英语简单句的五种基本类型一览表
广义上讲,文章的最小单位是句子.句子才是文章的最基本的组成部分.高考题中的书面表达除了对考生的怎么笔头表达的整体结构有所要求外,更重要的是看考生的语句的使用情况是否正确、是否得当、是否地道。因此，只有熟练地掌握了句子的基本类型和常用句型，考生才能灵活自如的发挥自己的写作才能。而句子的灵魂是动词，在句子中，动词起了不可或缺的作用。现将句子的基本类型及常用句型分述如下：
（一）句子的基本类型
类型1：主语+谓语（+状语）
Example1:
主语 | 谓语 | 句义 | |
1 | Fire | burns. | 火燃烧。 |
2 | Birds | fly. | 鸟飞翔。 |
3 | We all | breathe,eat, and drink. | 我们都呼吸、吃饭、喝水。 |
4 | The moon | has risen. | 月亮已经升起来了。 |
5 | The sun | was shining. | 太阳照耀着。 |
Example 2:
主语 | 谓语 | 状语（副词/介词短语/名词） | 名义 | |
1 | He | works | hard. | 他努力工作。 |
2 | She | is working | quickly. | 她快速的走着。 |
3 | It | was raining | heavily. | 下雨得很大。 |
4 | We | will arrive | soon. | 我 我们很快会到达。 |
5 | He | stood | there. | 他站在那儿。 |
6 | She | is reading | in the sun. | 她在阳光下读书。 |
7 | The rain | lasted | all day. | 雨下了一整天. |
8 | They | had travelled | a long way. | 他们已经走了很长的路。 |
9 | We | waited | two hours. | 我们等了两小时。 |
10 | It | weighs | two tons. | 它重两吨。 |
11 | We | stayed | the whole night. | 我们呆了整整一个晚上。 |
12 | He | may live | many years. | 他也许能活好多年。 |
Example3:
主语 | 谓语 | 状语(不定式/分词) | 句义 | |
1 | We | stopped | to have a rest. | 我们停下来休息一会儿. |
2 | I | returned | to get my book. | 我回来取书. |
3 | He | arrived | only to find the bus leaving. | 他到达时却发现车正离开. |
4 | He | stood | there,begging. | 他站在那儿乞讨. |
5 | She | ran. | followed by a dog. | 她跑着,后面跟着一条狗. |
类型2: 主语+谓语+宾语
Example1:
主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(名/代) | 句义 | |
1 | He | cut | his finger. | 他割伤了他的手指. |
2 | We | have already had | breakfast. | 我们已经吃过了早饭. |
3 | A baby | can not dress | itself. | 婴儿不能自己穿衣. |
4 | We | lit | a fire. | 我们点起了一堆火. |
5 | I | dug | a hole. | 我挖了一个洞. |
Example2:
主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(不定式) | 句义 | |
1 | I | have promised | to help them. | 我已经答应帮助他们. |
2 | They | decided | not to go. | 他们绝不会去. |
3 | He | pretended | not to see me. | 他假装没有看见我。 |
4 | We | planned | to buy it. | 我们计划买下它。 |
5 | He | agreed | to pay for it. | 他同意负担它的费用。 |
6 | I | wonder | how to do it. | 我茫然不知如何做。 |
7 | I | don’t know | what to do. | 我不知道怎么办。 |
8 | She | was wondering | which to buy. | 她正不知买哪个好。 |
9 | You | must remember | when to begin. | 你必须记住何时开始。 |
10 | I | don’t know | where to go. | 我不知去哪儿。 |
Example 3:
主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(动名词) | 句义 | |
1 | He | enjoys | playing chess. | 他喜欢下棋。 |
2 | They | remembered | doing it. | 他们记得曾做过此事。 |
3 | She | don’t mind | my smoking. | 她不介意我吸烟。 |
4 | We | suggested | changing it. | 我们建议改变它。 |
5 | He | couldn’t help | laughing. | 他忍不住大笑起来。 |
Example4:
主语 | 谓语 | 宾语从句 | 句义 | |
1 | I | hope | (that) you will come here. | 我希望你来这里。 |
2 | I | suppose | (that) you will be there. | 我猜想你会在那里。 |
3 | He | explained | (that) nothing could be done. | 他解释说什么都没做。 |
4 | I | don’t think | (that) it will rain tomorrow. | 我认为明天不会下雨。 |
5 | He | saw | (that) the plan was useless. | 他明白那计划没用。 |
6 | I | suggested | (that) he should leave early. | 我建议他早些离开。 |
7 | I | wonder | why he has not come. | 我想知道他为什么没来。 |
8 | I | wonder | whether(if) he will come. | 我想知道他是否会来。 |
9 | I | do not mind | where we go. | 我们去哪里我都不介意。 |
10 | He | knows | who she is. | 他知道她是谁。 |
11 | I | do not care | what you think. | 我不在乎你怎么想。 |
12 | Nobody | knows | whose it is. | 没人知道它是谁的。 |
类型3:主语+谓语+表语
Example 1:
主语 | 系动词 | 表语 | 句义 | |
1 | This | is | a book. | 这是一本书。 |
2 | This book | is | mine. | 这本书是我的。 |
3 | They | are | hard-working. | 他们很勤劳。 |
Example 2:
主语 | 系动词 | 表语 | 句义 | |
1 | The boy | looks | a smart boy | 这孩子看起来很伶俐。 |
2 | This film | seems | moving. | 这部电影似乎很动人。 |
3 | You | appear | all right. | 你好像身体很好。 |
4 | He | got | drunk. | 他喝醉了。 |
5 | She | turned | pale at the thought. | 一想到这，她脸变得苍白。 |
6 | The room | became | crowded soon. | 房间很快拥挤起来。 |
7 | The well | ran | dry. | 井干了。 |
8 | The food | went | bad. | 食物发霉了。 |
9 | She | remained | calm. | 她保持冷静。 |
10 | The shop | stays | open until 12. | 商店营业直到现在12点。 |
11 | The tool | proved | (to be) useful. | 这工具证明很有用。 |
12 | Cotton | feels | soft | 棉花摸上去很柔软。 |
13 | I | felt | puzzled and upset. | 工感到困惑不安。 |
14 | Her song | sounds | sweet. | 她的歌听起来很甜。 |
15 | The food | tastes | delicious. | 这食物尝起来很可口. |
16 | Flowers | smell | pleasant. | 花儿闻起来很怡人. |
17 | He | keeps | silent all day. | 他一整天不说话. |
类型4：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
Example1:
主语 | 谓语 | 间接宾语 | 直接宾语 | 句义 | |
1 | I | gave | my friend | the money. | 我给了朋友钱。 |
2 | They | told | us | the news. | 他们告诉我们这消息。 |
3 | We | showed | our teachers | the pictures. | 我们给老师看了照片。 |
4 | I | didn’t lend | anybody | my books. | 我没有把书借给任何人。 |
5 | He | offered | me | some money. | 他给了我一些钱。 |
6 | I | owe | the tailor | ten pounds. | 我欠裁缝十英镑。 |
7 | He | handed | her | the salt. | 他把盐递给了她。 |
8 | I | will bring | them | some peanuts. | 我将给他们带些花生。 |
Example2:
主语 | 谓语 | 直接宾语 | to | 介词宾语 | 句义 | |
1 | I | gave | the money. | to | my friend | 我给了朋友钱。 |
2 | They | told | the news. | to | us | 他们告诉我们这消息。 |
3 | We | showed | the pictures. | to | our teachers | 我们给老师看了照片。 |
4 | I | didn’t lend | my books. | to | anybody | 我没有把书借给任何人。 |
5 | He | offered | some money. | to | me | 他给了我一些钱。 |
6 | I | owe | ten pounds. | to | the tailor | 我欠裁缝十英镑。 |
7 | He | handed | the salt. | to | her | 他把盐递给了她。 |
8 | I | will bring | some peanuts. | to | them | 我将给他们带些花生。 |
Example3:
主语 | 谓语 | 间接宾语 | 直接宾语 | 句义 | |
1 | I | bought | my wife | a gold watch. | 我给妻子买了一块金表。 |
2 | They | saved | me | some money. | 他们给我储蓄了一些钱。 |
3 | She | made | herself | a new dress. | 她给自己做了一套新衣服。 |
4 | I | left | him | some food. | 我给他留了些食物。 |
5 | He | got | me | two tickets. | 他给我买了两张票。 |
6 | I | did | him | a favor. | 我帮了他一个忙。 |
Example4:
主语 | 谓语 | 直接宾语 | for | 间接宾语 | 句义 | |
1 | I | bought | a gold watch. | for | my wife | 我给妻子买了一块金表。 |
2 | They | saved | some money. | for | me | 他们给我储蓄了一些钱。 |
3 | She | made | a new dress. | for | herself | 她给自己做了一套新衣服。 |
4 | I | left | some food. | for | him | 我给他留了些食物。 |
5 | He | got | two tickets. | for | me | 他给我买了两张票。 |
6 | I | did | a favor. | for | him | 我帮了他一个忙。 |
类型5：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Example1:
主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(名/代) | 宾补(不定式to do) | 句义 | |
1 | I | asked | her | to open the window. | 我要她打开窗户. |
2 | He | wants | me | to be early. | 他想要我早到. |
3 | He | likes | his wife. | to dress well. | 他喜欢妻子穿得漂亮. |
4 | I | warned | him | not to be late. | 我警告他不要迟到. |
5 | She | allowed | me | to smoke here. | 她允许我在这儿吸烟. |
Example2:
主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(名/代) | 宾补(不定式to be) | 句义 | |
1 | They | believed | him | (to be) innocent. | 他们相信他是无辜的. |
2 | We | consider | her | (to be) honest. | 我们认为她是诚实的. |
3 | I | consider | it | (to be) a shame. | 我认为这是一个耻辱. |
4 | We | think | Tom | (to be) bright. | 我们认为汤姆聪明. |
5 | We | proved | him | (to be) wrong. | 我们证明了他是错误的. |
Example3:
主语 | 谓语 | 宾语(名/代) | 宾补(省to的不定式) | 句义 | |
1 | I | made | him | finish the job. | 我让他做完那件工作. |
2 | You | mustn’t let | the matter | rest here. | 你不可让这事停下来。 |
3 | I | will have | him | do the work. | 我会让他做这件工作。 |
4 | He | helped | me | (to) carry the box. | 他帮我搬箱子。 |
5 | I | heard | someone | come in. | 我听到有人进来。 |
6 | We | saw | them | go out. | 我们看见他们出去了。 |
7 | I | felt | the house | shake. | 我感到房子摇动。 |
8 | She | noticed | the thief | leave the shop. | 她看到贼离开了商店。 |
Example4:
主语 | 谓语 | 宾语（名/代） | 宾补(现在分词) | 句义 | |
1 | I | saw | him | running off. | 我看到他跑开了。 |
2 | I | smelt | something | burning. | 我闻到有东西在燃烧。 |
3 | We | watched | her | leaving. | 我们看着她离去。 |
4 | I | felt | the house | shaking. | 我感到房子在摇动。 |
5 | They | left | me | standing outside. | 他们留下我站在外边。 |
6 | We | found | them | working. | 我们发现他们在在工作。 |
7 | She | kept | me | waiting. | 他让我久等。 |
8 | He | heard | someone | shouting for help. | 他听到有人喊救命。 |
Example5:
主语 | 谓语 | 宾语（名/代） | 宾补（过去分词） | 句义 | |
1 | You | must get | your hair | cut. | 你必须要理发了。 |
2 | She | had | a new cap | made. | 她找人做了顶新冒子。 |
3 | We | heard | a song | sung. | 我们听到有人唱歌。 |
4 | He | saw | the house | broken into. | 他看到房子被破门而入。 |
5 | They | found | him | beaten. | 他们发现他被人打了。 |
Example6:
主语 | 谓语 | 宾语（名/代） | 宾补（形容词） | 句义 | |
1 | He | got | his shoes | dirty. | 他把鞋子弄脏了。 |
2 | It | keeps | us | warm. | 它使我们保持暖和。 |
3 | I | found | the box | empty. | 我发现箱子是空的。 |
4 | He | painted | the door | yellow. | 他把门染成了黄色。 |
5 | I | wish | her | happy. | 我但愿她幸福。 |
Example7:
主语 | 谓语 | 宾语（名/代） | 宾补（名词） | 句义 | |
1 | We | made | him | monitor. | 我们选他当班长。 |
2 | They | named | their son | Henry. | 他们给孩子取名亨利。 |
3 | I | called | him | Uncle Lee. | 我叫他李叔叔。 |
4 | We | chose | Tom | chairman. | 我们选汤姆当主席。 |
5 | They | elected | him | President. | 他们选举他为总统。 |
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