一
1. The computer keyboard has exactly the same layout as the typewriter keyboard(F)
2. To enter special computer-related codes, you may use some additional keys(T)
输入与计算机有关的特殊代码，你可以使用一些额外的钥匙
3. We must use storage hardware to store computer instructions and data, otherwise they will be lost when the power is turned off(T)
我们必须使用存储硬件存储计算机指令和数据，否则会丢失当电源关闭
4. Office filing systems store data as electromagnetic signals or laser-etched spots(F)
5. The processing hardware is mainly made up of CPU and memory(T)
处理硬件主要是由CPU和内存
6. The design of the CPU determines whether you can run simple or sophisticated software(F)
7. The more sophisticated software program, the more instructions it contains(T)
更复杂的软件程序，它包含更多的指令
8. If you have a large memory in your computer, you’ll be able to work with and process a large great amount of data and information at one time. (T)
如果你的计算机有一个大的内存，你将能够同时处理大数据量较大的信息。
9. The output hardware is a mean for the user to see information produced by the computer(T)
输出硬件是一个用户看到计算机产生的信息的意思
10. You can read hardcopy output on the monitor and softcopy output on paper.(F)
11. Usually the term computer is referred to as hardware(T)
通常计算机这个术语是指硬件
12. The manner in which the various individual systems are connected is also an element of the total computer system(T)
各式各样的单个系统连接的方式，也是整个计算机系统的一个元素
13. Without being connected with another computer system your computer can’t be called a computer system(F)
14. Usually hardware is more expensive to replace than software(F)
15. Without software instructions, the computer doesn’t know what to do(T)
如果没有软件指令，计算机不知道做什么
16. People can make decisions according to the data collected in a variety of ways(F)
17. The facts and figures can be converted into useful information by the computer(T)
事实和数字可以被计算机转换成有用的信息
18. All data can be changed into information(F)
二
1. Technologies have made the computer smaller and smaller(T) 技术使计算机越来越小
2. Almost everyone working in business can have contact with the supercomputer(F)
3. A mainframe computer can meet the needs of the processing requirement of hundreds of and thousands of users and computer professionals(T)
大型计算机可以满足加工要求的需要数百和数千个用户和计算机专业人员
4. A minicomputer, just like a microcomputer, is so popular that you always have chance to have contact with it(F)
5. Microcomputers can be used as powerful desktop workstations(T)
微型计算机可以作为强大的桌面工作站
6. The larger the computer, the faster it can process the data(T)
7. The microcomputer can be used to access information from the mainframe; it can also perform some specialized tasks(T) 微机可用于从主机访问信息;它还可以执行一些特殊任务
8. The cost of the computer itself is not a factor determining a computer’s type(F)
9. If you know the processing capabilities of your computer and the requirements of the software, you won’t expect it to do something it can’t do(T)
如果你知道你的计算机的处理能力和需求的软件,你不会期望它做一些不能做的事情
10. Computers used to be more expensive because they were made of vacuum tubes, magnetic cores and transistors(T)
计算机使用更昂贵的因为他们是用真空管，磁芯和晶体管
11. The difference of the control units of the CPUs might lead to incompatibility(T)
cpu的控制单元的差异可能会导致不兼容
12. Binary codes make up machine language and they are all identical in different computers(F)
13. Logical comparison functions are performed by the computer are factors that determine the computer’s processing speed(T)
逻辑比较的功能是由计算机执行的是确定计算机的处理速度的因素
14. The width of the data bus determines how many bits can form a character(F)
15. The machine cycle is divided into two parts-the instruction cycle and the execution cycle(T)
机器周期分为两部分的指令周期和执行周期
16. MHz stands for megahertz, which means millions of execution cycles per second(F)
17. Main memory has several names, among which are RAM, primary memory, or simply memory(F)
18. A byte usually occupies 9 bits(F)
19. The function of the ninth chip in a bank of memory is usually to check for errors(T)
第九个芯片的功能在银行的内存通常是检查错误
20. ROM chip can’t e changed while PROM chip is programmable(T)
ROM芯片不能E PROM芯片是可编程而改变
21. We should use several factors rather than only one factor to identify the processing power of a computer(T)
我们应该使用几个因素,而不是只有一个因素确定计算机的处理能力
三
1. The size of the CPU is becoming smaller and smaller, but its speed and capacity are in-creasing tremendously(T)
CPU的尺寸变得越来越小,但其速度和容量是支出的很大
2. The function of bus is to temporarily store data and instruction(F)
3. The movement of electronic signals between ain memory and the ALU, and the control signals between the CPU and input/output devices is controlled by the control unit of the CPU(T)
电子的运动之间的信号是内存和ALU,和控制CPU和输入/输出设备之间的信号由CPU控制单元的控制
4. Gas to a car is just what software to a computer(T)
天然气汽车正是软件到电脑上
5. The language processor can convert the instructions into machine language the CPU can understand(T)
语言处理器可以转换成机器语言的指令CPU可以理解
6. The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical functions(T)
ALU执行所有的算术和逻辑功能
7. A picosecond is equal to 1/109 of a second(F)
8. All the registers are located in the control unit(F)
9. Before an instruction is executed, it is first retrieved from main memory and put into a register(T)
执行一条指令之前,首先从主内存检索并放入寄存器
10. The instruction cycle includes the execution of the instruction and the storing of the result into a register(F)
11. Instruction cycle plus the execution cycle is a machine cycle(T)
指令周期和执行周期是一个机器周期
12. If the speed of internal clock is 1 MHz, it means 1 million machine cycles per minute(F)
13. 32-bit registers can process 32 words at once(F)
14. The buses of some supercomputers are 128 bits wide, which means that it can carry 16 characters at a time(T)
一些超级计算机128位宽的公共汽车,这意味着它可以携带16字符
15. One Chinese character is one character, which has 8 bit.(F)
16. CRT stands for cathode-ray tube, another name for the monitor. (T)
CRT代表阴极射线管,监视另一个名字。
17. A monochrome monitor displays text or graphics in colours( F)
18. RGB monitor can display in three colours, namely red, green and blue(F)
19. If you want to take advantage of a monitor’s capabilities, you need an appropriate soft-ware(T)
如果你想利用显示器的功能,你需要一个合适的软件
20. The power supply, the motherboard and the storage devices are housed in the main unit. (T)
电源,主板和存储设备被安置在主单元。
21. The expansion slots are in the CPU for additiona components to be plugged in(F)
22. The storage devices include floppy disk and hard disk drives(T)
存储设备包括软盘和硬盘驱动器
23. The expansion slots on the motherboard are for new components to be added(T)
主板的扩展槽上添加新组件
24. If you want to communicate between computers over phone lines, you usually purchase an internal or external modem(T)
25. Video display boards are add-on components , but they can’t be inserted into the expansion slots(F)
四
1. The CPU usually uses directly the software instructions and data stored in the hard disks(F)
2. You can assess RAM at random(T)
你可以评估随机RAM
3. As soon as you turn the computer off or restart it by pressing Ctrl-Alt-Del, the contents of RAM disappear(T)
一旦你关掉电脑或重新启动它的紧迫的任务管理器,RAM的内容消失
4. When you ask the CPU to interpret and execute some application program instructions, it will first retrieve them from the hard disk(F)
5. The data you put from the keyboard goes directly into the hard disk(F)
6. The data that has been produced as a result of processing stays in the memory until it is used in subsequent processing or transferred to an output device(T)
产生的数据结果的处理在后续处理中使用的内存,直到或转移到一个输出设备
7. A bank of 64 KB RAM can store 64 KB bytes, which means each RAM chip is capable of storing 64 KB bits（F）
8. A byte commonly contains 8 bits to represent a single character, and the ninth bit is used for error detection(T)
一个字节通常包含8位代表一个字符,和第九位用于错误检测
9. The software you use takes up the space in RAM(T)
你使用的软件在内存占用空间
10. Your machine’s memory capacity determines what kind of programs you can use(T)
你的机器的内存容量决定什么样的程序可以使用
11. Expanded memory or extended memory is one kind of memory using two names(F)
12. We can use an add-on memory card by pressing it into an expansion slot to expand the memory(T)
我们可以使用一个插件记忆卡按到一个扩展内存扩展槽
13. Every computer know how much memory it has even if you have expanded it(F)
14. According to the passage you must adjust some switch settings in the computer, telling it the increased amount of memory. (T)
根据你必须通过调整一些开关设置在电脑,告诉它的内存数量的增加。
15. Open architecture is necessary for add-on boards or cards(T)开放架构是必要的插件板或卡片
16. Extended memory can be used by any type of software(F)
17. Any programs are compatible with the extended and expanded memory(F)
18. Cache memory is faster, smaller and more expensive than RAM, so it holds the instructions and data the CPU needs immediately(T)
高速缓冲存储器是更快、更小、更昂贵的比内存,所以CPU立即要持有的指令和数据
19. The instructions stored in ROM will also disappear when the power in the computer is turned off(F)
20. It’s impossible that all the programs are stored in ROM(T)
这所有的项目都存储在ROM是不可能的
21. The data and instructions in PROM are determined by the manufacturer(F)
22. EPROM chip can be erased and the PROM burner can be used to reprogram the chip(T)
EPROM芯片可以抹去,舞会燃烧器可用于重新编程芯片
23. TO erase and rerecord an EPROM is very simple and convenient for users(F)
24. The instructions and data in EEPROM chips may be changed under software control(T)
eepm芯片的指令和数据可能在软件的控制下被改变
EEPROM chips are being used in point-of-sale terminals because of low cost(F)
五
1. Without a computer network, there would be no Internet business(T) 没有计算机网络,就不会有互联网业务
2. If there were no Internet, you could not send digital information by email(T)
如果没有互联网,你不可能通过电子邮件发送的数字信息
3. The hub at the center of a star network is a sort of software(F)
4. LAN is a communications network confined to a very small geographic region(T)
局域网是一个通信网络局限于一个非常小的地理区域
5. The message is usually sent as a whole over a network(F)
6. IF two computers send a packet at the same time there is a “collision”, which is too hard to handle(F)
7. Ethernet is a network rather than a technology(F)
8. Ethernet is responsible for the solution of the problem of collision over the network(T)
以太网负责通过网络碰撞问题的解决方案
9. The bandwidth is divided into three kinds, namely broadband, narrowband, and mid-band(T)
带宽分为三种类型,即宽带、窄带、mid-band
10. The transmission speed of the broadband is at least 10Mbps(T)
宽带的传输速度至少是10 mbps
11. If one path is used to establish a connection between computers A and B, it also can serve another connection between two other computers(F)
12. The problem with circuit switching has nothing to do with how much information is ex-changed(T)
电路交换的问题已经没有多少信息交换
13. Two computers might want to exchange a file, and after that file is exchanged the computers may engage in communication again in no time(F)
14. The packets are Cut addressed, and sent, following the same route , otherwise they can-not be reassembled at the destination(F)
15. Two important companies, IBM and AT&T, did not bid to build a packet switched network for ARPA because they thought there was almost no hope to succeed(T)
两个重要的公司,IBM和AT&T,并没有为了构建ARPA的分组交换网络,因为他们认为几乎没有成功的希望
16. The datagrams are addressed and can reach the destination independently(T)
数据报处理,独立可以到达目的地
17. The packets are encapsulated into frames in order to travel across the network faster(F)
18. The TCP is responsible for assembling the packets in the correct order and checking for missing packets(T)
tcp负责组装数据包在正确的顺序和检查丢失的数据包
19. The IP software is responsible for requesting new packets or duplicate ones, if the TCP find missing packets(T)
IP软件负责请求新的数据包或重复的,如果TCP找到丢失的数据包
20. Every computer has an IP address(F)
21. EVERY computer on the network has an IP address(T)
网络上的每台计算机有一个ip地址
22. Conventionally, the IP address is stated in decimal rather than binary format(T)
一般来说,IP地址是在小数而不是二进制格式
23. One byte has eight bits, and each IP address has four bytes, altogether 32 bits(T)
一个字节有八位,每个IP地址有四个字节,共32位
第一单元
1. The four categories of computer hardware are_input hardware__,__starge hardware__,__output hardware__and__processing hardware__.
2. A well-designed CPU makes the computer have strong processing_power__,and high processing_speed__and uses the amount of main_memory__effectively.
3. The brain of the computer is the_central__ _processing__ _unit__.
4. The main memory can be also called_internal__memory,_primary__storage,or just_memory__.
5. The example for input dedvice in this passage is the_keyboard__,the most common components of processing hardware are the_central__ _processing__ _unit__and_main__ _memory__and the output device this passage deals with is the_monitor__.
二单元
1. We can choose to buy an appropriate computer to meet our needs from a variety of __sizes_,_shapes_and__processing__ __capabilities__.
2. Comparing their capabilities,computers are generally grouped intofour basic categories:__supercomputers__,__minframe computrrs__ __mincomputer__and__microcomputers__.
3. If you were an employee of an airline,a bank,a large insurance company and etc.you would likely have contact,through your individual workstation-with a__mainframe__ __computer__.
4. Minicomputers and mainframe computers can work much faster than__microconputers__and have many more__storage locations__in main memory.
5. Microcomputers vary in size from small__portables__such as__laptop computers__that you can carry around like a briefcase,to powerful,such as those__desktop__ __workstations__used by engineers and scientists.
6. Silicon is referred to as a__semicorductor__because it sometimes conducts electricity and sometimes does not.
7. In general,a computer’s type is determined by the following seven factors:the type of__cpu_,the amount of main__memory_the CPU can use.The capacity of the__storage_devices,the speed of the output_devices_,the_processing_speed in millions of instructions per second(mips),the number of_users_that can aaccess the computer at one time and the cost of the computer system.
8. A microcomputer-generally used by only one person at a time-uses a_micropraessor_ _chip_as its CPU.
第三单元
1. The CPU circuitry of a microcomputer-called a__microprocessor_-can now fit on a chip about the size of your thumbnail,or even smaller.
2. The parts of the CPU are usually connected by an electronic component referred to as a__bus_,which acts as an electronic highway between them.
3. To temporarily store data and instructions,the CPU has special-purpose storage devices called_registers_.
4. The _control_does not execute instructions itself;it tells other parts of the computer systemwhat to do.
5. The language_prolessor_converts software instructions into a low-level form of instructions the computer can work with-machine language,the only language that the CPU can understand.
6. In machine language,data and instructions are represented in_binary_form.
7. ALU performs all the_arithmetic_and_logical_(comparison)functions-that is,it adds,subtracts,multiplies,divides,and does comparisons.
8. Older and newer microcomputers’speeds are measured in_milliseconds_and_microsecrords_respectively and larger,powerful computers’speeds are measured in_nanoseconds_.
9. The _instruction_cycle,or I-cycle,refers to the retrieval of an instruction from main memory and its subsequent decoding.
10. The _execution_cycle,or E-cycle,refers to the execution of the instruction and the subsequent storing of the result in a register.
11. The speed of the internal clock is expressed in_megahertz（MHz）
12. The size of a register is referred to as _wordsize_.
第四单元
1. The CPU usually can only utilize those software instructions and data that are stored in __main memory__
2. The name of __RAM__derives from the fact that data can be stored in and retrieved at ran-dom
3. Users often save their work frequently onto nonvolatile secondary storage devices such as __disketters __ or __ hard disks__
4. In main memory it takes eight__ chips__ to store on character
5. The first 8 bits build the characters; the ninth chip holds the __parity __ bit, or check bit, that is used for error detection
6. For MS-DOS computers two types of memory are used to increase RAM beyond the 640KB limit __expanded__ memory and __extended__ memory.
7. To ”upgrade the system”includes changing from a __monochrome__ display screen to a color screen
8. Beacause it is faster,smaller and more expensive than RAM, __cache__ memory holds only those instructions and data that the processor needs immediately
9. The process of manufacturing __rom__ chips and recording data on tthem was more expensive than the process of producing RAM chips
10. The prices recorded on EEPROM chips can be easily __updated__ as needed
第五单元
1. If there were no Internet we would have to send someone a floppy disk or Zip disk by __mail__ or __ courier__
2. The __hub__ at the center of the __star__ network takes the data from one computer in the network and passes them on to the other computers in the network
3. LAN stands for __Local area network__
4. When sending a message over a network(e.g., an email), the message is usually broken up into a smaller set of messages called __packets__
5. __Ethernet__is a LAN technology responsible for handling the collisions and retransmitting the packets.
6. Bandwidth is often measured in __kilobits persecond__(Kbps)
7. The problems with __circuit switching __ is that the line is blocked regardless of how much information is exchanged
8. The packets across the network are numbered so they can be __reassembled__ the correct sequence at the destination
9. The IP in TCP/IP stands for __Internet protocd __ and TCP for __Transmission control__
10. Packets that follow the IP specification are called IP __date grams__
11. In order to travel across different types of networks,the packets are encapsulated into __Frames__
12. An IP address is based on __binary_ _ numbers ,but by convention, we are stating the IP address in __decimal__ rather than binary format
UNIT 1
1.someone who does not necessarily have much technical knowledge about computers but who makes decisions based on information processed by the computer user
2.equipment made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical components that uses software to process data computer
3.raw, unorganized and not processed facts data
4.meaningful and useful facts that have been processed from data by a computer information
5.most common type of input device used with computers keyboard
6.processing of data into information data processing
7.output device that can display text and graphics in a variety of colors monitor
8.primary storage of the computer,which can be thought of as an electronic desktop memory
9.A display screen often called a monitor,serves as a window on main memory,allowing the __user___ to view its contents
10.Color __monitor__ displays characters,charts,pictures,and diagrams in color
11.A computer is a machine whose function is to accept __data__ and process them into information
12.The basic input device on most small and microcomputer systems is a __keyboard__
13.A computer is a __data processing__machine.
13Unless some human being needs the__information__,there is no point to processing the data
14.A __computer__is a machine whose function is to accept data and process it into information.
15.A computer cannot execute a program stored on disk unless it is first copied into main __memory__
16.The computer’s __input device__reads the information into the computer
17.With a touch screen or light pen ,a user enters a point simply by touching a spot on the __screen__
18.The processor__manipulate_ the data,storing the results back into memory
19.If a computer is to function without direct human control,it must be given a set of __instructions_ to guide it ,step by step,through a process
20.In Windows,the Recycle Bin is a temporary storage place for deleted files.You can use it to __retrieve__ files deleted in errors.
21.Input is a process that involves the use of a device to encode or transform data into digital__code__that the computer can process
22.One way of obtaining__hardcopy__is to press the Ctrl and Print Screen keys simultaneously
23.The cursor control keys found on many keyboards perform the same__function__
UNIT 2
1.a powerful single-user computer,usually attached to a network (workstation)
2.the generic term for any microcomputer that is designed to be carried around (portable computer)
3.a kind of portable computer which can be put on the lap (laptop computer)
4.a non-metallic element with semiconductor characteristics (silicon)
5.a material whose electrical conductivity increases with temperature and is intermediate between metals and insulators (semiconductor)
6.electrical force measured in volts (voltage)
7.the amount of space in a storage device (capacity)
8.a piece of hardware that is usually attached to a computer and is not part of the main central processor (device)
9.The floppy disk drive is designed to work with disks that can hold a specific amount of information, so you should know whick disk __capacity__works best with the disk drive
10.The keyboard is the computer’s main input __device__
11.A __laptop computer__ can be carried around like a briefcase
12.__portable computer__ include laptops,notebooks,palmtops etc.
13.__silicon__ is a material made of sand
14.We call such a material a __semiconductor__ as sometimes conducts electricity and sometimes does not.
15.A__workstation__is a terminal used by an employee to enter data and receive information.
16.The computer’s LCD(a liquid crystal display)screen is covered by a sheet of glass with a transparent conductive coation.__voltage__is sent across the glass in horizontal and vertical lines forming a fine grid;at any point on the grid,the __voltage__ is slightly different
17.__random access memory(RAM)__is a storage system that holds information while the computer is turned on
18.__read only memory(ROM)__is a part of primary storage that can be retrieved but not erased or changed by a program instructions
19.In order to save space,the keyboards on __portable__ and notebook PCs have largely different layouts from that of standard keyboards
20.Before you can __access__ any data on the diskette,you must insert the disk into the disk drive
21.A computer cannot execute a program stored on disk unless part of it is first copied into __main memory__
22.A computer with a large memory is more capable of holding the thousands of instructions that are contained in the more __sophisticated programs__
23.The size and number of the registers can dramatically affect the __processing capabilities__of a computer system
24.In general, a ROM chip stores __instruction_necessary to tell a computer what to do when it is first turned on
25.Gigantic amounts of scientific __computation__ can be handled be a supercomputer
26.When you meet difficulties in using Windows NT,you’d better ask a __computer professional__ for help.
27.The __configuration__commands in CONFIG.SYS can use either uppercase or lowercase characters.,but you can not type them at the MS-DOS prompt
28.What a computer program produces is a stream of coded symbols,which the output device usually converts into a form of information that is easy for people to use or understend.
29.Data may be transferred from storage to the internal memory or from the internal memory to the arithmetic unit by means of condective channels known as data buses
30.The letter T and the number 5 are known as __character__
31.A filename can be from one to eight characters in length,and can be typed in uppercase or lowercase.DOS automatically __decodes__ filenames to uppercase letters.
32.The processor is required to generate address and control signals to __synchronize__ flow of data over the bus
33.The microprocessor, which can be contained on a single silicon chip,is a product of the microminiaturization of electronic __circuitry__
34.The __internal clock__ in the circuitry generates precisely timed pulses of current that synchronize the processor’s other components
Unit 4
1. Main memory can be thought of as an electronic __desktop__. The more desk surface you have in front of you ,the more you can place on it
2. If your computer has a lot of memory,you can place more __sofeware__ instructions in it .
3. Graphics are also used in __animation__
4. If the information stored in RAM is to be retrieved at a later time,it must be __transferred__ another storage device or it will be lost when the computer is turned off
5. A computer equipped with a large amount of main memory can support more __sophisticated__ grams and can even hold several different programs in memory at the same time
6. Many other manufacturers have produced __compatible__ computers; that is ,computers which work in the same mannr as the IBM PC and use the same software
7. SMARTDRV.SYS creates a disk __cache__ in memory that MS-DOS used to hold information recently read from disk
8. If you are buying a computer system and think you might want to __upgrade__ at a later data, make sure you purchase a computer with open architecture
Unit 5
1.Mail reflector is a specialized address from which email is automatically __forwarded__ a set of other addressers, commonly used to implement a mail discussion group
2.In order to travel across different types of networks,the packets __are encapsulated__ into frames
3.Broadband channels are carried on coaxialor fiber-optic _cable_ that have a wider band-width than conventional telephone lines
4.It is said that we are living in the era when knowledge is __bursty__
5.When a collision occurs the packets __are retransmitted__ after a very small random interval
6.HTTP stands for hypertext transport __protocol__
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