小学英语语法:名词
一.名词的定义:
1.名词分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点、或机构等的专有名称。
如:GuangZhou,Mike,UNESCO等。
专有名词一般情况下第一个字母要大写,前面不加定冠词the。
普通名词是表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。
如:police,eggs,rice等。
普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
个体名词:表示某一类人或某一类东西中的个体。如:monkey,panda,ruler,boy等。
集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如:family,police,class,people等。
物质名词:表示无法分为个体或不具备确定形状和大小的实物。如:Water,air,milk等。
抽象名词:表示抽象概念词。如:hope,love,spirit。
二.可数名词和不可数名词:
1.定义:一般来说,个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词,
物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。
2.可数名词的数:
可数名词有单数、复数之分,表示“一个”时用单数,a bird,a teacher,an apple,表示“多个”时用复数。 two birds,five teachers,eight apples.
3.可数名词复数的变化规则.
A、一般情况下,在单数名词的后面加-s构成。如:game-games,boy-boys等。
B、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的单数名词变复数,在词尾加-es构成。如:box-boxes,bus-buses,peach-peaches,dish-dishes。
C、以o结尾,表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-es;表示没有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-s。如:potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,photo-photos,piano-pianos等。
D、以辅音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数,将y改成i后再加-es。如:factory-factories,story-stories,family-families。
E、以f或fe结尾的单数名词变复数,将f或fe改成v,然后再加-es。如:leaf-leaves,life-lives,knife-knives等。
F、名词单数变复数,除了有规则可循的变化之外,还有一部分的变化是不规则的,我们将这部分名词的变化叫做不规则变化。这些词有:goose-geese,foot-feet,tooth-teech,man-men,woman-women,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,deer-deer,fish-fish,child-children,ox-oxen
4.不可数名词量的表示
不可数名词没有单数、复数之分,但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词计量,我们于是采用这种方法:
a+表示这些东西的单位+of+不可数名词,
如:a cup of tea,a box of milk,a piece of paper等。
如果为了表示多个的概念,我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。
如:a cup of tea---3 cups of tea,a box of milk---12 boxes of milk,A piece of paper---100 pieces of paper
三.名词所有格
1.表示人或物所属关系时,我们就需要使用名词所有格。
如:“奶奶的房子”表示为“grandma's house”。
2.名词所有格的构成有以下规则:
A、一般情况下,在名词的末尾加“'s”构成。
如:Mike's bike迈克的自行车,Tom's books汤姆的书.
B、以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在其末尾加“’”
如:my parents' car我父母的车,our teachers' books我们老师的书。
C、表示几个人共同拥有的东西时,只在最后一个名字上加所有格。
如:Jenny and Joan's bedroom詹妮和琼共同拥有的卧室;
但如果是分别拥有的东西就要在每个名字上加所有格.
如: Tim's and Jack's toy cars提姆和杰的玩具车。
D、名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时,有的习惯上可以省去不用。
如:The doctor's(office)医生诊所;my uncle's(house)我叔叔的家;The barber's(shop)理发店。
E、没有生命的东西的所有格,我们通常用“of+名词”的方式来表示。
如:The window of the classroom教室的窗户;the capital of China中国的首都;The weather of ShangHai上海的天气.
名词的练习题
一.写出以下单词的复数.
I _________him _________this ___________her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________
water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
二、判断正误。下例表述正确的,在题后横线上打“∨”,错误的改正并说明其错误原因。
1、sheeps_____ 2、buses_____ 3、my classmates's father_____
4、a onion_____ 5、some boys_____ 6、five goose_____
7、two womans_____ 8、the children's toys_________
9、a map of China_____ 10、a paper_____
11、three bottle of water_____ 12、two babys_____ 13、peachs_____
14、potatoes_____ 15、foxs_____ 16、some leafs_____ 17、photoes_____ 18、dogs_____ 19、the classroom's wall_____ 20、mouses_____
二、写出下例名词的复数形式
1、monkey __________ 2、boy _______ 3、duck _____
4、house_________ 5、bus ________ 6、lady_______
7、sheep _________ 8、deer ________ 9、child_____
10、foot _________ 11、tomato_________ 1 2、ox _____
13、desk________ 14、window ________ 15、pencil_______
16、dish _____ 17、film _______ 18、day _____
19、plane _______ 20、month _________ 21、inch ________
22、village ___________ 23、city ________ 24、family_______
25、knife _______ 26、people ___________ 27、man _______
28、thief _______ 29、chinese _______ 30、glass _______
三、根据中文的意思用正确的形式表示所有格。
1、Kate的妈妈 ___________________________________
2、Jack的朋友 ___________________________________
3、美国的首都 ___________________________________
4、孩子们的书包 ___________________________________
5、老师们的书 ___________________________________
6、笔的颜色 ___________________________________
7、我父母的卧室 ___________________________________
8、我的朋友的朋友 ___________________________________
9、Tom和Kate的爸爸 ___________________________________
10、Gogo的姐姐和Jenny的姐姐______________________________
11、一滴水 ___________________________________
12、两杯茶 ___________________________________
13、三瓶啤酒 ___________________________________
14、四双袜子 ___________________________________
15、五块肥皂 ___________________________________
16、六名警察 ___________________________________
17、七朵花 ___________________________________
18、八把椅子 ___________________________________
19、九只青蛙 ___________________________________
20、十双uggs ___________________________________
四、完成下例句子。
1、LanLan and I________(是学生).
2、There are _________(许多尺子)on the dask.
3、There are__________(二十八天)in February this year.
4、Give me _________(两瓶兰墨水),please.
5、There are________(五个动物园)in ShangHai.
6、I have ________(三个新铅笔盒).
7、He has __________(许多老照片).
8、Have you_______(两张绿纸)?
五、把下例各句改成复数形式。
1、This is a zoo.__________________________________________
2、I am a good child.______________________________________
3、It is a greedy wolf._____________________________________
4、He is drawing a mouse.____________________________________
5、There is a baby on the floor.__________________________________
六、用正确的名词形式填空
1、Lily and Lucy are my_______(classmate).
2、There are seven_______(sheep).
3、My uncle has two_______(child).
4、How many _______(subway)are there in ShenZhen?
5、Can you give me two bottles of_____(water).
6、I brush my_______(tooth)three times a day.
7、I have two_____(cup)of coffee for breakfast.
8、The____(leaf)turn green in spring.
9、There are some_____(policeman)in the police station.
10、The green sweater is his_______(brother).
七、选择正确的词填空
1、Those_____(fish\fishes)are very beautiful.
2、Those hamburgers are____(Tom\Tom's).
3、Nina is at_____(grandma's\grandma).She went there yesterday.
4、We have 16 new_____(light\lights).
5、_____(The classroom's door\The classroom)is broken
6、My friend Edward has three_____(child\children).
7、Do you like eating_____(rice\rices)?
8、There are 4_____(tea\cups of tea)on the desk.
9、How many____(wolfs\wolves)are there?
10、I like____(chicken\chickens)better than pork?
八、选择填空
()1、We have some____but we need some____.
A.tomatos; potatos B.tomatoes; potatos.
C.tomatoes; potatoes D.tomatos; potatoes.
()2、The thief has two_____.
A.knife; B.knifes; C.knives; D.knifees;
()3、The lion has big_____.
A.teeth; B.tooth; C.tooths; D.toothes;
()4、-Can I help you? -yes,I'd like some_____.
A.banana; B.pears; C.apple; D.lychee;
()5、Father has_____for breakfast.
A.two piece of bread; B.two pieces of bread;
C.two pieces of breads; D.two piece of breads;
()6、I'm thirsty.I need_____to drink.
A.three bottle of juice; B.three bottle of juices;
C.three bottles of juices; D.three bottles of juice;
()7、There are many_____.
A.banana trees; B.banana tree ;
C.bananas trees; D.bananas tree;
()8、Lily bought_____for Mary's birthday.
A.two pair of ugg boots; B.two pairs of uggs
C.two pair of ugg boots; D.two pairs of ugg boots
()9、-How many_____can you see in the picture? -eight.
A.sheep B.sheeps C.duck D.cow
()10、About ten_____are going to visit the Chinese Art Museum the day after tomorrow.
A.Englishman B.German C. Japanese D.Indian
()11、This room is too small.Ican't find_____for myself.
A.room B.a room C.rooms D.the room
()12、_____love seeing ChengLong's films.
A.Peoples B.people C.People D.person
()13、The room is_____.
A.Lucy and Lily; B.Lucy's and Lily;
C.Lucy's and Lily's; D.Lucy and Lily's;
()14、There were many_____and there weren't___then.
A.factories; subwaies. B.factory; subways.
C.factories; subways. D.factorys; subwaies.
()15、Maths_____my favorite subject.
A.is B.am C.are D.be
()16、Can you give me_____?
A.a paper B.some papers C.some paper D.papers
()17、What's_____name,Peter?
A.he B.the boy C.The boy's
()18、Look at_____photo. Is it nice?
A. Alice B.Alice's C.Alices'
()19、My brother is reading_____.
A.today's paper B.today of paper C.today's papers
()20、There are many pictures on_____.
A.the classroom's walls; B.the walls of the classroom;
C.The walls in the classroom.
()21、That girl is Susan. She is _____.
A.a friend my sister; B.a friend of my sister C.a friend of my sister's
()22、Is that an_____car?
A.Chinese B.Japanese C.English
()23、-Can we put_____here?--Yes,Please.
A.our coats B.our coat C.my coat
()24、She must look after those___.
A.dog B.sheep C.parrot
()25、-What's your name,please?--My name is_____.
A.Wang Ying Hua; B.Wang Yinghua; C.Wangyinghua;
()26、Where are____?
A.the teachers' rooms; B.the teacher's room
C.the room of the teachers;
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