初中英语知识点:句子的分类 句子的分类(一)教学重点 简单句及简单句的五种基本句型1、SVC结构(主语+系动词+表语) 在这种句型中,动词必须是系动词,在动词之后跟有表语。表语可以是名词(词组),形容词(词组),副词(词组)等。如: The teacher is kind. She looks fine.My son became a doctor at last. 系动词除be外,常见的还有keep, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, grow, get, go, turn 2、SV结构(主语+不及物动词) (1 在这个结构中,动词是不及物动词,动词后边没有宾语,如: My head aches. He is singing. (2 有些动词后边必须带有状语,否则意思就不明确。如:The professor lives in Beijing.We stayed in China for a few days. 常见的不及物动词有:sleep, walk, swim, happen, take place, go, come, work, laugh, stay. 3、SVO结构(主语+及物动词+宾语) 在这个结构中,谓语动词必须是及物动词,在动词后边跟有
宾语。 He can drive a car. They speak English. 有些不及物动词后面加上介词或副词可以把它看成一个及物动词,这时后边可接宾语。 Please listen to me carefully. 4、SVOO结构(主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)(1 双宾语结构在这个结构中,动词是带有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的及物动词。直接宾语多指物,间接宾语多指人。常用的带有双宾语的动词有:give, send, tell, bring, lend, buy, teach, get, call, do, ask, wish, offer等。 He gave the inspector his passport.My father taught us English.(2 宾语的位置 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前,但是,如果为了强调间接宾语或者由于间接宾语较长,常把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,这时要在间接宾语的前面加上适当的介词。如: The old man bought his daughter a nice scarf.The old man bought a nice scarf for his daughter.Give the teacher this book.=Give this book to the teacher.5、SVOC结构(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)在这种结构中,宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的。(1 在某些及物动词后,需要一个宾语再加上一个宾语补足
语才能表达完整的意思,这样的宾语和宾补称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式、分词、副词都可以作宾补。 (2 常跟复合宾语的动词有:call, name, make, think, find, leave, keep等。如: His mother finds him a clever boy.Please keep the room clean. (3 在see, watch, look at, listen to, hear, feel, let, make(使), have(使)等这些词后的宾补,如果是不定式担当的,则省去“to”,但变为被动语态时“to”要还原。如: I heard a man knock at the door three times.A man was heard to knock at the door three times.第三十课时句子的分类(二)教学重点 并列句there be结构复合句 1、并列句:由连词连接两个分句组成的句子叫并列句。这些分句平等并列,而且同等重要,能够独立成句。连接分句的有并列连词和主丛连词。 并列连词有:and, but, or, nor, for, while, either…or…, neither…now, not only…but also… 主从连词有:so, however, still, yet, then 并列句中的前后两句可以根据意思划分为四种关系。