trouble什么时候不可数，什么时候可数

发布时间：2018-06-27 09:21:24 来源：文档文库

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trouble什么时候不可数，什么时候可数?

"It is a pity to give you so much trouble.”"Life is full of small troubles."这两个句中.trouble为何在前句中不可数，而在后句中可数?

   这一问题涉及某些抽象名词的数的不同用法。一般说来，如trouble, kindness, anxiety, joy, friendship, sympathy, pity, security等均属于抽象名词，是不可数的，但当它们的词义经转化或带有修饰成分时，可以“具体化”并被不定冠词修饰或加上复数后缀I.s1.。试比较下列各对句子:

1.This was another example of their lack of experience.(经验)

2.I've had some very disturbing experiences.(经历)

1.It is a pity to give you so much trouble.(麻烦)

2.Life is full of small troubles.(烦心的事)

1.He was filled with joy.(欢乐)

2.My children are a great joy to me.(令人快慰的事)

此外，还需说明的是抽象名词的数的问题有如下几种情况:

1)既可用作不可数名词.又可用作可数名词，词义区别不大的抽象名词。如:

belief一a belief一beliefs;

birth一a birth一births;

hope一a hope一hopes;

change一a change一changes;

desire一a desire一desires ;

custom一a custom一customs;

habit一a habit一habits等

2)既可用作不可数名词，又可用作复数名词但有词义区别的抽象名词。如:

   damage(损害)-damages(赔偿费)

   advice(忠告)-advices(消息，报告)

   regard(尊敬.关心)-regards(问候)

   pity(怜悯，同情)-pities(不幸)

   sympathy(同情)-sympathies(慰问信)

   delicacy(精美，微妙)-delicacies(山珍海味)

   3)只能用作不可数名词的抽象名词。如:

   abundance, astonishment, conduct, cooperation, envy, ease, information,harm, honesty, neglect, obedience, revenge等。

   4)可以用作单数或复数可数名词的抽象名词。如:

   answer, award, bribe, boast, case, cry, quarrel，trick, scream, knock, mistake, example, epoch, event, accident,晒sode, earthquake等。

   5)用于特定意义时常用复数形式的抽象名词。如:

   riches(财富),effects(个人所有物),thanks(感谢), manners(礼貌), rituals(宗教仪式), wishes(祝愿),excesses(过分行动，暴行),doings(行为)等。