《中考汇编》江苏省常州市2017-2019年三年中考英语试卷分类汇编阅读理解

阅读理解

2019

三、阅读理解（共13小题; 每小题2分, 满分26分）

阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。

A

The Dead Sea

At 430 meters below sea level, the Dead Sea is Earth's lowest point on land. It is popular for its wonderful buoyancy(浮力). The high salt content-more than 34 percent - makes swimming more like floating.

Now the Dead Sea is actually dying. People are using water from the Jordan River, which takes water away from the Dead Sea. Since 1930, its surf area has reduced by almost 40 percent.

Venice, Italy

With waterways instead of streets. This "Floating City" has attracted visitors for centuries. But no visit to Venice is complete without a ride on one of its famous gondolas, human powered water taxis. Water creates Venice. But water will also kill the city.

Built on soft earth, Venice has slowly been sinking (下沉) for centuries. Now, with rising sea levels caused by human activities, it's sinking faster. According to US-based magazine Architectural Digest, the city may disappear in the next 100 years. Better book your gondola soon!

Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Covering more than 2,300 kilometers of Australia's northeast coast, Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest reef ecosystem, and an ideal place for scuba divers (水肺潜水者).Thousands of colorful coral (珊瑚) and fish make homes in the blue sea water. It's like a big underwater party!

Sadly, the party might be over soon. The reef is dying. Human activities are changing the weather. Warming ocean, water kills the coral, and this causes problems up the food chain. The New York Times reported that large parts are already dead, and the reef system might be gone by 2030.

23. What can be the best title of the passage?

A. Disappearing Watery Wonders

B. Amazing Man-made Wonders on the Sea

C. Lost Watery Wonders on the Sea

D. Last Watery Wonders in the World

24. Which of the following is the shared cause of the problems all the three places are facing?

A. Water loss. B. Sea pollution.

C. Warming seas. D. Human activities.

25. If Tom wants to visit all the following places before they are gone, and he can only afford one

in the next 15 years, where must he go?

A. The Dead Sea. B. Venice. C. Italy. D. Great Barrier Reef.

B

There is good news for students of vocational (职业的) colleges in China: the government has announced plans to develop modern vocational education. Premier Li Kegiang said the government should speed up the development of modern vocational education to meet the need for skilled workers and technicians (技术人员) in the job market. High school graduates and workers with no special training are encouraged to study in higher vocational colleges. Li said that the number of the new students in higher vocational colleges in China should go up by I million this year. This is the first time the central government has a clear plan.

This comes after the news of the large shortfall (不足) in highly skilled technicians, although China has millions of technical workers. China is expected to face a shortfall of 3million skilled workers who can operate the newest machines by 2020. The shortfall will grow to 4.5 million by 2025. Also, vocational education is unsatisfactory (不令人满意的), although there are many vocational colleges in China. In some vocational colleges, the education methods and courses cannot meet the need of upgrading (升级), manufacturing (制造业). As can be seen from the job market, some companies still can't find highly skilled technicians even with high pay.

To deal with the problem. some vocational colleges have worked with companies to teach students. They have hired skilled technicians from companies as teachers. With the rising of the skilled workers' social position and pay, it is believed the vocational education system in China will start to play a bigger role in the development of China.

26. What's the main purpose of the development of modern vocational education in China?

A. To train more highly skilled technicians for the job markets

B. To help vocational college graduates get higher pay from their work.

C. To ask more people to live on themselves with technical skills.

D. To encourage more companies to upgrade manufacturing.

27. What is one of the problems of Chinese vocational education according to the passage?

A. Higher vocational college teachers are not well paid and valued..

B. There are only a small number of higher vocational colleges in China.

C. The education methods and courses in vocational colleges are unsatisfactory.

D. Some of the vocational college teachers are skilled technicians from companies.

28. The writer believes China's future vocational education is _____________.

A. hopeful B. doubtful C. unsatisfactory D. worrying

C

Nowadays, it never seems we have enough time to realize all of the reading goals (目标) that we set for ourselves. Luckily, we have mobile apps such as Latte Read and GetAbstract to provide abstracts (梗概) of a text. Abstracts are useful tools, especially for students, but like having a friend describe the main content of a story to you, you cannot experience the joy and excitement of reading the original (原来的) text of yourself.

I recently finished reading a thick book of W. Somerset Maugham's collected short stories. It took me around ten years to get through. Thomas Mann's difficult The Magic Mountain took me about six months to read; Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged made me very bored most of the time. Reading a book, whether it is good or bad, is a formative (建设性的) experience. There are plenty of books which I probably shouldn't have taken the time to read. But the challenge of living for a time in the thoughts and experiences of a different history or character makes even the worst book a valuable effort.

Whenever I finish the last line of a book and slowly close it, I like to sit there and think over its lines with a mix of nostalgia (怀旧之情) and pride. I then take the book in hand and find a place for it on my bookshelf. When I step back and look at the books on my shelf, it is as if I am looking at the history of the different lives that I have lived.

Abstracts are useful as a tool to an end, but reading the actual (真正的) book is something much richer. Reading, like anything else in life, is much more about the journey than it ever was the destination (目的地).

29. What does the writer mainly want to say?

A. Reading abstracts is a best short way to enjoy literature.

B. Reading abstracts cannot bring you the true feeling of actual reading.

C. Reading different kinds of books brings you many advantages.

D. The journey and the destination are equally important in our reading.

30. What can we know about the writer from the second paragraph?

A. He prefers thick and difficult books to short stories.

B. A good book is better worth reading than a bad one to him.

C. He achieves a lot from reading some challenging books.

D. He is lucky enough never to have read a regrettable book.

31. In the third paragraph the writer ___________ his main point of view (主要观点).

A. explains the meaning of B. provides further support for

C. makes a conclusion of D. offers an opposite example for

, D

When Major, the most respected pig, saw all the animals were present, he cleared his throat and began:

"Now, comrades (同志们) , I don't think I shall be with you for many months. Before I die, let me ask you a question. What is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are able to do it are forced to work to the last

"Why then do we continue in this miserable? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our hard work is stolen from beings. There, comrades, is the answer to all our problems. It is summed up in a single word- Man. Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove (消灭) Man from the scene, and the basic cause of hunger and overwork is ended for ever. "

"And now, comrades, I will sing an old song that came into my dream last night to you. I am sure, it was a song sung by the animals of long ago and have been lost to memory for marry years. It is called Animals of England."

His voice was hoarse (沙哑的), but he sang well enough to throw the animals into the wildest excitement. Almost before Major had reached the end, they had begun singing it for themselves.

Unluckily, the singing woke Mr. Jones, the farm owner, who jumped out of bed, thinking that there was a fox in the yard. He took the gun which always stood in a comer of his bedroom, and let fly 6 shots (射击) into the darkness. The pellets (子弹) flew into the wall of the yard and the meeting broke up hurriedly. Everyone ran to his own sleeping place. The birds jumped onto their trees, the animals settled down in the straw, and the whole farm was asleep in a moment.

32. Why did Major make the speech?

A. To encourage the animals to fight against Man.

B. To teach the animals to sing an old song.

C. To say goodbye to the animals before death.

D. To complain about his personal miserable life.

33. What does the underlined word "miserable" in the second paragraph most probably mean?

A. common B. boring C. lonely D. painful

34. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. The animals on the farm were brave.

B. Major's speech was nearly successful.

C. Major and Mr. Jones were friendly to each other.

D. Mr. Jones forced his animals to work from birth to death.

35. Why did Mr. Jones fire his gun?

A. To break up the animals' meeting. `

B. To kill the fox he saw in the yard.

C. To make sure his gun was in good condition.

D. To protect the animals he raised on his farm.

三、阅读理解 

23-25 ADD 26-28 ACA 29-31 DCB 32-35 ADBD

2018

三、阅读理解（共4小题；每小题6分，满分26分）阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．

12．Summer is finally here for most of us． Sadly， summer is not so pleasant to people in a bit less lucky places， where air conditioning（空调） is not easy to get for most of them．

But as a saying goes， where there is a will， there is a way， especially for those who like doing it

yourself（DIY）． A young man from Bangladesh（孟加拉国） designed an air conditioning system called the Eco Cooler， one that does not require power， and is made of the world's most common waste-plastic bottles．

The Eco Cooler is super simple to build-no special engineering skills are required． First， to fix it，

a window should be taken away and replaced（替代） by it． Second， a board should be cut into the size of a window． Some bottle-neck sized holes should then be cut onto the board． Then， the funnel-shaped（漏斗状） bottlenecks， cut from the plastic bottles， should be put into the holes．The next step is to fix the design onto the window frame（框） with the wider side facing outwards． And this is it．

The Eco Cooler then works by catching the winds and sending them inside the building． It can reduce the temperature of a room by as much as 5°C-a big difference when looking at comfortable 25°C compared to uncomfortable 30°C．

The idea of the inventor， Ashis Paul， was to show his great product to as many People as possible． For this purpose， he received help from some groups of volunteers． Together， they offered to help local people build and fix the units，as well as teach them how to make them themselves．

Yes， the Eco Cooler is not a super high-tech air conditioning system， but it is one that can make a

big difference．

（ ）When building the Eco Cooler， we should pay special attention to ．

A． the shape of the window

B． the direction of bottlenecks

C． the temperature of the outside

D． the weight of the board

（ ）What can we learn from the passage？

A． Ashis Paul is a clever inventor and a successful businessman．

B． An Eco Cooler can fix the room temperature to comfortable 25°C．

C． The new invention of Eco Cooler is friendly to the environment．

D． Local people will replace their air conditioner with an Eco Cooler．

（ ）What's the best title of this passage？

A． DIY air conditioning made from plastic bottles

B． Eco Cooler--a super high-tech air conditioner

C． Why do we need an Eco Cooler in summer？

D． A strong-willed inventor and his DIY dream

【分析】这是一篇新闻报道类阅读，主要介绍一个来自孟加拉的年轻人设计了一个叫做"生态冷却器"的空调系统，它不需要电源，是世界上最常见的废塑料瓶制造的．它可以将房间的温度降低5°C，希望能够向更多的人展示他的伟大产品．

【解答】1．B．细节理解题．根据倒数第四段Then， the funnel-shaped（漏斗状） bottlenecks， cut from the plastic bottles， should be put into the holes．The next step is to fix the design onto the window frame  with the wider side facing outwards然后，从塑料瓶上切下漏斗形的瓶颈，应该放入孔中．下一步是把设计固定在窗框上，宽面朝外．可知，安装生态冷却器时，我们应该注意瓶颈的方向．选B．

2．C．推理判断题．根据第二段A young man from Bangladesh（孟加拉国） designed an air conditioning system called the Eco Cooler， one that does not require power， and is made of the world's most common waste-plastic bottles一位来自孟加拉的年轻人设计的空调系统称为生态冷却器，一个不需要电源，是由世界上最常见的废塑料瓶制成的．可知，生态冷却器的新发明对环境有帮助．选C．

3．D．标题猜测题．根据第二段But as a saying goes， where there is a will， there is a way， especially for those who like doing it yourself（DIY）． A young man from Bangladesh（孟加拉国） designed an air conditioning system called the Eco Cooler， one that does not require power， and is made of the world's most common waste-plastic bottles．但有句话说，有志者事竟成，尤其是那些喜欢自己动手的人（DIY）．一位来自孟加拉的年轻人设计了一种称为"生态冷却器"的空调系统，它不需要电力，是世界上最常见的废塑料瓶制成的．倒数第二段The idea of the inventor， Ashis Paul， was to show his great product to as many People as possible． For this purpose， he received help from some groups of volunteers． Together， they offered to help local people build and fix the units，as well as teach them how to make them themselves发明家Ashis Paul的想法是向尽可能多的人展示他的伟大产品．为此，他得到了一些志愿者的帮助．他们一起帮助当地人建造和固定这些装置，并教他们如何自己制造它们．可知，标题可以是"一个意志坚定的发明家和他的DIY梦"．选D．

【点评】阅读题型，要注重句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间逻辑关系以及对篇章的整体理解．根据所给问题选择正确选项完成试题．

13．How to investigate

①Planning

•Decide on a scientific problem to investigate

For example， a student named Mary has decided to research into how quickly sugar dissolves（溶解） in water．

•Write down your hypothesis

You may already have an idea of what you expect to happen in your investigation． This idea is called your hypothesis． It may not be right! It is just an idea， though it may be based on work in science which you have done before． The aim of your investigation is to test your idea．

•Decide what variables（变量） you are dealing with

Things like temperature， size， weight， and colour are called variables． Variables are things you can

measure（测量）．

In your investigation， you have to decide what the variables are， which ones you will keep fixed， and which you will change．

You need to change just one variable at a time． If lots of variables change at once． it won't be a good test．

•Decide what equipment you need， and in what order you will do things

•Prepare tables for your results

②Getting your evidence（数据）

•Make your measurements， and record your results

③Reaching conclusions

•Look for patterns in your results

•Present your conclusions

What links（关联） did you find between any of the variables？ How would you explain these links？

④Checking your findings

•Compare your conclusions and hypothesis

Do your results support your idea？

（ ）What does the underlined word "hypothesis" most probably mean？

A． reason

B． result

C． method

D． guess

（ ）In Mary's investigation， which of the following about the variables is true？

A． She can only change one variable at a time．

B． Some of the variables can't be measured．

C． Her weight and age can be the variables．

D． The temperature of water cannot be a variable．

（ ）What is the passage mainly about？

A． How to do a scientific research．

B． How to explain a scientific finding．

C． How to deal with a chemistry problem．

D． How to understand some chemistry knowledge．

【分析】这是一篇文化知识类阅读，主要介绍如何做调查研究．作者列举了4个步骤．包括：规划、得到数据、得出结论和检查你的发现．

【解答】1．D．词意猜测题． This idea is called your hypothesis这个想法叫做你的___．根据下一句It may not be right! It is just an idea它可能不对！它只是一个想法．可知，应该是"假设"．选D．

2．A．推理判断题．根据第①点里倒数第三行You need to change just one variable at a time你需要一次只改变一个变量．可知，A选项"她每次只能改变一个变量"正确．选A．

3．A．主旨大意题．根据标题How to investigate如何调查研究．可知，短文主要介绍如何进行科学调查．选A．

【点评】先浏览所给的问题以及选择项，然后带着问题在通读原文的基础上快速地找到答案，然后再回过头来检查一遍，确保万无一失．

14．We wake up very early to go to school， maybe even earlier to meet with a teacher， complete our extracurricular（课程以外的） activities， come home to have a quick dinner， talk for eight minutes with our parents and do homework until we fall asleep． But then we remember． We have to look at the American College Test（ACT） exercises one more time． Half asleep， we run downstairs to get the ACT book， and start studying． After this we finally get to turn off the lights and drift away to sleep． And then six hours later， we do it all over again．

In my health class， my teacher told us that teenagers need at least eight to nine hours of sleep each night． The sad truth is， with so much to do every day， high school students cannot keep to this sleep schedule（安排）．

Let me ask you all a question： Doesn't it seem more humane（人道的） to give a teenager perhaps two hours of homework each night？ This would allow us to have the eight to nine hours of much needed sleep． Or does it seem better to pile students with five hours of work a night？ It leaves us very little time to relax， therefore reducing the time that we can sleep．

In my opinion． the present structure（结构） of the junior year of high school doesn't work well． Junior year of high school is a time for growth． By this time many students have the ability to think creatively， and solve challenging problems． Homework is important for a student's growth． But do we really need to spend countless hours a night doing it？ Too much homework can only lead to too little sleep and too low an ability． I do think it is time to change the structure， so that we sleep at home， and learn at school．

（ ）In the first paragraph the writer gives ．

A． a picture of the present daily life of high school students

B． an example of an ideal daily life of high school students

C． a reason for high school students to live a busy daily school life

D． a suggestion of what high school students should do to pass ACT

（ ）From the last paragraph we know that the writer thinks ．

A． Junior year of high school is the most important growth period

B． challenging problems are needed for a teenager's growth

C． the ability to think has nothing to do with homework

D． the present structure leads to students often sleeping in class

（ ）Why does the writer write this article？

A． To prove the role of enough sleep in teenagers' growth．

B． To complain about the problems in the system of the ACT．

C． To ask for a change for less homework and more sleep．

D． To discuss the relationship between sleep and homework．

【分析】这是一篇教育文化类阅读，主要介绍学生每天应该有八到九个小时的睡眠时间，但是高中生每天的时间被安排得很紧凑，这让他们的睡眠时间减少了2小时左右，作者认为太多的作业只能导致太少的睡眠和太低的能力．应该做出一些改变了．

【解答】1．A．细节理解题，结合We wake up very early to go to school， maybe even earlier to meet with a teacher， complete our extracurricular（课程以外的） activities， come home to have a quick dinner， talk for eight minutes with our parents and do homework until we fall asleep． But then we remember． We have to look at the American College Test（ACT） exercises one more time． Half asleep， we run downstairs to get the ACT book， and start studying． After this we finally get to turn off the lights and drift away to sleep． And then six hours later， we do it all over again．我们很早就起床去上学，也许更早去见老师，完成课外活动，回家吃顿快餐，和父母交谈八分钟，做家庭作业直到我们睡觉．但后来我们想起．我们必须再看一遍美国大学的考试练习．我们半睡半醒，跑下楼去拿书，然后开始学习．之后我们终于把灯关了，然后就睡着了．六个小时后，我们又重新开始了．这是在描述现在的高中生的一天．故选A．

2．D．细节理解题．结合 I do think it is time to change the structure， so that we sleep at home， and learn at school．我确实认为是时候改变结构了，这样我们就可以在家睡觉，在学校学习了．也就是现在的结构状况导致学生缺觉，在学校犯困，故选D．

3．C．推理判断题．结合 I do think it is time to change the structure， so that we sleep at home， and learn at school我确实认为是时候改变结构了，这样我们就可以在家睡觉，在学校学习了．本文作者是希望能改变现在的状况，多睡眠少作业．故选C．

【点评】本题首先要通读全文，了解大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意和词的搭配，并注意上下连贯，合乎逻辑，最后通读全文，细心检查．

15．After a while attention to Tom ended， and the usual school murmur（嗡嗡读书声）rose upon the boring air once more． Now the boy began to steal secret glances（偷看） at the girl． She noticed it， made a face at him and gave him the back of her head for the space of a minute． When she slowly faced around again， an apple lay before her． She pushed it away． Tom gently put it back． She pushed it away again， but with less animosity（敌意）． Tom patiently returned it to its place． Then she let it remain． Tom wrote on his paper， "Please take it-I got more．" The girl glanced at the words， but made no sign．

Now the boy began to draw something on the paper， hiding his work with his left hand． For a time the girl refused to notice； but her human curiosity（好奇心） soon began to show itself by hardly noticeable（明显的） signs． The boy worked on， seemingly not aware． The girl made some non-committal（含糊的） efforts to see， but the boy did not display that he was aware of it． At last she couldn't bear it and whispered：

"Let me see it．"

Tom partly uncovered the picture of a house with some smoke rising from the chimney（烟囱）． Then the girl's interest began to fasten itself upon the work and she forgot everything else． When it was finished， she gazed a moment， then whispered：

"It's nice-draw a man．"

The artist created a man in the front yard； she was satisfied， and whispered：

"It's a beautiful man--now draw me in it．"

Tom drew an hour-glass（沙漏） as the body， a full moon as her head and some arms added to it． The girl said：

"It's ever so nice-I wish I could draw． No one has ever taught me that．"

"It's easy，" whispered Tom， "I'll learn you．"

"Oh， will you？ When？"

"At noon． Do you go home to dinner？"

"I'll stay if you will．"

"Good-that's a deal． What's your name？"

（ ）What probably happened in the classroom before this passage？

A． The girl introduced herself to the boy．

B． Something noticeable happened to the boy．

C． They had a lesson on how to draw．

D． The boy drew an apple for the girl．

（ ）What most probably happened to the apple finally？

A． Eaten by the boy because the girl didn't accept it．

B． Eaten by the boy because it was the last one he had got．

C． Eaten by the girl because they finally became friends．

D． Eaten by the girl because the boy was drawing all the time．

（ ）What can we learn from the 2nd paragraph？

A． The boy didn't want the girl to show interest in his drawing．

B． The girl didn't want to show interest in the boy's drawing noticeably．

C． The boy didn't notice the girl trying several times to see his drawing．

D． The girl didn't want the boy to do the drawing in class any more．

（ ）What in this passage made Tom succeed in making friends with the girl？

A． Using her curiosity．

B． Showing off his drawing ability．

C． Teaching her how to draw．

D． Inviting her to dinner．

【分析】这是一篇人物故事类阅读，主要介绍调皮的小男孩Tom经过不断努力成功地和同桌的女孩成为朋友的故事．

【解答】1．B．推理判断题．根据第一段After a while attention to Tom ended过来一会儿，人们对于汤姆的关注结束了．可知，在此之前，一定有什么引人关注的事情发生在汤姆身上．选B．

2．C．推理判断题．根据第二段but her human curiosity（好奇心） soon began to show但是她的人类好奇心很快就开始显现了．倒数第六、五、四行No one has ever taught me that．"   "It's easy，" whispered Tom， "I'll learn you．"   "Oh， will you？ When？""从来没有人教过我．""这很容易，"汤姆低声说，"我来教你．""哦，你会吗？什么时候？"．可知，经过汤姆的努力，他和女孩终于成为了朋友，因此后来，苹果应该是被女孩吃了．选C．

3．B．段意猜测题．根据第二段 but her human curiosity（好奇心） soon began to show itself by hardly noticeable（明显的） signs．她的人类好奇心很快就开始显现出来，但是几乎没有明显的迹象．可知，女孩不想对男孩画的画感兴趣．选B．

4．A．细节理解题．根据第二段but her human curiosity（好奇心） soon began to show itself by hardly noticeable（明显的） signs她的人类好奇心很快就开始显现出来，但是几乎没有明显的迹象．及倒数第六行It's ever so nice-I wish I could draw． No one has ever taught me that真是太好了，我希望我能画画．没人教过我．可知，汤姆成功地和那个女孩交上了朋友是利用她的好奇心．选A．

【点评】阅读题型，段落与段落之间逻辑关系以及对篇章的整体理解．看不懂的词跳过，根据上下文猜意思，掌握一些常识．根据问题，找到关键语句，还要运用合理的推理．选择正确答案．

2017

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