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英译中翻译套路

发布时间：2019-12-29   来源：文档文库   
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英译中翻译套路
此部分内容和“阅读理解，七选五，完形填空”关联性巨大，读不懂，做题就是玄学。
谓语动词=助动词（情态动词）+ 实义动词 1. 时态的翻译

一般 进行 完成
现在
过去
将来
现在经常做 过去经常做 将来经常做 现在正在做 过去正在做 将来正在做 现在做完了 过去做完了 将来做完了
完成进行 现在做完了过去做完了将来做完了还做/一直做 还做/一直做 还做/一直做

注意事项：
时间：默认指的是“现在，过去，将来“，若有具体时间，则相应进行调整。
状态：共四种状态即“一般，进行，完成，完成进行“没有变化，对应相应的汉语意思直接翻译。 一般：经常做 进行：正在做 完成：已经做完了

完成进行：做完了还做/一直做 例句翻译：
1 Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. 2 Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in Italy.
2. 被动语态的翻译
形式：be + done一般通过by + n.引出动作的施加者。 A be + done by B译为A被B做了相应的事情。

注意事项：
be + done对应的汉语意思，常见的有“被，受，给”等词，根据具体情况进行调整。 例句翻译：
1 Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills. 2 Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.
名词性从句
根据主从复合句结构表先行判断结构，确定是名词性从句。 先译除引导词外的从句内容再加上引导词的意思。 When:…的那个时间

Where：…的那个地方 Why:…的那个原因 How:…的那个方式 Who: …的那个人 Whom: …的那个人
Which: …的那个/的其中一个 What:…的那个东西 注意事项：
名从中，引导词that不翻译；whether/if译为“是否”且一般不调整语序；以ever结尾的引导词，我们加上“无论”二字。 例句翻译：
1 Whatever he did made her happy. 2 I will go to the shop and see whether they have a telephone. 3 We remember the fact that Superman usually wears his underwear outside. 4 That is why I love you.
定语从句
根据主从复合句结构表先行判断结构，确定是定语从句。
再根据有无逗号，把定从分成两种情况，无逗号的是限制性定语从句，有逗号的是非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句：先译除引导词外的从句内容，然后把这些内容加上
“的“之后提至所修饰的先行词前。
非限制性定语从句：先译主句，再译从句，从句中的引导词，我们一般译为“ta/ta们；ta/ta们的；在这个时间/地点/原因/方式中” 注意事项：
定从中多会出现从句引导词省略情况，所以一定要分清谓语，能够正确判断从句引导词省略情况。 从句中常见省略情况： a 宾从常省略that b 限制性定从中，经常省略关系副词和关系代词在从句中做宾语的情况。 例句翻译：
1
He is the man you talked about. 2 The park where many people dance is over there. 3 The man, whose wife is pretty, is an engineer. 4 I did it the way I had done it before.
状语从句
根据主从复合句结构表先行判断结构，确定是状语从句。
状语从句的结构跟中文相似，只是在翻译时，按照中文习惯，一般先译从句，再译主句。 注意事项：
状从的难点在于我们要正确识别引导词的意思，有些需要根据主从句
的意思进行推导。 例句翻译：
1 When I lived there, I used to go to the seaside. 2
You can call me if it rains. 3
It must have rained last night for the ground is wet. 4 However late he is, his family will wait for him to have dinner together.
非谓语动词
非谓语动词常见形式：to do/doing/done注意区分谓语动词的形式。 非谓语动词分为主宾表位置和定状位。 主宾表位置直接把非谓语动词当作整体来翻译。
定状位置：定语我们提到所修饰的词前面，状语我们根据具体情况进行调整，要么前置要么后置。 注意事项：
to do/doing/done要翻译出相应的字面意思，to do是“为了“；doing是”（主动）做“；done是”被动做“
非谓语动词动作是谁做的，我们就在非谓语动词前加上相应名词;若非谓语动词前没有名词，动作就是主语做的。 例句翻译：
1 Seen by the visitors from the top of the mountain, the city is splendid. 2
The plane carrying a lot of tourists fell down last year.
3 To face the miserable life needs courage. 4 I like repairing computers.
介词短语 形式：介词+名词
介词短语分为表语位置和定状位置。
表语位置一般直接翻译；定状位置一般需要调整语序，尤其是定语。 注意事项：
介词短语有时因为名词短语的复杂性，会特别长，一定不要被迷惑。比如: of large buses and big subways 例句翻译：
1 Morning or afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. 2 Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.

并列结构
1. 并列句=简单句+并列连词+简单句（有两套独立谓语）
2. 并列相似成分=结构1+并列连词+结构2（常见结构可以是介词短语/从句/名词短语/形容词/副词/非谓语动词等） 注意事项：

解题时，应该先分析并列结构是哪种情况，谨记“结构相同，内容相似”这八字真言。 例句翻译：
1 The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. 2 We both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 3 The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers. 特殊句型 1. 强调句
It was/is+被强调部分+that/who+除强调部分外句子剩余部分 译为：正是。。。 2. 感叹句
How/What译为“多么” 3. 倒装句
分清倒装句，然后把倒装句调整为正装语序来翻译。 注意事项：
此部分的翻译，一定要先分清是否是特殊句型。英语中的简单句又称不特殊句型中英文是一样的。 例题翻译：
1 It is Tom that is a pain in the ass. 2
What a nice car it is!
3 As hard he studies, he doesn’t make it. 4 Here comes the Rockstar.
配套练习
For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles. Dr Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue, the elevator's role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk, the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地, and elevators pushing them towards life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的 columns. If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators, it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief, boring, and even awkward experience—one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common, and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we're hanging from a cable in a long passage. In a new book, Lifted, German journalist and cultural studies
professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience. “After 150 years, we are still not used to it，” Bernard said. “We still have not exactly learnt to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.” That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives. Today, as the world's urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, America's total number of elevators—900，000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazine's “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”—are a force that's becoming more important than ever. And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are.
1. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. The general view of elevators. B. The particular interests of experts. C. The desire for a remarkable machine. D. The enthusiasm for transport vehicles. 2. The author's purpose in mentioning cars is ________．
A. to contrast their functions with elevators'
B. to emphasize the importance of elevators C. to reveal their secret war against elevators D. to explain people's preference for elevators 3. According to Prof Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences? A. Vertical direction. B. Lack of excitement. C. Little physical space. D. Uncomfortable conditions. 4. The author urges readers to consider ________． A. the exact number of elevator lovers B. the serious future situation of elevators C. the role of elevators in city development D. the relationship between cars and elevators 自我总结【用框架的方式把所有翻译套路串一遍】

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