语+本位语

(1)分为二,这是个普遍的现象,这就是辩证法。(《毛泽东选集》第5卷第498页)

One divides into two—this is a universal phenomenon, and this is dialectics.

(2)国家的统一,人民的团结,国内各民族的团结,这是我们的事业必定要胜利的基本保证。

The unification of our country, the unity of our people and the unity of our various nationalities these are the basic guarantees for the sure triumph of our cause.

(3) 老太太的两个儿子-- 一个当兵、一个教大学。

Mrs. Wang has two sons - one is a soldier, the other is a college teacher.

2) (介词)外位语+本位语。英语中介词有of ,as for, as to, as regards

(1) 我们可能停留一两天。耽搁一星期之久,那是不可能的。

I could stay for one or two days, but as for staying for a week, it would be out of the question.

(2) 曾经留恋过别的东西的人们,有些人倒下去了,有些人觉悟过来了,有些人正在换脑筋。

Of the people who hankered after those ways, some have fallen, some have awakened and some are changing their ideas.

(3) 剩下的帝国主义的经济事业和文化事业,可以让他们暂时存在,由我们加以监督和管制,以 待我们全国胜利以后再去解决。

As for the remaining imperialist economic and cultural establishments, they can be allowed to exist for the time being, subject to our supervision and control to be dealt with by us after country-wide victory.

2. 分法:如果外位语能分成一个主谓结构,那么可以在外位语与本位语分成两个独立的句子。

(1)太的两个儿子…-一个当兵、一个教大学。

Mrs. Wang has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a college teacher.

(2)遇事想争个第一,而且能挣到第一,这就不简单。

He not only wants to excel he does excel. That's not easy.

3. 依并法:如果主句是这(那)是+形容词” +,翻译时则可以把外位语主句依并在一起, 主句部分依并为形容词+iy,但前提条件是主句中形容词是修饰整个句子。

中国人民为他们60年取得的成就而自豪,这是合乎情理的。

The Chinese people are justifiably proud of their achievements of the past 60 years.

4. 词法:遗弃代词本位语。

(1)冰箱、电视机、录音机,这些她都买了。

He has bought a refrigerator, a television and a tape-recorder.

(2)大势所趋,人心所向,这已无可阻止。

The general trend of events and the will of the people had become irresistible.

5. 句型变易法:把主句变易为it形式主语句,而把外位语处理成动词不定式或主语从句。

(1) 一个人坐在房子里孤陋寡闻,这样不行。

It's no good for us to shut ourselves up in a room, remaining ignorant and uninformed.

(2) 敌人的武力是不能征服我们的,这点已经得到证明了。

It has been proved that the enemy cannot conquer us by force of arms.

6. 成分移位法:将原文中主语指代的外位语译成表语。

(1) 实现四个现代化,这是我们今后相当长时间的中心工作。

For a relatively long period ahead, the focus of our work is to realize the four modernizations.

(2) 工厂、铁道、枪炮等,这些是物质条件。

The material conditions are factories, railways, fire-arms, artillery, and the like.

主谓谓语句的翻译

一、主谓谓语句定义

由主谓词组充当谓语的句子叫主谓谓语句。结构为:

NP1 (名词词组)+ NP2(名词词组)+AdjP/VP(形容词短语/动词短语)5P

1.我们老师性情平和。我们老师NP1; “性情NP2; “平和Adj.P.

2.小王,我通知过了。小王NP1;NP2;通知(过了)”VP

二、主谓谓语句的翻译

(HNP1 (名词词组)+ NP2(名词词组)+AdjP / VP(形容词短语)的翻译翻译原则是:确定谓语动词。

1. 首先看能否把NP2+AdjP当作一个整体即能否在英语当作一个具有形容词性词或词组。如果能,可以直接采用英语的“SVC”句型来翻译;主语一般用NP1来充当;V用系动词BE充当, ADJP充当主语补足语(NP2已经融合到ADJP中去了)如:例1);也可以用NP1 +have/has +adj + NP2来翻译,关键取决于NP2的搭配用法,如:例2中的处理。

1) 我们老师性情平和。

Our teacher is in a good temper.

2) 他身心都很健康。

He is strong in mind and body.

3) 我们的产品价廉物美。

Our products are reasonable in price and superb in quality.

2.NP2+AdjP当作整体后,还必须考虑子表达效果,即英语句子的谓语动词的确立。因为动词决定了英语句型的构

金沙江波涛汹涌。

Jin sha River is wavy. (SVC)

Jin sha River surges turbulently.

(二)NP1 (名词词组)+ NP2(名词词组)+ VP(动词短语)的翻译 翻译原则是:1.VP的确定。2.分析NP1NP2的语义关系。

1. NP1NP2之间有领属关系。

我的两个妹妹,一个上大学,一个正上高中。

I have two sisters. One is a college student. The other is a senior Middle school student

2. NP1NP2之间有整体与部分的关系。

1) 我们班只有几个外省人。

Only a few students come from other provinces.

2) 敌人活着的全部缴械投降。

All the rest of the enemies have laid down their arms and surrendered.

3. NP1VP的施事、受事、工具或与事。

1) 他普通话说得不错。(NP1VP “的施事,NP2普通话是受事)

He speaks standard Chinese very well. Or his Standard Chinese Pronunciation is very good.

2) 你说的那个人,我们起打过球。

As for the man you' re talking about, he and I played the ball together.

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