高中英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法

高中英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法

面对高考，大多数学生对于阅读理解 感到束手无策甚至厌做 。现就不同的体裁文章谈谈个人的看法。

一、说明文

说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展中出现的新生事物等等。

说明事物可采用多种方式，如举例、分类法或类比、对比法，给事物下定义或分析事物产生的原因以及后果。举例说明使用例子说明事物，阐明观点；分解展开法着重于事物的区别、差异、分类展开法厠强调事物的相娰之处；类比说明事物如何相似，对比说明事物如何不同；因果说明文表明事物发生的原因及结果。

除了用文字说明以外，说明文中常常使用数据，图片等等资料。无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征、清晰地展现所说明的事物。

因此，阅读说明文的关键是：抓住事物特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。

例 ：the odlest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. they have stood for nearly 5,000 years. there are over eighty of them standing along the banks of the nile, the most famous of these are the “step” pyramid and the “bent”pyramid.

1.what can we conclude from the first paragraph ?

a. the pyramids are oldest buildings in the world.

b. the pyramids will stand in egypt for ever.

c. not all pyramids in egypt are ture.

d. “step” and “bent” are ture pyramids.

解析：推理判断题。根据本段倒数第2句可知有一些金字塔是假的，因此选c

二、议论文

议论文是说理性的文章，一般议论文也就是说理性的文章，一般由论点，论据和论证三部分组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点，提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。阅读时我们要抓住论题，抓住观点，例证及最后的结论。抓住了论题和观点，我们就把握了中心，再结合诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点、结论之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。因此，阅读议论文的关键是：抓论题，抓观点。

例：it also added new factors to an debate. the debate now seems to focus less on whether humans are warming the planet ,but instead on what to do about it .in recent months,a lot of business groups have worked together to make urgent calls for national rules of greenhouse gases…

3. what can we learn form the passage ?

a. people now focus more on the measures on dealing with climate change.

b. people now focus more on the causes of global climate change.

c. business groups have made some rules about greenhouse gases.

d. the supreme court didn’t pay attention to global warming.

解析：推理判断题。据本段可知人们现在更关注如何去应对气候变暖，而不是争论人类活动是否在使气候变暖，故选a

三、应用文

应用文不同于一般文章，它措辞简洁明了，直截了当。它是一中使用范围比较广泛的文体，目的是为了向读者传输信息。在阅读这类文章时主要是注意细节信息，做题时根据所提问题用寻读，跳读的方法更有效。根据应用文的措辞和内容特点，总结出该类题目的做题关键是：抓信息。

例：are you looking for a part time job ?we require 3 part time shop assistants to work during the evening .no experience is required .applicants should be between 18 and 26 .call 366-76564 for more information.

1. suppose you are a first-year stusdent who wants to earn some money to pay your university expenses ,you may .

a. call345-674132

b. call 366-76564

c. contact united business ltd

d. contact cumberland university

解析：细节理解题。快速寻找有关信息可知：第2则广告中的“we require 3 part time shop assistant to work during the evening. no experience is required ；applicants should be between 18 and 26.” 可确定答案为b

四、记叙文

记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来的事情的经过，包括人物的故事情节。文章内容涉及交代何人、何时、何地、为什么、怎么样、干了何事等等。这是我们在阅读记叙文时要首先了解的，接着按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，就能理解整个故事。值得注意的是：记叙文的叙事顺序有顺序和倒叙两种，有时作者为了吸引读者会采用倒叙的方法，即不按照事情发生的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要，最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追述故事的开端和经过。阅读时要学会从事情不是本身的发展去理解故事情节，而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。

另外，讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等等。我们在阅读时要通过作者对重要细节的描写，联系故事情节去领会作者的意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节描写要重点关注。

总之，读记叙文的关键是抓情节。抓住了故事的情节，就能理清文章的脉络，其它的就迎刃而解了。

例　it was very tedious work ,but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.becausethe plantation owners were always watching us, i had to be on time every day and work as hard as i could.i’ve never been late for any job since .i also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for . more important,i earned my pay ; it never entered my mind to say i was sick just because i didn’t want to work

3. the writer learned that form his first job.

a. he should work for those who he liked most

b. he should work longer than what he was expected

c. he should never fail to say hello to his owner

d. he should be respectful and faithful to the people he worked for

解析：细节理解题。根据文章第2段第4 句“ i also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for .” 可知d正确

由以上例子可知，阅读理解题并非很难，只要我们掌握了做题技巧和方法，就可以在各类考试中取得良好成绩。

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