英语中一些比较级的特殊句型
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在英语中,有些比较结构在形式上是比较,实质上并非比较,有自己独立的意思。这些以比较形式出现,具有特殊含义的句型有:
1.more than
more than后接名词,有时作“not only”解,可译为“不仅仅”,“不只”,而无比较含义。例如;
China Daily is more than a newspaper. It helps to improve our English.
《中国日报》不仅仅是一张报纸,它还有助于提高我们的英语水平。
The small town is more than a small town. It’s a place where many people like to stay.
这个小镇不只是一座小镇,它还是许多人愿意停留的地方。
more than后接形容词,不定式或从句等,有“非常”“超过”之意,并非比较。例如:
I’m more than happy to take you there in my car.
我非常愿意用汽车把你送去。
What he has done is more than we can stand.
他做的事使我们无法容忍。
He knows more than to do such a thing.
他决不会做这样的事。
2. more.…than
more…than不能照字面译为“比…多”。而是表示“与其说…不如说…”之含义,例如:
Success in language is more a matter of application than of intelligence.
语言的成功与其说是智力的问题,不如说是应用的问题。
He is more deli gent than clever
他并非聪明,而是勤奋罢了。
3. less…than…
less…than有时不能按字面意思译为“比…少”,此结构有“与其说…不如说”之意。例如:
she was less hurt than frightened.
他到没怎么伤着,只是吓环了。
4.no more…than
no more…than不能照字面硬译为“不比…多”。它的意思是“与…同样不”,想当于“not any more than”。例如:
He is no more a pilot than we are
他和我们一样不是飞行员。
注意:“no more than ”的意思是 “只,仅仅”,相当于“not only”。“not more than”的意思是“最多不过”,相当于“at the most”
5. no less…than
no less… than不能译为“不少于”,可译为“和…一样”,(相当与“as well as”)或“地位相当于,不逊于”。例如:
His mind is no less alert than yours。
他的头脑与你的一样的敏捷。
注意:“no less than”的意思是“多达,不少于”,相当于“as many / much as”。例如:
W won no less than £500 in a competition。
我们在一场竞赛中赢了多达500英镑。
6. little / no better than
该结构的意思是“实际上;简直就是”,相当于“almost the same as”。例如:
He is no better than a common thief。
他简直就是一个小偷。
7. much ( still ) more / much (still ) less
此结构的意思是“更不用说;更何况”。例如:
He’s too shy to ask a stranger the time, much less speak to a room full of people。
他连向陌生人打听时间都不好意思,更不用说向一屋子的人讲话了。
8. none the +比较级
此结构的含义是“毫不,毫无”,相当于“not at all”。例如:
He’s none the worse for falling into the river.
他跌进河里但什么事也没有。
注意:none the less的意思是“尽管如此;依然;然而”。相当于“nevertheless”
This book is not cheap but I think we should buy it none the less.
这本书虽然不便宜,但我觉得我们还是应该买。
9. nothing less than
该结构表示“完全;全部”。例如:
His negligence was nothing less than criminal.
他的粗心大意无异于犯罪。
10.not so much…as
该结构可译为“与其说…不如说”。例如:
I don’t so much like her as love her.
与其说我喜欢她,不如说我爱她。
英语中表示比较的句型相当多,如果句型中插进了一个否定词,其意义和用法就很难掌握,下面介绍几种常见的表达方式:
1.no better than:表示“和……一样;实际等于……”,如:
He is no better than a beggar. 他实际上等于一个乞丐。
The invalid is no better than he was yesterday. 病人的情况和昨天一样。
He has no better a say in the matter than I have. 他和我一样在这件事上没有发言权。
2.not. . . any more than或no more. . . than:表示“同……一样不”,如:
I could no more do that than you. I could not do that any more than you. 你不能做这件事,我也不能做。
He is not a poet any more than I am a scholar. 我不是一个学者,他也不是一个诗人。
This story is no more interesting than that one. 这个故事和那个故事一样没有趣味。
He is no more able to read German than I am. 他和我一样都不懂德语。
3.not so much. . . as:表示“与其……不如……”
He is not so much a writer as a reporter. 他与其说是个作家,不如说是个记者。
Your explanation does not so much enlighten us as confuse us.
你的解释没有起到启发作用,反而把我们弄糊涂了。
Oceans don't so much divide the world as unite it. 与其说海洋分隔了世界,不如说海洋联结了世界。
I don't so much dislike him as hate him. 我与其说不喜欢他,不如说我恨他。
4.nothing like:表示“没有什么能比得上……”
There is nothing like home. 金窝银窝,不如自己的草窝。
There is nothing like walking as a means of keeping fit. 没有比散步来保持健康更好的了。
There is nothing like leather for shoes. 做鞋用皮革再好没有了。
5.nothing like(或near)as(或so)... as:表示“远远不像……那样”
This novel is nothing near so interesting as that one. 这篇小说远远不及那篇小说有趣。
The book is nothing like as difficult as I expected. 这本书远没有我想像的那么难懂。
His analysis of the poem is nothing like as penetrating as yours. 他对这首诗的分析远没有你的分析那样透彻。
6.no less … than:表示“和……一样”
He is no less active than he used to be. 他和从前一样活跃。
His mind is no less alert than yours. 他的思路和你的一样敏捷。
Our soldiers fought with no less daring than skill. 我们的士兵作战的英勇不亚于他们的战斗技能。
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