数字信号处理(程佩青)

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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
§1 引言
实践中不少信号是二维的,图象信号是一个典型的例子。早期的图象处理技术采用的是信号处理的方法,其中不少技术至今仍广泛地应用着。但是后来人们发现信号处理所得到的一个好的图片,并不一定能让人看着舒服。这是因为人的视觉对图象的感受和信号处理中所采用的质量指标并不协调。20世纪80年代,图象处理技术从采用信号处理的方法转向了采用人工智能、模式识别的方法,形成了一个新的技术领域——计算机视觉。
然而本章仍只讨论二维信号的信号处理方法。这固然是因为由此而建立起来的许多技术还被广泛地应用着,另外也因为它是计算机视觉的研究基础。二维信号可以通过扫描变成一维信号——电视信号就是一个典型例子——这种信号的处理,本质上仍是一维的,这里不再作讨论。我们只讨论直接对二维信号进行处理的方法,它们是从一维的方法中推广过来的,但并不是所有的一维处理技术都能推广到二维中来。这一点将在以后的讨论中予以说明。本章讨论的内容是把一维信号处理中的时域和频域技术推广到二维中来。本节则先把各种术语和变换推广过来。
无论是二维信号还是二维线性定常的系统,在时域里都表示成为一个二维序列f(n1,n2。因此我们从介绍基本的二维序列开始我们的讨论。
1. 单位样本序列定义为:
1 n1n20 (n1,n2 (7.1 0 其余即仅在(00)点取1值而在其它点均为零的序列。此序列作用到线性定常系统后的输出,即称为该系统的脉冲响应h(n1,n2。这里的定常性是指无论冲激作用到哪一点(比如(m1,m2点)所得到的输出都是同形状的,只不过中心点的位置不同(由(m1,m2给定)罢了,即当输入为(n1m1,n2m2时,输出为:h(n1m1,n2m2的系统称为定常的。(附带说明一句:本教材一直采用“定常”这一术语,读者应明确:对一维连续系统它指的是time invariant(时不变),对一维离散系统它指的是Shift invariant(移不变),对二维系统指的是Space invariant(空间不变)——这因为对图象来说(m1,m2表示了空间点的位置)
2. 单位阶跃序列定义为:
1 n10n20 u(n1,n2 (7.2 0 其余n10n20(n1,n2u(n1,n2=1,其余各点处u(n1,n2=0。显然它和单位样本序列的关系为: u(n1,n2=(n1l1,n2l2 (7.3
l10l20
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
若取变量置换:令m1n1l1,m2n2l2则又可表示为: u(n1,n2=m1m2(m1,m2 (7.4
n1n23. 二维(实)指数序列定义为:
a1n1a2n2 n10n20 f(n1,n2= (7.5
0 其余二维复指数序列定义为:
f(n1,n2=ej(1n12n2 n1,n2 (7.6 一个二维系统的输入序列x(n1,n2可以分解成偏移单位样本序列{(n1m1,n2m2} 的加权和,加权系数为n1m1=0,n2m2=0处的xx(m1,m2。即: x(n1,n2=m1m2x(m1,m2(n1m1,n2m2
而对定常系统来说,输入(n1m1,n2m2时,输出为h(n1m1,n2m2。从而对线性定常系统来说,由于叠加原理成立,所以输入x(n1,n2时,输出y(n1,n2将为: y(n1,n2=m1m2x(m1,m2h(n1m1,n2m2 (7.7
仍表示成:y(n1,n2=x(n1,n2h(n1,n2 这就是线性定常系统的卷积表示式。
可以分解成两个一维序列相乘的二维序列称为可分序列:f(n1,n2=f(n1f(n2. n1<0 n2<0时值全为零的序列称为二维因果序列。
一般情况下(无论系统是否是线性的或定常的)都可以用二维差分方程来表示。对线性的二维系统又可用二维的线性差分方程来表示,它的一般形式为:

m10m20mm1M1M22y(n1m1,n2m2=l1l2x(n1l1,n2l2 (7.8
l10l20L1L2和一维情况一样,只有给定了一定的起始条件之后,此差分方程才唯一地对应了一个系统。
二维序列f(n1,n2的二维傅立叶变换定义为: F(ej1,ej2= n1n2f(n1,n2ej(1n12n2 (7.9
它的反变换定义为: f(n1,n2=1(22F(ej1,ej2×ej(1n12n2d1d2 (7.10
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
类似地也可写出二维z变换的定义为: F(z1,z2=它的反变换为: f(n1,n2=n1n2f(n1,n2z1n1z2n2 (7.11
1(2j2c1c2F(z1,z2z1n11z2n21dz1dz2 (7.12 其中c1 c2分别为收敛域中的对z1z2的两个闭路。
应注意,和一维的情况不同,二维序列z变换的收敛域一般是很难求到的。而给不出收敛域,z变换就失去了意义。因此虽然可以由一维z变换的定义推论出二维z换的定义,但它的实用价值要比一维的差多了。
对傅立叶变换或z变换来说,卷积定理仍是成立的。即若: y(n1,n2=x(n1,n2h(n1,n2 则有:Y(z1,z2=X(z1,z2H(z1,z2
另外,定义在有限域0n1N110n2N21上的序列也存在有离散的傅N11N21立叶变换:F(K1,K2=n10n20Kf(n1,n2WN2n22K1n1WN (7.14 1 (0K1N110K2N21 它的反变换为
f(n1,n2=1N1N2N11N21K10K20K2n2K1n1F(K,KWW (7.15 12N2N1 (0n1N110n2N21
同样,离散傅立叶变换的卷积定理也是成立的。即二有限域序列x(n1,n2h(n1,n2的卷积:
y(n1,n2=x(n1,n2h(n1,n2 (7.16a DFT,等于二序列的DFT的乘积:
Y(K1,K2=X(K1,K2H(K1,K2 (7.16b 仍和一维一样,这里仍有线卷积和圆卷积之分,对应的DFT的表达式的“点数”(域的大小)也是不一样的。

§2 二维系统的稳定性
二维系统的稳定性是至今尚未完全解决的一个理论问题。由于研究此问题要花费巨大的精力而收效又甚微,所以很多学者由于觉得不值得而放弃了对它的研究。编者

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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
也不鼓励读者去循已有的结果作进一步的研究。
和一维的情况一样:输入有界时输出也有界的二维系统称为是稳定的。对线性定常系统,此稳定的定义可表示为:
x(n1,n2M<∞时,必有:
y(n1,n2=x(n1,n2h(n1,n2< (7.17 系统稳定的充要条件为:
n1n2h(n1,n2< (7.18 h(m1,m2x(n1m1,n2m2
此条件的充分性可如下证明:由于 y(n1,n2=m1m2x(n1,n2M,所以: y(n1,n2Mm1m2h(m1,m2
当满足条件(式(7.18)时,可得:y(n1,n2<∞。即系统必稳定。从而条件是充分的。条件的必要性反证法证:当件(式(7.18)不满足时,即若:n1n2h(n1,n2=∞时
对有界的输入序列:
h(n1,n2 h(n1,n20 h(n1,n2 x(n1,n2=
h(n1,n20 0 它在(00)点处的输出为: y(0,0=
m1m2h(m1,m2h(n1m1,n2m2h(n1m1,n2m2n1n20
=m1m2h(m1,m2
由反证时的假设,它是无穷大的,即y(0,0=∞。也即有界的输入造成了无界的输出,从而系统不稳定。因此系统要稳定就必须满足式(7.18)给定的条件。

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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
由此充分必要条件可知,系统稳定时它的z变换的系统函数H(z1,z2 z1z2两个平面的单位圆的交集z11z21上绝对收敛。这是因为z变换绝对收敛是指:

n1n2h(n1,n2z1n1z2n2 <
再把条件z11z21代入则得: 恰为上述的系统稳定的充要条件。
可见,由z变换下的系统函数H(z1,z2来判断二维系统是否稳定是要看 H(z1,z2是否在z11z21上绝对收敛。但二维z变换的收敛域很难求,因此稳定性的判别也就很困难。但当h(n1,n2 是因果可分序列时,它的z变换为: H(z1,z2=n10h1(n1z1n1n20n2h(nz222 (7.19 其中h1(n1h2(n2=h(n1,n2 则此时只要H1(z1=n10h1(n1z1n1z1=1上绝对收敛(从而即H1(z1的极点全在单位圆z1=1之内),同时H2(z2=n20h2(n2z2n2z2=1上绝对收敛,则H(z1,z2就在z11z21上绝对收敛。因此当h(n1,n2是因果可分序列时,系统稳定的条件简化为:H(z1,z2z1z2的极点分别在z1z2平面的单位圆之内。(注意它的限制:当h(n1,n2是非因果的或是不可分的时都不能用此条件) 一般情况下,H(z1,z2是以二元有理分式的形式给出的: H(z1,z2=A(z1,z2
B(z1,z2和一维的情况不同:一维的H(z=N(z/D(z的分母多项式D(z理论上是一定可以分解成一阶子因式连乘积的形式的,从而它的极点尽管也难求但毕竟还是可以判断出是否在单位圆内。但二元多项式B(z1,z2是否能分解成一阶子因式连乘积的形式在理论上就没有根据,可以明确的反倒是:如果h(n1,n2是不可分的,则将B(z1,z2分解成一阶子因式连乘积的形式是不可能的。因此不仅极点难求,甚至连它的大致位置也难判断。这就是二维系统稳定性分析的难点所在。一些学者所提出的稳定性判据虽有理论价值,但却只能用在简单的情况下。系统复杂时,虽然这些判据都仍然成立,但却无法应用。下面介绍三个判据:
1.Shanks判据:

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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
判据:因果系统稳定的充要条件是:系统函数 H(z1,z2=A(z1,z2
B(z1,z2z11z21域上不存在任何点使B(z1,z2=0 证明:充分性:
z11z21域上无任何点使B(z1,z2=0H(z1,z2在该域上解析,从而必存在ε>0使H(z1,z2在域z11z21上绝对收敛。 H(z1,z2z11z21上绝对收敛,从而系统稳定。 必要性:
系统要稳定就必须满足n10n20h(n1,n2<∞(注意这里是因果系统,故n1n2的下限均为零)。也即h(n1,n2是有界的,设此界为M,即: h(n1,n2M
n10n20h(n1,n2z1n1z2n2Mn10n20z1n1z2n2
而在z11z21n10n20z1n1z2n2<∞从而H(z1,z2在该域上绝对收敛,即无极点,也即无使B(z1,z2=0的点。
2.黄绪涛(T.S.Huang判据
H(z1,z2=A(z1,z2/B(z1,z2B(z1,z2=0同时满足:
1)将z1的单位圆映在z2的单位圆内。
2z1的单位圆及其外域z11上的任何点均不映射到z2=0的点上。
此判据应用起来较上判据方便,这里不再证

明,而举一例看如何使用。比如给定了一个系统 z2平面的系统函数:


1 H(z1,z2= 1az1bz21 则映射B(z1,z2=0为: 1az1bz20
b


ab


(7.1
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
也即:z2=1az1
bbz1的单位圆(ej1,1:[0,2π]通过此映射后,映成: z2=1aej1
bb是以1为圆心,a为半径的圆(如图(7.1)所示)
bb为使它落在z2的单位圆内,须: 1+a<1 bb b-a>1 另外,为使z2=0须:z1=1,而由条件(2)它不应该在z11上,从而须a>1
a从而得到上述系统要稳定时,参数必须满足以下条件:
ba1
a1 3.Asell判据 H(z1,z2=A(z1,z2引入双线性变换作变量置换
B(z1,z21z11z2, p2 1z11z2 p1则得:
H(p1,p2=E(p1,p2
F(p1,p2系统稳定的充要条件是同时满足:
1F(j1, p2p2=2+ j2的正实轴上无零点,即:
F(j1,20 对所有的0<2< (7.20a 2F(p1,1p1=1+j1的正实轴上无零点,即:
F(1,1 0 对所有的0<1< (7.20b 此判据也不再予以证明。
§3 二维IIR滤波器的设计
虽然IIR滤波器可在较低的阶次下得到较好的特性,但它的设计是困难的。这里
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
的主要问题是不能确保设计出的系统是稳定的。早期虽有一些学者提出了一些设计方法,但效果都不甚好。直到1978年两位埃及学者阿里Aly和法米FahmyDeczkey的最小P误差设计法推广到了二维,才算有了比较令人满意的设计方法。本节也仅介绍他们给出的方法。这种方法是在能分解成二阶以下的子环节串联形式的系统函数中找出P误差最小的优化逼近结果。由于各子环节稳定则系统就稳定,所以设计过程中只要保证各二阶以下的子环节稳定就够了,而这又是能做得到的。所以这种设计既保证了设计结果稳定又是在一定范围内(能分解成二阶子环节串联形式的系统)P误差最小的。
K个不高于二阶子环节串联系统的系统函数为:
J2kJ1k H(z1,z2=AIk1K bijkz1iz2jj0i02kI1k (7.21 dijkz1iz2jj0i0其中A为系统的增益,各b00k=d00k=1。它的频率响应为:
H(ej1,ej2=H(ej1,ej2ej(1,2 (7.22 群延迟为:
i(1,2=-(1,2 i=1,2 (7.23 i设计的任务就是要求出一组参数
X[(((dijk,i0,,I1k,j0,,I2k,k1,,K, (((bijk,i0,,J1k,j0,,J2k,k1,,K,A] (7.24 使P误差
F(X=mFm(X+ 1F1(X+2F2(X (7.25 最小。
其中:Fm(X=Wm(m,n(H(m,n-Hd(m,np
m1n1MN为以Wm为权系数的幅频响应H(m,n与理想值Hd(m,nP误差。 Fi(X=Wi(m,n(i(m,n-id(m,np i=1,2 m1n1MN为以Wi为权系数的群延迟i和理想值idP误差。
m12分别为幅频误差和群延迟误差在总误差中占有的权。
显然,这是和一维IIR滤波器的最小P误差设计法类似的一个逼近问题。仍采用
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
Flecher-powell给出的优化技术和程序就可解出能保证P误差最小的参数集合(A,bijk,dijk但是这么做出的结果不能保证稳定。为了保证设计结果稳定,阿里和法米采用如下做法:
原系统函数H(z1,z2中每个不高于二阶的子环节的分母多项式均可表示为: L2L1ij11Q(z1,z2=eijz1z2, j0i0
各系数eij均可用另一组非零的实数集合{qli}来表示,具体说就是:L1=L2=1的情况表成:
2e00(kq1(ke10(kq22(k (7.26 2e01(kq3(ke11(k1 L1=2L2=1L1=1L2=2的情况表示成:
e00(k(q1(kq6(kq2(kq5(kq3(kq4(k222e10(kq5q (k6(k2e20(kq3 (k (7.27 2e01(kq4(k
22e11(kq1 (kq2(k e21(k1 L1=L2=2的情况,表示成:
e00(k(q5(kq10(kq6(kq9(kq7(kq8(k2 22e10(k(q1(kq10(kq3(kq7(kq4(kq6(k(q2(kq10(kq3(kq9(kq4(kq8(k2e20(kq10 (k 22e01(k(q1(kq8(kq2(kq6(kq3(kq5(k(q1(kq9(kq2(kq7(kq4(kq5(k 2222e11(kq6qqq (k7(k8(k9(k22e21(kq3q (k4(k2e02(kq5(k 22e12(kq1(kq2(k e22(k1 (7.28 显然,当各{qlk}求到时,相应的第k个子环节分母多项式的系数{eij(k}也就完全
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
可求到了。这么做的目的是:如果各系数满足上述关系,则对Q(z1,z2 z111p111p1 z211p211p2 (7.29 的双线性变换后得到的Q(p1,p2在域p11p21上无零点即:
Q(p1,p20 p11p21 从而由Shank判据,经双线性变换后的二阶子环节是稳定的,从而由它们串联而成的系统也是稳定的。此系统的系统函数可由式(7.29)代入(7.21)得到为:
11p21K1p1 H(p1,p2=B ijI2kI1k11k11p11p21I1k1I2k(1p1(1peijk1p11p12j0i01211p11J1k1J2k(1p1(1p2cijk11pj0i01J2kJ1kij再以pieji代入,注意到:
1p1 1p11pejjtg
2
j2e2 (1ppejcos(
2得该系统的频率响应为:
H(m,n=BU(m,n Hk(m,n (7.31 k1K其中
U(m,n=[2cos(1m/2]v1[2cos(2n/2]v2×ej(v11mv22n/2 这里:v1(J1kI1k
k1KK v2(J2kI2k
k1J2kJ1kcijk[jtg(1m/2]i[jtg(2n/2]jj0i0I2kI1kj0i0 Hk(m,n
eijk[jtg(1m/2]i[jtg(2n/2]j
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
eijk又是以qlk来表示的,从而问题变成为求一组参数:
X{((qlk,l1,2,k1,2,,K (((cijk,i0,,J1k,j0,1,,J2k,k1,2,,K,B} (7.33 使由式(7.25)给出的P误差最小,为此取P误差F(X对参数集合X中的各元的偏导数,再令它等于零,得一个微分方程组。用Flecher-powell程序解此方程组即可求到使P误差最小的参数集合X由于这时的参数是以qlk的形式给出的,把它们按式7.267.277.28)给出的关系组合成eijk,则得式(7.30)所给出的系统函数。由前所述,此二维系统肯定是稳定的。这样就设计出了既稳定又P误差最小的二维IIR系统。

§4 二维FIR滤波器的设计
由于FIR系统永是稳定的,且又可用FFT作快速实现,所以在二维信号处理中FIR系统远比IIR系统用得多。一般情况下二维FIR滤波器可用窗口法进行设计,要求很高时则可用对一维最小最大误差的设计结果作变换来得到二维的最小最大误差的FIR滤波器。本节介绍这两种设计方法的具体做法。先讨论窗口法。
如果给定了所要求的二维滤波器的频率响应Hd(ej1,ej2,则对它取二维反傅立叶变换就可得到它所对应的脉冲响应:
1 hd(n1,n2=2Hd(ej1,ej2ej(1n12n2d1d2 (7.34 4但一般hd(n1,n2是无限域的,为了得到一个有限域的脉冲响应,仍取一个二维窗口:0 0n1N10n2N21W(n1,n2 (7.35 0 其余用它截取hd(n1,n2,即得到FIR滤波器的脉冲响应:
h(n1,n2=w(n1,n2hd(n1,n2 (7.36 显然,系统质量的好坏直接取决于窗口的质量。黄绪涛建议用一维的窗口来构造两维的窗口函数。具体又有两种做法:
1.平方矩形窗口
此时是用长各为N1N2的两个一维窗口(海明窗或凯色窗等等)W1(n1 W1(n2相乘得到:
此时W(n1,n2非零值的域是一个N1×N2的矩形,故称为平方矩形窗口。
2.圆形窗口
2n2把一维窗口W1(n中的nn12来代入,得
2n2 W(n1,n2=W1(n12 (7.38 此时W(n1,n2的非零值的域为一个圆,所以称为圆形窗口。

11
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
高质量的一维窗口(比如凯色窗),用这种方法得到的二维圆形窗仍是高质量的。因此这种方法是很常用的。
下面来讨论变换设计法的有关问题。一维FIR滤波器的最小最大误差逼近是建立在切比雪夫定理(交错定理)的基础上的。但在二维情况下此定理难以应用,因此难以直接对二维滤波器作最小最大误差逼近。另外,一维情况下最小最大误差的逼近结果是一个频率响应为等幅波动的滤波器,但在二维中最小最大误差的逼近结果并不一定是等波纹的频率响应。因此在想要设计二维高质量的FIR滤波器时,并不是直接对二维理想响应作最小最大误差的逼近,而是先设计一个一维的最小最大误差滤波器,然后用变换法把它变成二维的。
当域长N1N2为奇数,h(n1,n2为偶对称时,二维线性相移滤波器的频率响应为:
N11N11j(,21j1j222 H(e,e=e×N11N2122n10n20a(n1,n2cos1n1cos2n2 (7.39 其中
N11N21h(, n10 n2022N11N212h(,n2 n10 n20 22 a(n1,n2
N11N212h(n1, n10 n20 22N11N214h(n,n2 n10 n20 122如果已经设计好了一个一维的最小最大误差滤波器:
N1jj2 G(e=eN112n0b(ncosn (7.40 则只要取映射:
cosAcos1Bcos2Ccos1cos2D (7.41 (其中ABCD由所需的通、止带域的形状决定——见后)代入到(7.40)中即可N1N122得到:n10n20ˆ(n1,n2cosna11cosn22
再把幂级数变换为傅立叶级数即得:
N1N122 n10n20a(n1,n2cos1n1cos2n2 (7.42 12

第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
即(7.39)式中给出的幅频响应。从而完成了设计。
显然,这里的关键是参数ABCD的选择。这要根据通止带的范围要求来决定。这里仅介绍两种常用的选择方法:
1.A=B=C=-D=0.5 则此时一维的低通滤波器将会被变换成通域为12平面上中心附近的一个近似为圆域的二维滤波器。如图(7.2b所示。在1,2正交面上等ω线的分布如图(7.2b所示。在近原点处,等ω线近似为圆,在1=2=π处等ω线变成了互相垂直的两条直线。在用这种参数作变换时,变换出的二维滤波器几乎仍是等波纹的。
22

止带 止带

1


止带 止带

10

a 变换后的通、止带 b ω线的分布
箭头指示ω增加方向
2.A=-B=0.5, C=D=0 这也是一类频带变换的方法,A=-B不限于只能取0.5,C=D也不限于只能取零。我们仅是以这个例子作分析。此时在12的正交图上,等ω线的分布如图(7.3a所示。
2
2


2

1

1

a ω线分布 b 一维低通滤波器变换出的 箭头指示ω增加方向 二维滤波器的通、止带 (7.3 A=-B=0.5, C=D=0时的一、二维频率对应关系
图(7.3b给出了转折频率为的一维低通滤波器经此参数的变换后变出的二维
2滤波器的通止带分布。由于通带象个扇形,所以称为扇形滤波器。这种滤波器在地质信号处理中是常会用到的。

13
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法

§5 二维DFT的快速算法
第一节中已经给出了二维DFTIDFT的定义:
N11N21 F(K1,K2=n10n20Kf(n1,n2WN2n22K1n1WN 1 (0K1N110K2N21 f(n1,n2=1N1N2N11N21K10K20KF(K1,K2WN22n2K1n1WN 1 (0n1N110n2N21
N21仔细考察此二定义式,比如对DFT式,它的内层叠加:n20Kf(n1,n2WN2n22
是以n1为参变量的一维DTF若以F(n1,K2表示此叠加结果,则外层叠加又可表示为:N11F(K1,K2=n10KnF(n1,K2WN111
它又是以K2为参变量的一维DFT从而反复调用一维DFT的快速算法(比如XFFT子程序),就可完成二维DFTIDFT的快速计算。下面给出了它的FORTRAN程序。其中工作数组W(N1只是为了程序的编写方便才加入的。当N2N1时,此数组的维数应定义成W(N2。被调用的XFFT子程序已在第三章给出,这里就不再重复写入了。 SUBROUTINE TDFT(X,W,N1,N2, M1,M2,IST COMPLEX X(N1,N2,W(N1 DO 160 I=1, N1 DO 120 J=1, N2
120 W(J=X(I,J CALL XFFT(W, N2, M2,IST DO 140 J=1, N2 140 X(I,J=W(J 160
CONTINUE DO 220 J=1, N2 DO 180 I=1, N1 180
W(I=X(I,J CALL XFFT(W, N1,M1,IST DO 220 I=1, N1 220
X(I,J=W(I
14
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
220 CONTINUE RETURN END 使用此子程序时,只要在主程序中用语句: CALL TDFT(X,W,N1,N2, M1,M2,IST XN1,N2M1=log2N1,M2=log2N2,W是工作数组,IST=-1作正变换,IST=1作反变换。
二维DFT直接计算的计算量与调用一维FFT算法的计算量之比为N1N2/log2 (N1N2。比如N1=N2=26,则此比值为340,即快速算法的计算量要少340倍。当N1N2大时,效益将会更高。


习题:写出长为M宽为N的矩形域上的二维海明(Hamming)窗的表达式

上机作业:计算下列各二维序列的DFT, 给出幅度谱和相位谱 1x(m,n= (m,n 0 m 15, 0 n 7 2. x(m,n= u(m,n 0 m 15, 0 n 7 3. x(m,n= e0.1m e0.2n 0 m 15, 0 n 7
4. x(m,n= cos(/16m cos(/16n 0 m 15, 0 n 7 1 0 m 3, 0 n 3 5.
x(m,n= 0 4 m 15, 4 n 7
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
(英文版 easily blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the leading cadres to play an exemplary role, take the lead in the strict implementation of the < code > and < rule >, lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority of the party discipline, ensure that the party discipline and the laws and regulations for implementation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily supervision and management , strengthen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigation of violations of discipline behavior. Strengthen to key areas, key departments and key projects as well as the masses reflect the concentration of the units and departments for supervision. - strengthening supervision, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to set an example for compliance with the < code > and < rule > is a man must be hexyl, blacksmith needs its own hardware. Discipline inspection organs as the executor of the party discipline, and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must be more strictly, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awareness of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and rules consciousness, politics loyalty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an example of the
16
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervision and accept the supervision of the firmness and consciousness, do comply with < > and < >. To firmly establish the discipline must first be disciplined, the supervisor will be subject to the supervision of "concept, and consciously safeguard and implement party compasses party, take the lead in practicing" three strict real strict, so loyal, clean, play. To be good at learning, the Constitution and the < code > as morality, politics and brought to fruition; to implement < >, do not want to, dare not, not with disciplinary ruler to supervision; to discipline a ruler, often the control inspection, and consciously in the ideological red line to draw the row Ming Good accumulation is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the line has ended. Attached: indifferent to heart, calmly to the table in our life, there are many unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad things, we cannot control is powerless to stop, but with time, you will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turned out to be a good thing, but then we muddy however did not know, this is the life teach us things. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple life of precipitation, to have enough time to reflect, to make Become
17
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the struggle; not to have conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers; not disillusioned after the heart, such as ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained self-confidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, some just a calm, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give up should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because of too narrow-minded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, completely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Don't always take everything back to things, and don't get into a blind alley, don't want to face, don't be narrow-minded. Poke to care, is a kind of
18
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
open-minded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back and see stab me, is my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, I'm afraid he turned to it as a joke to tell don't 6, when we are in a positive frame of mind, you will find many good things; and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed things; life happy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company. When you are in adversity, may wish to change a point of view to think everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest; heart tired, calm. Grow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no one can sympathize with you, have mercy on you. You cry, tears is your own; you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people have youth, Each youth are a story, the life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want anything, for fear that others know, or like to lose the same. 9, the heart move, everything in the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thing is often the most difficult to open one's mouth, because words will reduce its
19
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good things, the original is not easy 10, do not blame, do not laugh at who, also don't envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind; no matter how many grievances, how uncomfortable, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own, others may got you to comfort, but never know your heart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, ma'am, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, and goodness, helping others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one; and an exception is better to give than to what 13, don't envy him A sum of, don't lose your life and the life, respectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, while the latter is our persistent, we want to cherish the memory of those people and things. 14, learn to smile, learn to strong, the world you know so many people, so many people and you are, you cannot change also can't let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to waste, to chase the dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to
20
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
go. A wounding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most stupid behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spent two years of time to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes, growth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no static, there is only one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will not know the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you; you learn knowledge, is you have weapons, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed; how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on the road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of
21
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and comfortable life, do not take what is so important. The pursuit will be disappointed; to be alive, you will have trouble. Life is the most afraid of what all want to care about, but also what all grasp is not firm, without scenery, separated populations, such as not to desire, all docked in the fate of the end. Why is too rigid, the natural, to go stay not to live, let go of obsession, revel is 20, if the fate of the broken Hopes of sailing, please don't despair, the coast is still, if the fate of the withered petals of the beautiful, please do not sink, the spring is still, life will always be endless trouble, please don't helpless, because they are still alive, is still a dream, the sun still, we still. Lost, keep memories; to get, must work to; but the most important is good to cherish their own. 21, life, select the complex, is to choose the pain; choose a simple, is choose to be happy. The complex world like a Significance of pride. Hope is the ornate palace, outside people admiring the magnificent, living in the deep knowledge of living it to pay the price. Simple world as a simple log cabin outside ridiculed shabby, the heart is willing to go live to know the joy. Suffering and joy is their own choice. 22, learn how to use a single powerful heart, let the past be the past,
22
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
let the future come. Life is really the end of the end of an eagle is flying wings, life is constantly pursuit. Don't miss to regret, don't wait for old just miss. Time to return, seize every moment, again painstakingly again tired also Those struggling to fly. 23, life could not Yimapingchuan, even flat pavement, inevitably there will be a few pieces of roadblocks. Some of the rocks around the past, while others have to move it out. Just move others put the stone is very easy, because the stone from the appearance we can discern; difficult to myself to move away the heart of stone head. Leave time to spend with her, often reflect my heart, so as to remove your heart of stone. 24, everything does not have to be demanding, come to, everything does not have to care about, over the past; failing to do not frown, laugh it laugh. Results Don't demand, do to; life is a simple, calm and peaceful. Always not to choose their own path and regret, life is like a train, the scenery and then the United States will retreat, the passage of time and encounter will eventually drifting further and further away, before is always himself. 25, everyone has a weakness, weakness is true humanity. That has no weakness, a shallow person. That people think there is no weakness, mostly false. Life has shortcomings, there are shortcomings is the real life. That no
23
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
one regret, or childish or numbness or Self deception. It is in tolerance of weakness and so on to accept, people live happily.
Hello, everyone! I am a party member. The title of my speech is: < study and implement the party's two laws, doing practical play highway. 2015 October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated the implementation of the < the probity of the Communist Party of China self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and punishment regulations. We Heyuan male passers-by to respond positively to the call of the Central Committee of the party, earnestly organize the study "party two regulations", truly grasp the essence and gist, and in their respective positions, to hold the bottom line of the discipline, build a strong ideological line of defense, with the courage to play, the courage to fight tough and fearless spirit, at the crucial moment well to complete the task, with practical action to test the study and implement effect Because of discipline in the * * * * * * * * * * * story. Here, let me to cast a brick to attract jade, speak about our highway. Highway line section of the road surface transformation project, last year "towards the country
24
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
seized" will be seized one of the items. To complete this arduous task, as a project management office director Comrade, keep in mind from the Communist Party membership, recognize and identify the "bottom line", strict management, and strict adherence to the quality of the project. He not only set an example, honesty and self-discipline, but also requires the management of all the members of the O.K., do not eat the construction unit one meal, do not accept the construction unit a ceremony. In this way, they didn't really dare to adhere to the principle. No comrade, constantly put on reworking an emergency meeting to Comrade Zhen to speak louder, management tube too strict. Remember in Dongguan Street, 400 meters long cement concrete surface layer, because of various reasons, the smoothness of the poor in the bottom cavity, covering film traces and car imprinting quality problems, * * * inquiries, immediately rushed to the scene to understand and verify the situation, the convening of the management office, the construction units, supervision units, construction units, construction units construction time is tight, the economic loss and other reasons to intercede ******** unmoved. He said, "now a popular word, to the discipline and rules quite in front, there are no rules Radius, you construction team not accordance
25
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
with the technical specifications, quality problems, it must be to carry out rectification. Engineering quality responsibility be weightier than Mount Tai, if we manage to this matter Pavement quality quantity are placed the matter, we this time to learn two regulations have what use? Still what is the Communist Party? "Finally, in his insisted, the road after rework, to solve these problems. In the construction of the new comrades and the project all the colleagues efforts, after four months of fighting, the project the main project was finally completed and passed inspection. Thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles Piao, this is a splendid and romantic scene. But snow for the highway, it is a disaster, a serious threat to the traffic safety. This year, a month, a century of cold wave swept from North to south, and the snow blowing to Guangdong, but also to bear the blow To * * * * the highway. In January on the evening of 23, Lianping county city temperatures dropped to minus 2 degrees, a wide range of sudden rain sleet, before and after the provincial S341 line in Jiulianshan Mountain tunnel sections of the road appeared in the snow, lead to the passing vehicles skid, traffic is blocked. In the face of the sudden natural disasters, city and county
26
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
highway department immediately launched the emergency plan for disaster prevention. As the front line of the main force, Lianping Highway Bureau of all Party members and cadres to remember the Party member responsibility, braving the biting cold wind, the first time rushed to the scene, on the icy pavement of salt disposal. Because the temperature is too low, just melt water immediately freezes, addition to the ice work to increase the difficulty. To ensure In addition to the re organization of the depths of the traffic safety, road people braved the icy put reflective cones and warning signs, endure cold at minus 2,3 of Jiulianshan patrols until one in the morning. Just before dawn, Lianping Highway Bureau personnel on the icy road salt ice melting processing until ten o'clock, ice melting ice success, the road gradually returned to normal traffic. In the cold winter night, which people do not miss the warm bed, which people do not miss the warm home. However, our highway on the road to the owners of the masses can go home early, the night fighting to secure the avoidance of the road safety and smoothness, fulfill their responsibility. Xi General Secretary Every Party member cadre cautioned against said: blacksmith needs self hard "." two regulations ", is our own hard standard test, more exercise every party members and
27
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
cadres of the fire. We should continue to strengthen the party two regulations, conscientiously in practical work, practical play road, the road for the development of the cause of Heyuan and struggle.
In the industry domain report the situation of road traffic in recent years, in the province highway departments of the concern and support, our bureau management department based on the job, loyalty duty, best service, to further promote the highway management standardization, legal, scientific and information technology to improve the management level and service quality. This will be my last work is as follows: first, around the center, go all out to greet the seizure in 2015, "meet national examination" is my bureau work. As the highway management department, we focus on the work of the center to strengthen road renovation and management as the focal point, further optimize the service environment, improve service levels. Inspection, the inspection group and the Ministry of transport, the Bureau under the leadership of the ministries and agencies highly evaluated and fully affirmed. (a increase road area remediation efforts. The programme of work, strengthen the organization and leadership. The timely
28
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
development of the city of <*** common trunk highway area environment remediation plan >, along the road signs and markings, traffic safety facilities, on both sides of the green, advertising signs, control area illegal construction and implementation of remediation tasks to the relevant departments, clear work time of the node to ensure rectification work timely. Set up road area special rectification work leading group, implement a bureau, the Bureau of the county (District, the project road site domain environment comprehensive improvement Mechanism. To ensure that the work carried out smoothly, the bureau also organized the city road managers participated in the regulation of road region and the relevant laws and regulations of the special training. 2. Active butt joint is reported, actively strive for the support of. Local Party committee and government support is the job As a magic weapon, I am one of the Bureau of the principal leaders repeatedly attack inspection "remediation and road area to the principal leaders of the municipal report. * * *, the Secretary of municipal Party committee, mayor * *, * * *, vice mayor of many times the rate of the relevant departments directly under the responsible person in-depth National
29
第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
Highway G105 line, G205 line, provincial S341 line and the other highway project site, on-site office, coordination solve engineering construction and environmental comprehensive renovation in the presence of difficulties and problems. Last year, national highway along the county (District government led organizations deploy traffic, urban management, public security, land, environmental protection, industry and commerce, highways and other related departments, to carry out to dismantle illegal construction and ground structures, cleaning up illegal standard Records label "as the main content of the road domain integrated environmental remediation activities and achieved good results. 3. Pay attention to comprehensive management, improve the effectiveness of remediation. Road construction control management has been strengthened. According to the relevant provisions of the laws and regulations of the < Highway Law > and < highway safety regulations for the protection of > and so on, county * *, * * County People's Government on highway construction control area were delineated and issue a public notice, * * County People's government also approved by the executive meeting of the government through discussion, implementation of road boundary markers of 73 million yuan of special funds input,
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
stake setting. According to statistics, last year the city has erected building control zone peg 820, construction control area boundary markers 815 . the second is highway greening and beautification work enhance the road area remediation effectiveness. Will highway greening and beautification work as road area remediation of a key, invite garden experts to guide the design of green, the implementation of high standards for ecological landscape highway activities to create, five years, I board greening mileage of more than 900 kilometers, appropriate road greening greening rate of 100%, effectively enhance the city road greening level and grade, adds a sharp scenery line for **********. Third, rectification of illegal construction and occupation of the road has been checked. By through the town, crossing the road on many occasions to carry out concentrated rectification actions, to clear the remnants of the wall, broken Archives of highways in strict accordance with the wall of building structures and the illegal deposits, remediation along the Jeeves, Jeeves placed advertisements and vehicle maintenance, car washing and other acts, standardize and purification on both sides of the highway billboards and other non road signs, I city of national and provincial highway basic elimination of the "dirty, chaotic, poor, blocking
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
phenomenon, highway traffic environment purification, landscaping. (2 to strengthen the management on the basic data management. The level of the archives management regulations, formulate the < file management system >, the establishment of the road, the implementation of the file manager, file collection, filing, sorting, filing, confidentiality, custody, borrow, identification pin Destroy the standardization. 2, standardized management, enhance service image (a evaluation system to further improve in order to strengthen and standardize guidance and assessment of each county (area bureau of highways management work, the Bureau developed a <*** City Highway Bureau highways management assessment implementation measures (Trial. To regularly check for half a year, year-end assessment and irregular random sampling combined, taking the spot road inspections, sampling sections, listening to the reports, archives data check, for each county (area bureau of highways management work implementation of the special assessment. According to the annual comprehensive assessment appraisal score results, evaluation of outstanding, excellent compliance and Not up to the standard of four grades. And in accordance with the level of assessment, the award on behalf of dial highway management funds. Total score is above
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
95%, is excellent, 10 million yuan reward; total score of 90 - 94 for excellent, 8 million yuan reward; for the total score of 80 - 89 points for standard, reward 50000 yuan. On the total score is less than 79 points for non-compliance unit, circulate a notice of criticism. (II Sheung inspection work to further standardize a is in place to ensure the inspection. National and provincial trunk highway patrol monthly not less than 20 days, State Road a week of not less than 3 times, dart a week of not less than 2 times. The second is to explore and promote the electronic patrol monitoring. City highway patrol vehicles are installed on the highway patrol vehicle monitoring system; highway law enforcement personnel are equipped with a recorder for law enforcement, on the process of supervision and law enforcement to ensure evidence has played an effective role. The third is unified and standardized inspection ledger records, inspection equipment use and management of the electronic Patrol information storage utilization. The fourth is the establishment of highway maintenance and inspections mechanism. The city's 19 country and provincial trunk highway maintenance center equipped with the CPPCC keeper, and to develop a road of the Chinese people's Political
Consultative Conference
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
responsibilities. According to statistics, in 2015 (on the road. Day.... Stop the road mileage, 17 cases; clean up debris on both sides of the road 20 , demolition billboard 30, demolition chaotic scaffolding house 3, clean Lane Hawking 15. (3 road permit work to further strengthen the implementation of administrative licensing system, strengthen the supervision and administration of the licensing. Strict implementation of the < Guangdong Province highways license implementation measures >. According to the provisions of the road approval procedures and processes to carry out road license, do according to the law, the license in accordance with the law, shall be subject to examination and approval of the. Implement the collective examination and approval, to strengthen supervision. Highways and approval of business implementation of technical review of administrative approval and separation, the audit focused on the more complex involved in the road licensing matters, collective decision-making, to improve the scientific nature of the road administrative examination and approval, reduce approval corruption risks. Second is to promote the In administrative permission of information technology to improve service quality. According to the <*** Provincial People's Government Office on Issuing 2014 improve
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
and expand the spirit of the relevant documents of the online business hall of program of work notice > and ministries and provincial and municipal government, I realized the butt of Guangdong Province highway information network and provincial network business hall * * * branch office highways licensing examination and approval work. Simplify the licensing process, and strengthen the office system, optimize the quality of service. (4 image of the team to further enhance a is grasp Windows image.2015 years, my bureau highways licensing in the city administrative service center settings window service. According to the <** provincial highway The provisions of the administrative licensing service window management way > and < on regulating the content of the public notice >, I Bureau for damaged highway capacity compensation standard, occupied by highway repair (lost compensation expenses standards, in accordance with the law of administrative licensing items, the communications administrative license implementation procedures into the line on the wall publicity, in the service window is equipped with all kinds of application fill in sample, administrative licensing service guide brochure, in a conspicuous place public commitment to the system and advisory telephone complaints, for the masses provides warm and
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
thoughtful service. Second is to grasp the "Four Unifications" working in the city's highway law enforcement image. According to the Ministry of transport < to strengthen transportation administrative law enforcement image construction guidance Scheme > and the ministries of the Provincial Bureau of the relevant documents, I board in front of the June 2015 completed the identification of law enforcement, law enforcement station appearance, clothing of law enforcement, law enforcement documents "four unification". (5 the AILU nursing atmosphere further formation of my bureau attaches great importance to the propaganda work of highway management "road awareness month" into <*** City Highway Bureau 2015 road administration work points. One is around the "norms of law enforcement, improve the service" theme "road awareness month" activities carried out. According to statistics, the city's highway system were deployed highways propaganda car 60 times, staff of highways 152 people, set point consulting 6, issued and publicity Data of 8000, hanging banners 134; broadcast 60 hours / 20, update 7 inch high rod making permanent propaganda page 4; in <*** Daily > 7th edition published < highway laws and regulations publicity content >, purchased and distributed < the people's Republic of China Highway Law >, < highway Ann Quanbao
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
supporting regulations > legal text, a total of 500 this. The second is to carry out "12.4" national legal advocacy day activities, the city road officers go deep among the masses interpretation of highway Highways Management laws, regulations and policy advocacy, analysis for illegal construction at both sides of the road, a typical case of illegal advertising management, showing public road construction and maintenance of highways The actual results of the management, the masses love protection consciousness and social awareness to further enhance the enforcement of highways. In recent years, I board in the highway management work were some beneficial explorations and the attempt, and achieved initial results, but there is still a certain gap compared with requirements of the Provincial Bureau and other brothers City, we will to implement the party's spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the opportunity, and further increase the intensity of road management work, and constantly improve the overall quality of the workforce and the ability to learn, and strive to achieve the new highway across.
Today the topic of democratic life will I talk about the main
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
to correctly treat leave turn ensure transition delicate gas is understanding, to carry out criticism and self-criticism, in-depth to find problems, profound analysis of the causes, through self analysis to find their own existence problem, to correctly understand their own, strengthen the party spirit training, to ensure that the election of smoothly and successfully completed. Below I talk about their own situation, please put forward valuable opinion. Main understanding (a serious discipline, to create a delicate gas is in the general environment in accordance with the Central Commission for discipline inspection organs, < of Organization Department of CPC Central Committee on strengthening the election of the notice of customs supervision >, municipal < on doing a good job City Township leadership transition in the notification > and county Party Committee Organization Department of the county Party Committee Organization Department < on the convening of the correct treatment leave turn ensure transition Fengqing gas is a feature of democratic life notice > files related to the spirit of the requirements, earnestly implement the "nine is prohibited, nine shall be" the solemn discipline, I earnestly study the < Chinese Communist Party principle of honesty and self-discipline >. < Chinese Communist Party
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
Disciplinary Regulations >, < promote leading cadre of some regulations >, < party and government leading cadres selection and appointment Regulations > and file, and a profound understanding of the nine is prohibited, a nine law "discipline essence and firmly safeguard the election of serious Ensure the unhealthy tendencies have successfully completed, and actively create a delicate gas is the election of environment, to ensure that the election, so as to further strengthen the town leadership and cadre team construction. Through the study, in-depth thinking, to a serious discipline the importance and necessity of a more profound understanding. First, it is the iron discipline. The central put forward the "nine is prohibited, nine shall be the reason for early serious general discipline, designated" high-voltage wire, "itself reflects the party committees at all levels of the reelection of attaches great importance to the objective is bright resolute attitude, the implementation of effective measures, the same candidate to fight with discipline election of wind Discipline in gas is health. Secondly, this is prevenient. From some typical cases, we can see that individual cadres election to engage in speculative hack canvassing votes, in violation of discipline, and ultimately paid a high price. The destruction of Hengyang
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
election case and Nanchong canvassing bribery case that strengthen election discipline, serious election discipline of necessity and importance. The discipline of publicity to the public, wide report, that is, early warning, early hit precautionary needle, tell the cadres should do what shouldn't do, what to do and what not to do, and better education of cadres, warning cadres, and build a strong line of defense, to avoid the occurrence of similar problems. There is duty. Serious discipline, with a strong team is an important starting point. As the leadership of the party members and cadres, take the lead in the implementation and take the lead in upholding the election of discipline, which is a major political responsibility. Must be clear requirements, strict constraints themselves, cherish the honor, safeguard the image of the organization; promote righteousness, play an exemplary role. Especially as deputy Township, but also to give a full play to its role, always stand in the discipline of first-line maintenance. The wind Su Ji through the election of the work of the whole process. (II serious discipline, treat correctly leave turn as a cadre of the party, whether it is in, is back, stay, turn are organization Metabolism of entrepreneurial career, need and development
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
need. So, his first with a broad mind to treat "leave turn". The position is officer positions, power for the people service tools. Different positions of the party's cause, plays a decisive role, the same important. To ability strong, style of comrade to important positions and applause, is full of vigor and vitality and promising young cadres in leadership and cheer for their own "leave turn" and calmly face, calm place. Second is to a healthy state of mind to treat "leave turn". The personnel of metabolic, between the past and the present. Cadre new old alternant, team, push In the party constitution control strict working to career development objective need, is never the end of the historical process. Each a cadre must face up to the laws of nature to think we also took the former relay baton "go on leadership post, regardless of the current positions, positions and responsibilities have what change, can do for peace of mind and mood, such as water, in a happy mood. (3 carefully and find out the problem, correct understanding of themselves, even though they do conscientious, serious attitude, honesty in politics, but high standard < >, the control standard, especially control learning, striving for excellent activities emerge in large numbers of advanced characters, advanced deeds Static not consciously practice the
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
"strict three real" and strengthen the party spirit accomplishment to find the gap, swing is insufficient, a clear direction, mainly manifested in the following aspects: one is the learning initiative and self-consciousness. Often busy with work as an excuse, not consciously take the initiative to spare time to learn. Is often superior to learn what to learn what, and work closely to learn, and working relationship is not less to learn. Mainly manifested in the theoretical study is not thorough, system is not thorough, the Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and "Three Represents" important thought, the scientific concept of development and learning, general secretary of the series of speech learning, just from the surface on learning In the less less less and not deep enough, not from the deeper study, to study, to understand, to sentiment, to use, to guide the work. The second is to investigate the research. This year their participation in the county, the county government's important meeting, the town Party work time is more, coupled with the specific affairs busy, in-depth primary research time reduced. The inspection was carried out research activities, there are surface examination, thematic research, listen to reports and discussion research, the general requirements and specific guidance, in a certain
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
extent, affected the timely discovery and solve. Third is the level of leadership, leadership and need to be further improved. Stroke the personnel selection is positive, work coordination and cooperation can't to the best effect; in the coordination to deal with some complex problems, the approach is not enough. Especially encountered, time is tight, the task is heavy, is often the soldiers to be blocked, the water to soil cover, struggling to cope with. The global and forward-looking innovation is not enough. (4 to ensure that the transition delicate gas selected loyal to the party loyal to the people of leading cadres (recommended for the county to provide accurate information to ensure the transition in the air, after the general election of work have a greater change. The second is balanced, promote the work in an orderly manner. In the future a period of time, the transition will be in the county under the leadership of the Extended surface. And breeding industry and the construction of key projects also in actively, they have to seriously consider, overall transition and key projects to promote. Education team members and the town, village cadres actively participate in industry cultivate the work, with outstanding achievements to accept the assessment of test of the organization and the masses of the people, in
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
the town set up promising is a strong general business and the right atmosphere general election, do election and projects to promote the two not mistake, the promotion of two. Second, the rectification measures One is to enhance learning, awareness raising, he will continue to strengthen learning, improve the level of awareness, their own unity of thought and action to the county, township party committee of arrangements for the election. The second is correctly, strengthen discipline, own the right of transition, a matter of personal leave turn, as a town, deputy secretary of Party committee, themselves are fully aware of the only serious work, strict demands on themselves in order to not negative expectations of organizations and the masses, so that individuals can well deal with good transition in personal leave turn. Three people on the election promise as Deputy Secretary of the Party committee, in the election of my solemn commitment to Catch: if a is strictly abide by and take the lead in the implementation of the "nine is prohibited, nine" transition discipline, not to engage in cliques, not to engage in canvassing votes buying and selling, buying, and no fraud swindlers officer, do not intercede say hello, not illegal, not to run gas leak, do not interfere with changing times,
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
accomplish strict discipline, warning, with iron discipline firmly put unhealthy trends, promote delicate gas to ensure transition in the healthy and orderly development; the second is resolutely obey organization arrangement, and resolutely to stress the party spirit, principle, discuss overall situation, correctly treat personal leave turn, the correct treatment the election results and focus on their careers, from start to finish, ensure the normal and orderly develop.
For in-depth study and implement the party's eighteen, the eighth session of the fourth, the spirit of the fifth plenary session, the implementation of comprehensive strictly required, a solid grasp of the construction of Party member team, in accordance with the requirements of the county Party Committee Organization Department county Party member education and training with conference system > No. 3 (2016 Luo Zufa. According to the requirements of the < Chinese Communist Party Constitution > and the central work of education for the party members, combined with actual town, 2016 Party member education and training scheme is formulated. The guiding ideology adhere to a comprehensive study of implementing the scientific development view as guidance, in-depth study and implement the
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
party's eighteen, the eighth session of the fourth, fifth plenary session and the General Secretary Xi Jinping series important Speech adhere to the application for promoting learning, and strive to improve our ideological and political quality of Party members; firmly establish catch a party to build pipe must be members, tube members first catch education of ideological understanding, close to the Party member's ideological and practical work, strive to build a party regular education work mechanism, promote the party members play a vanguard and exemplary role; firmly grasp the construction of ability of administration of strengthening the party, advanced nature and purity of construction of the main line, adhere to to enhanced grasp the party building work consciousness, strengthen the self construction of the party organizations as the fundamental starting point, for the town's economic and social development provided for ideological and political guarantee of the strong and powerful organization guarantee. Second, target 201 The main task of 6 years of education and training of Party members is earnestly implement the <2015 - 2018 XX County Education and training of Party members to implement views > (Luo Wei do [2015] 121 to further strengthen the work of the education and training of Party members request,
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
to training the town, the grassroots party members and common. From 5 January 2016, through a variety of channels in a variety of forms in a planned, step by step, to focus on the organization to carry out the education and training of Party members. A party spirit idea generally enhanced. Through education and training, prompting the majority of Party members to further strengthen the ideal and faith, enhance the party concept, consciously practice the agency will socialist core value system. To further enhance the confidence of the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, theoretical system of self-confidence and confidence. (II Party members working ability greatly improved. Through the development of education and training, to boost the knowledge structure of Party members transformation and upgrading, improve the party to use the Marxist stand, viewpoints and methods of analysis and problem solving ability, adapt to the new situation and new tasks. (3 play an effective role of Party member model. Through the development of training and education, promote the party members in theProduction, work, learning and service to the community in give full play to the exemplary vanguard role, and actively striving to take the lead in learning to improve and take the lead in striving for success, serving the masses to
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
take the lead and lead law-abiding, take the lead in promoting the healthy atmosphere model. (4 the building of grassroots organizations strong impetus. Through the development of education and training, the Party member troop overall quality and ability to serve the people increased, grass-roots party organization's creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of the improved. Contents and measures according to different type of the town, at different levels, the actual needs of the different positions of Party members, hierarchical class to carry out the education and training of Party members. Adhere to the town overall and please tutoring, please Come in and sent down the combination, to the party spirit education and ability cultivation as the center, overall constitution and discipline, the core value system, political theory, domestic and international situation in town situation, party organization construction, legal education, culture, science and technology, industrial development, management, resource management and protection, social management innovation in the aspects, to village (unit as a unit, to all members of the organization a above rotation activities. Focus on Township and village committee cadres straight unit leading Party group secretary, activist of join or be admitted to the party, the education and
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
training of village class mothball cadre training, efforts to strengthen the parties organization Secretary of party spirit accomplishment, do a good job of the consciousness of the party building work, enhanced the Party activist , people in rural areas to promote rural economic development of practical abilities. At the same time, through the development of the theme of practical training, autonomous learning training, make full use of the party members and cadres of modern distance education network etc., for the party members in various fields to carry out the classification of rotation, party spirit training, tobe grind quality, improve quality. Organizational Leadership (a strengthen leadership, implement the responsibility. Town Party committee to the work of the education and training of Party members into the party building work important content, the overall responsibility of the Secretary of the Party committee, vice secretary of the lead and the implementation of specific members of the organization, the organizational Secretary of the parties to personally plan, personally deploy, supervise the implementation; the education and training of Party members to carry out into the grass-roots party Construction work responsibility system and the building of grassroots organizations special assessment, directly with
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第七章 二维信号处理的一般方法
the grass-roots party organizations Pingxianpingyou link, to strengthen the organization and leadership to do a good job of work to implement. (II the overall progress, implement the plan. Ensure that the deployment, according to the arrangement of the 2016 Party member education and training plans, based on the actual needs of the party, on-demand rationing; do supervision and guidance, strengthen the supervision of the work of the education and training of Party members, guidance and services to help solve the difficulties and problems in the training; assessment, by listening to the report, information search, evaluation, etc., with emphasis on the assessment of the implementation of the plan, Party members to participate in training proportion and effect, indeed Protect task implementation. (3 the typical guide, step up publicity. Pay attention to cultivate advanced and typical, timely promotion and the typical experience of the characteristics of the practice. The work of the education and training of Party members as the focus of the grass-roots party building and the sector skills training for communication and advocacy, by setting the column, offering special journals and other forms of propaganda, to create a strong atmosphere of public opinion, promote the orderly conduct of the work and achieved certain
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