英语冠词的基本用法

发布时间:2018-06-30 04:59:35   来源:文档文库   
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英语冠词的用法及练习

一,概述

冠词是一种虚词,一种辅助性的词,不可在句中独立担当一个成分,要放在名词前,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词有不定冠词(a, an)和定冠词(the)两种。

二、不定冠词

不定冠词一般用来修饰单数可数名词,但有时也可修饰不可数名词。不定冠词aana用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前,而an则用在发音以元音开头的名词之前。如:a studentan orange。不定冠词指表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,第一次提到某人或某物时,表示人或事物的某一种类,表示每一

(一)、类别用法

1.除表示某一类人或事物外,用在作补足语和同位语的名词之前,泛指某人的职业、阶级等。例如:

Mr Zhang is considered(to be)an excellent English teacher.

Wang Ling,a maths teacher,is to give us a lecture tomorrow.

但如果这一职位在一个时期内只由一个担任或表示称号、头衔时,则不用冠词。例如:

In 1860,Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States.

2.在名词带有一个描绘性定语时用不定冠词。例如:

Im going to borrow a French novel to read.(描绘性不定式)

A certain boy saw a big dog run out of the gate last Sunday.(描绘性形容词。常在讲故事时用, 表明讲故事的人心中的具体人,但尚未告诉人们是谁)

(二)、指量用法

1.不定冠词除表示“一个”(Ill be back in a day or two.)及“每一”(Take the medicine th ree times a day)的意义之外,在“ofa+名词”的结构中,表示“同一”、“相同”之意。例如:

Comrade Li and I are nearly of an age.老李跟我年龄大致相同。

My elder brothers shoes and mine are of a size.我哥哥的鞋跟我的一样大小(一个号)。

2.aOne同源。但强调数目概念时用“One”,并要重读。例如:

Theres only one way to go.

No one boy can carry it.

试比较:

I have a picture book.(并非强调一本)

I have one picture book.(只有一本,没有两本、三本)。

(三)、用在不可数名词前,表示有一种特殊含义

1.用在一些表示动作的名词(reat,walk,look,try,sleep,breath…)之前表示“一次”、“一下”、“ 一会儿”等。例如:

Lets have a rest.

He made a second try.

After looking round,he decided to have a look upstairs.

2.表示“一种”、“一类”。例如:

You dont understand,said Joe,a cruel light shining in hiseyes.“你不懂,”乔说,眼睛里 闪着(一种)凶狠的光。

As a child,he had to make a living.

3.表示风、雨等的“一阵”。例如:

An hour later,he was woken up by a violent knocking on his door.

Thats why we are most likely to see worms after a heavy rain.

4.表示“某种程度”。例如:

China has a population of over one billion.

A Frenchman had caught a very bad cold.

He seemed to be in a fever.

5.表示饮料的“一份”、“一种”。例如:

Mao-tai is a famous Chinese wine.

I want a black coffee.

6. Aan)相当于the same,表示“同一”的意思:They are of an age.

7.两个并列名词前的不定冠词:当and所连接的两个名词或名词短语表示一个人的两种身份,而实际上指的是一个人时,只在第一个名词之前使用不定冠词,第二个名词之前不加不定冠词;and所连接的两个名词或名词短语表示两个人或两件事时,则在两个名词前面都必须加不定冠词。

8.不定冠词可用于表示价格、速度、比率等名词之前,有“每一“之义,相当于eachonce a week(每周一次)

9.不定冠词用来表示“某个”,用在人名及头衔前,表示说话者对此人不认识

10.不定冠词用于某些习语中:a bit of

(四)、其他用法

1.常用在quite,few,rather,many,half,such,what等词之后。可以采用如下的语序:quite/rather+a/an+形容词+名词(非强制性),也可以采用下列语序:a +quite/rather+形容词+名词。

例如: He is rather a fool.

What a wonderful film you have seen.

He has been to Lanzhow many a time.(=many times)

又如:half an hour,quite a big

2.soas,too,how)+形容词+a/an+名词(强制性语序)。

例如: She is as clever a girl as you wish to meet.

Its too difficult a lesson for us to understand.

We have not had so cold a day as this for many weeks.

How fine a day it is

3.名词短语中含有such/what时,不定冠词也不能放在最前端,而要放在such/what之后(强制性):such/what+a/an+形容词+名词。

4.在many a man结构中,不定冠词也取特殊的位置。

(五)、在一些固定词组中要用a / an.

have a rest, have a break, take a walk, have a look, in a moment, in a minute, once upon a time, twice a month, four times an hour a little a few a lot a type of a pile a great many many a as a rule in a hurry in a word in a short while after a while have a cold have a try

三、定冠词的用法

定冠词the与指示代词thisthat同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

1)特指双方都明白的人或物:

Take the medicine.把药吃了。

2)上文提到过的人或事:

He bought a house.Ive been to the house.

他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。

3)指世上独一物二的事物:

the sunthe skythe moonthe earth

4)单数名词连用表示一类事物:

如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人;the living 生者。

5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词onlyverysame等前面:

Where do you liveI live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。

Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。

6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:

They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)

They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)

7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:

She caught me by the arm…… 她抓住了我的手臂。

8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:

the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国

9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:

She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。

10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:

the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)

11)在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前,如the Yello River ,

(12)某些建筑物名词前,如the Summer Palace.
(13)在报纸、杂志、旅馆、经典等名词前,如the Peoples Daily.
14)用在惯用语中:

in the dayin the morning afternoonevening),the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterdaythe next morningin the sky waterfieldcountry, in the darkin the rainin the distancein the middle of),in the end on the wholeby the waygo to the theatre

四、零冠词的用法

1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:EnglandMary

2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;

They are teachers. 他们是教师。

3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;

Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。

4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;

Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。

5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;

We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。

6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;

The guards took the American to General Lee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。

7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词;

have breakfastplay chess

8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;

I cant write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。

9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by busby train

10)有些个体名词不用冠词;

schoolcollegeprisonmarkethospitalbedtableclasstownchurchcourt 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;go to hospital 去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)

11)不用冠词的序数词;

a. 序数词前有物主代词

b. 序数词作副词:He came first in the race.

c. 在固定词组中:at thefirstfirst of all

六、专项练习

1. Is Sydney ______ capital of Australia? A. the B. / C. a D. an

2. Best wishes to you for ______ Mother's Day.

A. the B. / C. a D. an

3. _____ plane goes fast than ______ train. A. /; / B. A; a C. The; the D. The; a

4. He teaches math in ______ university. He is ______ unusual professor.

A. an; an B. a; a C. a; an D. an; a

5. My mother is fond of playing _____ violin while my father likes listening to _____ classical music.

A. the; the B. a; the C. the; / D. /; the

6. It was my ______ first time to visit ______ Great Wall.

A. the; the B. the; / C. /; / D. /; the

7. ——China has _______ population of 1.3 billion.

——Oh, it is really _______ large number.

A. a; a B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the

8. _____ girl with ______ apple will try _____ second time to finish the game.

A. A; an; a B. A; /; the C. The; an; the D. The; an; a

9. Running is ______ good exercise because it helps build ______ strong hearts and lungs.

A. a; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the

10. He is always living ______ simple life, although he has plenty of ______ money.

A. /; / B. a; the C. a; / D. the; /

参考答案
1. A. 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A. 6. D. 7. A. 8. D 9. B 10.C.

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