常见的非谓语动词知识点总结

非谓语动词①一个句子常不能出现两个做谓语的动词 ②非谓语动词即在句中不做谓语,但却具有部分动词的性质(接宾语或表语)

③ 分类 时间 意义

不定式 后时性 表将来一次性动作

也称动词 动名词 泛时性 概念性

v-ing形式 现在分词 也称动词 现时性 主动意义

过去分词 分词形式 完成性 被动意义

一、动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。否定式：not + (to) do ; 完成式to have done；进行式; to be doing;

1, 不定式的句法功能： (1)作主语: 常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后

常用句式有：①It+be+名词+to do; ②It takes sb. + some time +to do; ③ It + be+ 形容词 + of sb.(人的品质) / for sb. + to do;

It is very hard for us to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart.

It is careless of you to make such a silly mistake. It’s necessary for you to treasure the time.

(2)作表语： Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold.

(3)作宾语：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. We think it important to study hard.

动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如： I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.

动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English. He asked me what to do next.

(4)作宾语补足语： He tells me to study hard. He asked me to sit down.

(5)作定语：被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only等限定词时候，只能用不定式。

He is always the first to come and the last to go. What’s the next to do? She is the only girl to take part in the party.

I have a meeting to attend. He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about.

(6)作状语： ①表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.

②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果、意料之外)：常放在never, only后 　　He arrived late only to find the train had gone.

I visited him only to find him out. The prisoner breaks prison two times, only to be caught.

③表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.

2, 不定式的省略：If you don't want to do it, you don't need to. 3, 不定式的并列：He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.

二、动名词: 为名词的一种。1．形式: Ving；否定式；被动式：完成式：完成被动式；复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词

2．动名词的句法功能： （1）作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful. Collecting stamps is interesting.

（2）作表语:In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. （3）作宾语: They haven't finished building the dam.

（4）作定语： He can't walk without a walking-stick. Is there a swimming pool in your school?

（5）作同位语： The cave, his hiding-place is secret. His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．

固定搭配：① It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive, fun, a pity, a pleasure等adj.或n)+ doing sth．

It is useless speaking. It is nice seeing you again． It is good Playing chess after supper． It is expensive running this car．

②There is (no use, no good, difficulty, trouble, problem, fun, a pity, a pleasure等adj.或n) + doing sth． There is no need to do…

There is great fun doing outdoor games. There is no pleasure seeing nature through dusty curtains.

③ Sb. have (difficulty, trouble, problem, fun, pleasure, no good, no need等名词) + doing sth．

We have trouble working out the math problem. She has fun playing computer games.

三、现在分词具有形容词和副词的特征。 现在分词的形式：否定式； 主动语态； 被动语态；

1. 现在分词的句法功能： （1）作定语：The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

（2）作表语: He is studying English now. （3）作宾语补足语： Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?

（4）作状语： ①作时间状语： (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

②原因: Being a League member, he is always helping others. ③条件：(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

④伴随: He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. He gets home late, feeling tired and hungry.

⑤结果: He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. The government failed to control the situation, causing the revolution of people.

The construction of the gym caused much noise, making it difficult for people nearby to sleep.

⑥目的: He went swimming the other day. ⑦让步：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

四、过去分词的句法功能：1.作定语：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 2．作表语: The window is broken.

3．作宾语补足语：I heard the song sung several times last week.

4．作状语Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.

Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. Encouraged by the success of his friend, he started seeking his fortune in city.

非谓语动词注意的事项：

1, 否定式都在其前面否定 He apologized for his not being able to arrive on time. I’m surprised at your not having noticed.

Not having finished his work, he could not leave the office. Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret.

2, 主动形式表被动意义 The city is worth visiting. The book is worth reading. I have a letter to post.

但need/ require/ want/deserve 注意 The flower needs to be watered. (√) The flower needs watering. (√) The flower needs to water. (×)

The man deserves to be praised. (√) The man deserves praising. (√) The man deserves to praise. (×)

3，独立主格 非谓语动词在句首，发出此动作的逻辑主语与句子主语要一致；也可通过添加独立主格来表达句子。

Sitting on the bike, I came up with a lot of ideas. (√) Sitting on the bike, a lot of ideas came into my mind. (×)

To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. (√) To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. (×) With the work done, they went out to play.

There being no one in the room, he locked the door． All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. It being Sunday, the school is closed. With the lights burning, he fell asleep.

With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema． With the work finished, they went out to play.

4，独立成分： To tell the truth/ to be frank/ to be honest; Generally speaking/ frankly speaking/ honestly speaking; Judging from/by

Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. Generally speaking, girls are more careful.

5， V- ing 的形容词 常修饰物，表示物的特征特点； 同时也可表示动作的进行中，发展中

exciting match; developing country; boiling water; burning house;

V- ed 的形容词 常修饰人，表示人的心情； 同时也可表示动作的完成。

Excited boy; boiled water/ fallen leaves/ newly arrived goods/ the changed world /developed country/ boiled water/ burnt house

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