英语翻译

酒是中国人生活中的重要饮料之一。中国制酒源远流长，享誉中外。在中国最具代表性的酒莫过于白酒了，从某种角度上来说，中国的酒文化酒是白酒文化。酒在中国人眼里更多的是一种交际工具。酒渗透于整个中华五千年的文明史中，从文学艺术创作、文化娱乐到饮食烹饪、养生保健等各方面在中国人生活中都占有重要的位置。

Alcohol is one of the important drinks in Chinese people’s life. Chinese alcohol-making has a long history and has been renowned at home and abroad. In China, no alcohol is more representative than Chinese liquor and at some pint. Chinese alcohol culture is Chinese liquor culture. Alcohol is more of a communication tool in Chinese people’s eyes. Alcohol has permeated 5000 years’ civilization of the whole Chinese history, which plays an important role in every aspect of Chinese People’s life, from literary and artistic creation and entertainment to food and cooking and health preservation.

中国烹饪文化是中国文化照哦个有关烹饪和休闲的重要组成部分。中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习惯孕育了这一独特艺术。中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称。它讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、作料的调制、切菜的刀功、适时的烹调以及装盘艺术。最富盛名的菜系有南方粤菜、北方鲁菜、东部淮扬菜和西部川菜，以“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”见称。

Chinese cuisine culture is an important part of Chinese culture in the aspect of cooking and leisure. This unique art owes itself to the long history, vast territory and hospitable tradition of China. Chinese food is famous for its perfect combination of “color, aroma, taste and appearance”. It gives emphasis to the selection of raw materials, the texture of food, the blending of seasoning, slicing techniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the art of laying out the food on the plate. Among the best-known schools of cuisine are the Cantonese cuisine of the south, the Shangdong cuisine of the north, the Huai-Yang cuisine of the east and the Sichuan cuisine of the west, noted as “the light flavor of the south, the salty flavor of the north, the weet flavor of the east and the spicy-hot flavor of the west”.

中国结是中华古老文明的一个缩影，是中国特有的民间手工艺术。中国结有着悠久的历史，在明清时期尤为盛行。在现代，它通常用做室内装饰、亲友间的馈赠礼物及个人的随身饰物。其因外观对称精致，符合中国传统装饰的习俗和审美观念，故被命名为中国结。在北京申办2008年奥运会的过程中，中国结作为中国传统文化的象征，深受各国朋友的喜爱。

Chinese Knot is a miniature of the ancient Chinese civilization, and it is unique to Chinese traditional manual art. Chinese Knot has a long history, and is especially prevalent in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In modern times, it usually functions as interior decoration, gift among relatives and friend, and personal ornament. It is possessed of delicate and symmetrical appearance and accords with the conventions of Chinese traditional decoration and aesthetics, therefore, it is named Chinese Knot. Chinese Knot, which symbolizes Chinese traditional culture, is well received by people all over the world in the course of the China’s bid for hosting the 2008 Olympics.

每年4月4日、5日或6日是清明节。清明节后气温升高，雨水增多。清明节既是中国的传统节日，也是最重要的祭祀节日。在这一天，汉族和少数民族都会供奉祖先，为逝去的人扫墓。清明节也是阳光明媚、草木吐绿的时节。自古以来，人们就有清明踏青的习俗。人们还会在清明节放风筝。这时植树树苗存活率高，之后长得也快，因此清明节也是植树的好时候。

The Qingming Festival falls on April 4,5, or 6 each year. After the festival, the temperature rises up and rainfall increases. The Qingming Festival is not only a traditional festival in China, but also the most important festival of commemoration. Both the Han nationality and minority nationality offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the deceased at this time. The Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines brightly, the trees and grass become green. Since ancient times, people have followed the custom of Spring outings. People love to fly kites during the Qingming Festival. The Qingming Festival is also a good time to plant trees, for the survival rate of saplings is high and trees grow fast later.

瓷器是中国最为重要的手工艺术之一。中国瓷器有3000多年的历史，明清时期尤其繁荣。瓷器不仅可以用作日常餐具、花瓶等，精美的瓷器更是常常被人们用来装饰家居。作为高档艺术品的象征，真品瓷器常常具有极高的艺术价值和经济价值，因此，常被很多人视为珍藏品。中国瓷器受到各国人民的欢迎，经常被用作表达中外友谊的礼物。

Porcelain is one of China’s most important handicrafts. Chinese porcelain has a history of more than 3500 years, its most prosperous period being Ming and Qing Dynasties. Porcelains can be used as daily dinnerware and vases, and delicate porcelains are even commonly used for home decoration by people. As symbols of high-end works of art, authentic porcelains are often of extremely high artistic and economic value and therefore they are often regarded as precious collections by many people. Chinese porcelains are popular with people around the world, and they are often used as presents for expressing friendship between Chinese and foreign people.

风筝是中国传统的民间艺术之一。中国风筝在春秋时期就已出现，距今有两千多年的历史了。最初分风筝常用作军事用途，如测量距离、测试风向和通讯。后来它逐渐与申花故事、花鸟瑞兽、吉祥寓意等相结合，从而形成了独具特色的风筝文化。阳光明媚的春日里，人们常常结伴去放风筝。中国风筝也受到世界各国人民的喜爱，很早以前就传到世界各地。

The kite is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts. The Chinese kite came into being in the Spring and Autumn Period and since then it has had a history of over two thousand years. Kites were used for military purpose initially, like measuring distances, testing wind directions, and communications. Later, it is integrated with fairy tales, luck characters such as flowers, birds and beasts and auspicious meanings and thus a unique kite culture with characteristics has been formed. In sunny spring days, people usually go for company outings to fly kites. The Chinese kite has also been loved by people from all over the world, for it was introduced into the globe a long time ago.

中国武术是中国民族体育的主要内容之一，是几千年来中国人民用以锻炼身体和自卫的一种方法。中国武术主要内容包括搏击技巧、格斗手法、攻防策略和武器使用等技术，是以自立、自强、健体养生为目标的体育活动。它体现出中国人对攻防技术及策略的理解。中国武术队生命真理探索的人文哲学的特色对现金中国的大众文化有着深远影响。

Chinese martial arts is one of the main contents of China’s national sports. It is one means by which Chinese people have been building up their bodies and defending themselves. Chinese martial arts mainly includes skills like fighting skills, wresting techniques, attacking and defending strategies and weapon applications. It is a kind of sport that aims at independence, self-reliance and health fitness. It reflects Chinese people’s understanding of attacking and defending skills and strategies. The humanistic philosophy of Chinese martial arts, which features the exploration of the truth of the life, has profound influence on Chinese mass culture nowadays.

刺绣是一种具有悠久传统的民间艺术，在中国艺术和手工艺品史上占有重要地位。刺绣的长期发展离不开蚕的养殖和纺丝技术的发展。中国是世界上第一个发现和使用丝绸的国家。早在5000年前，中国就开始饲养蚕。丝线和丝制品的生产促进了刺绣艺术的诞生。时至今日，丝绣几乎已经传遍整个中国。最好的绣品通常被认为来源于下面四省：江苏（尤其是苏州）、湖南、四川和广东，各省绣品各具特色。

Embroidery, a folk art with a long tradition, occupies an important position in the history of Chinese arts and crafts. It is, in its long development, inseparable from silkworm-raising and silk-reeling and weaving. China is the first country in the world that discovered the use of silk. Silkworms were domesticated as early as 5000 years ago. The production of silk thread and fabrics gave rise to the art of embroidery. Today, silk embroidery is practiced nearly all over China. It is generally agreed that the best commercial products come from four provinces: Jiangsu(notably Suzhou), Hunan, Sichuan and Guangdong, each with its distinctive features.

川剧就像四川火锅以及其他的名菜一样动人、丰富。变脸是川剧中的一大亮点。据说古人在他们的脸上作画，以便赶走野生动物。川剧吸收了这一古老的技艺并将其升华为一门艺术。变脸是一门神奇的艺术。演员在不到20秒的时间内要换十多次脸谱。通过举手、摆袖或摇头，演员使用不同的脸谱来表现不同的情绪，并通过看得见摸得着的脸谱表达出看不见摸不着的感情。

Sichuan Opera ( Chuan Ju ), like hot-pot and other famous Sichuan dishes, is exciting and rich. Face Changing is the highlight of Sichuan Opera. It is said that ancient people painted their faces to drive away wild animals. Sichuan Opera absorbs this ancient skill and perfects it into an art. Face Changing is a magical art. Actors change more than 10 masks in less than 20 seconds. By raising the hand, swinging a sleeve or tossing the head, an actor uses different masks to show different emotions, expressing invisible and intangible feelings through visible and tangible masks.

无论中国人走到哪里，否不会改掉喝茶的习惯。茶最先由中国人发现，它是中国人生活中不可或缺的组成部分。有一句中国谚语将基本的日常必需品称为柴、米、油、盐、酱、醋、茶。一千多年以来，饮茶的习俗已经在中国人心中根深蒂固。唐朝时，一个名叫陆羽的人写了世界上第一部关于茶的著作——《茶经》，这部书有助于在中国推广饮茶艺术。

Wherever the Chinese go, the custom of drinking tea follows. Tea was first discovered by the Chinese and it is an indispensable part of the life of the Chinese. A Chinese saying identifies the basic daily necessities as fuel, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar, and tea. The custom of drinking tea has been ingrained in the Chinese for over a thousand years. In Tang Dynasty, a man named Lu Yu created the first compendium in the world on tea, Book of Tea. This work helped to popularize the art of tea drinking all across China.

中国的菜肴拥有许多种不同的流派，但是最具影响力并且最为公众所熟悉的就是“八大菜系”。它们是“鲁菜、川菜、粤菜、闽菜、苏菜、浙菜、湘菜以及徽菜。确定一种流派形式的关键要素十分复杂，包括历史、烹调特征、地理、气候、资源以及生活方式。不同地区的菜肴各具特色，因此尽管有时两个地区相互毗邻，但是它们的风格却完全不同。

Chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, but the most influential and typical known by the public are the “Eight Categories of Chinese Cuisine”. There are as follows: Shangdong Cuisine, Sichuan Cuisine, Guangdong Cuisine, Fujian Cuisine, Jiangsu Cuisine, Zhejiang Cuisine, Hunan Cuisine, and Anhui Cuisine. The essential factors that establish the form of a genre are complex and include history, cooking features, geography, climate, resources and lifestyles. Cuisines from different regions are so distinctive that sometimes despite the fact that two areas are geographical neighbors, their styles are completely alien.

中国人喜欢在一起吃饭，这个传统可以追溯到很久之前。这反映出中国人喜欢团圆、不愿分离的观念——圆桌、圆盘、圆碗都象征着团圆和美满。盘子通常放在桌子的中央，这样坐在桌子面前的所有人都可以吃得到。一锅热汤尤其可以增加和谐、团圆的气氛。朋友们也喜欢在一起吃饭、生活。最近一位美国汉学家的著作认为，中国人的集体观念就是从一同吃饭发展而来的。

Chinese like to eat together, which is a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago. It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division—round tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection. Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them. A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union. Friends also like to eat and live together. A recent book by an American Sinologist held that the Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together.

中国以创造各种方式、方法来方便人们的生活而广为人知。在中国古代的发明中，四大发明不仅为中国的发展，还为世界经济和文化的发展，做出了巨大的贡献。中国古代的四大发明分别是造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针。中国古代的四大发明为世界经济和人类文化做出了重要贡献，而且这也是中国作为世界文明大国的重要象征。

China is well known for its introduction of ways and means to help ease the life of mankind. Among the inventions of Ancient China, four emerged as great contributions to the developments and changes not only to the country, but also to the world’s economy and culture. The Four Great Inventions of ancient China were papermaking, commercial printing, gunpowder, and the compass China’s four great ancient inventions made tremendous contributions to the world’s economy and the culture of mankind. They were also important symbols of China’s role as a great world civilization.

秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种传统民间舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力而迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上观看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。

The Yangko dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northern provinces. Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and their movements are vigorous and quick. During holidays such as lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as performances, no matter how cold it is outside. In recent years, elderly people in some cities in Northeast China have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers mostly enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.

《三国演义》由罗贯中创作于14世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说。小说以汉朝末年和三国时期的历史演变为背景，叙述了在这个动荡时期发生的一系列重大事情。整个故事节从公元168年开始一直到公元280年领土统一时结束。小说篇幅长达80万字，分为120个章节，共描述了1191个人物角色，堪称中国文学史上四大经典小说之一。

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era, starting in AD 168 and ending with the reunification of the land in AD 280. It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, with a grand total of 800000 words, 1191 characters, and 120 chapters.

奥运会是国际性的体育盛会，体育项目种类繁多，分为冬夏两季，均是每4年举办一次。最初有记载的奥运会于公元前776年在希腊的奥林匹亚举行。奥运会是最大的媒体活动之一。2000年悉尼奥运会上，有超过1.6万名播音员和新闻记者参与报道。据估计，有38亿观众通过电视收看了此届盛会。然而，奥运会的发展也是奥运会面临的一个大问题。

The Olympic Games are an international multi-sport event subdivided into summer and winter sporting events. The summer and winter games are each held every four years. The original Olympic Games were first recorded in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece. The Olympics are one of the largest media events. In Sydney in 2000 there were more than 16000 broadcasters and journalists, and an estimated 3.8 billion viewers watched the games on television. However, the development of the Olympics is one of the largest problems the Olympics face today.

世界贸易组织成立于1995年1月1日，目的是确保一个稳定的全球呵呵贸易经济环境。在当今世界上的190多个国家中，世界贸易组织的成员国有158个。在处理国家之间的贸易规则方面，世界贸易组织是唯一的全球性国际组织。世贸组织的事务应该引起我们的关注，因为世贸组织制定的规则对我们国家的经济和国民生活都有一定的影响。

The WTO (World Trade Organization), established on January 1, 1995, aims to ensure a stable trade and economic environment. The WTO is an association of 158 member countries, of more than 190 countries in the today. The WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. The business of the WTO should be of interest to us because the rules that are being decided therein have an impact on our national economy, and people’s lives.

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