2012届高考英语二轮复习精品学案（课标版）第1部分 单项填空 专题13 定语从句

专题十三　定语从句

专题导读

定语从句是重要的英语语法知识点之一，是高考必考的知识点，通常以单项填空题的形式出现。涉及的知识点包括限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句、介词＋关系代词型定语从句和含插入语式的定语从句。形式多样，结构复杂，极易给考生带来麻烦。题目的设置主要考查的是定语从句的一些最基本的用法。最近几年，题目的设置注重了定语从句与其他从句的混合考查，这一点值得考生高度重视。

技巧点拨：首先要判断是什么类型的定语从句，如果是非限定性定语从句不能用that，其次判断先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，如果作主语、宾语、表语则用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，则用where ，when, why等关系副词。

对which 引导的非限定性定语从句的考查将会是各类命题考查的重点，并且结构的多样化和利用插入语增加句子的难度应该引起我们的注意；另外which可以指句子也可以指前面的指物的某一名词。

真题典例

（　　）1. ［2011·课标全国卷］ The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

A．that B．which C．whose D．what

【解析】 C　考查定语从句关系代词的用法。本空格在定语从句中作story的定语，因此用 whose。

（　　）2. ［2011·全国卷］ Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T­ shirt, ________ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

A．this B．that C．what D．which

【解析】 D　句意：这个周末，泰德仅穿着运动短裤和T 恤，在这样的天气这真是一件愚蠢的事情。考查非限制性定语从句。which指代前面整句话的内容，而非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。this不能作引导词。what 不能引导定语从句。

（　　）3. ［2011·北京卷］ Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ________， of course, made all the others upset.

A．who B．which

C．what D．that

【解析】 B　句意：玛丽对杰克比她对其他人更好，这当然让其他人都不舒服。考查关系代词辨析。关系代词which指代前面一句话，引导非限制性定语从句，故选择B项。

（　　）4. ［2011·上海卷］ You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family.

A．which B．where

C．when D．as

【解析】 A　句意：你会发现出租车等候在公交车站，你可以搭乘出租车到达你寄宿的家庭。考查关系词辨析。分析定语从句先行词在从句中作宾语，故只能选择关系代词which，B、C、D三个选项均为副词，不能作宾语。故答案为A。

（　　）5. ［2011·山东卷］ The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________are built close to each other.

A．they B．where C．what D．that

【解析】 D　 句意：这座老镇拥有狭窄的街道和坐落在一起的矮小的房子。考查定语从句引导词的用法。分析句子结构可知，空格处及后面部分为定语从句，先行词为small houses, that代替先行词引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语。they, what不能引导定语从句。where引导定语从句时在句中作地点状语。故选D。

（　　）6. ［2011·江西卷］ She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ________had taken more than three years.

A．for which B．with which

C．of which D．to which

【解析】 C　句意：她带领游客参观了博物馆，这座博物馆的建造工程花费了三年多的时间。考查“介词＋关系代词which”结构。先行词为museum，关系代词which在从句中充当后置定语，修饰the construction，用of which 作后置定语。

【解析】 C　句意：一切剩下的东西可以放进冰箱，在那里可以保持两三个星期。考查非限制性定语从句。where代替in the refrigerator在从句中作地点状语。

（　　）7. ［2011·安徽卷 ］ Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ________ it will keep for two or three weeks.

　　A．when B．which C．where D．while

【解析】 A　句意：英语是一种被多种不同文化分享的语言，每一种文化都在某种程度上使它有所不同。考查定语从句的引导词。分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，所以要使用关系代词which。

（　　） 8. ［2011·浙江卷］ English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ________ uses it somewhat differently.

【解析】 C　句意：银行是晴天时借给你雨伞，下雨时收回雨伞的地方。考查定语从句的引导词。由于从句结构完整，不缺少句子成分，所以先行词为the place在从句中要充当地点状语，故使用关系副词where引导定语从句。

（　　） 9. ［2011·浙江卷］ A bank is the place ________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

A．when B．that C．where D．there

【解析】 A　句意：她有为学生创造允许他们自由交流气氛的天赋。考查定语从句的关系词。“…allows them to communicate freely with each other”是定语从句，修饰an atmosphere，先行词为atmosphere，用关系代词which，在定语从句中作动词allow的主语，故选A。

（　　） 10. ［2011·福建卷］ She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

　　A．which B．where C．what D．who

新题预测

（　　）1.More wild tigers have been seen in the forest around this area，________ there used to be very few.

A．when 　B．where C．what D．which

【解析】 1. B　句意：在附近的森林中发现了更多的野生老虎，而在过去，这一地区老虎数量非常少。考查关系副词用法。先行词是the forest，代入定语从句后为：There used to be very few （wild tigers） in the forest.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作状语，且表地点，故用关系副词where。

（　　）2.Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations ________ appear in the working world.

A．where B．when C．that D．why

【解析】 C　句意：找到工作的年轻人也许会意识到大学的课程不足以应对工作中的所有情况。考查关系代词用法。先行词是the situations，代入定语从句后为：The situations appear in the working world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，故用that/which，且不可省略。

（　　）3.Mount Wu yi is such an attractive place of interest ________ everyone likes to visit.

A．that B．as C．which D．what

【解析】 B　句意：武夷山是一个大家都喜欢去的旅游胜地。such…as…意思是“像……一样的”，as既是定语从句的引导词又在从句中作宾语。

（　　）4.Some great people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons ________they were fond of________ influenced their whole lives.

A．which；that B．that；which

C．which；which D．that；that

【解析】 D　第一空格的that是定语从句的引导词，当定语从句中人和物共同作先行词时，引导词只能用that而不能用which；第二空格的that是用来构成强调句型的。

（　　）5.This is the small house less than 15 square meters，under________ roof lives a large family of three generations.

A．which 　B．that C．its D．whose

【解析】 D　句意：这是那所不到15平米的房子，在这所房子里住着一个三代人的大家庭。whose引导定语从句修饰the small house, whose roof＝the roof of which。

（　　）6.The media today can draw public attention to situations ________ help is actually needed.

　　A．why B．while C．where D．whose

【解析】 C　where＝in which，引导定语从句修饰situations。

（　　）7.Is there a magic cutoff period ________children become responsible for their own actions?

A．that B．on which

C．which D．when

【解析】 D　 in/during this period在这期间；先行词为period，when引导定语从句，这里相当于 during which/in which。

（　　）8.The famous scientist, ________a dinner party will be held tonight, is to arrive soon.

A．in honour of him B．in his honour

C．in whose honour D．in which honour

【解析】 C　句意：那位著名的科学家很快就要到了，为了表示对他的敬意今晚要举行一个宴会。 in one’s honour“为了纪念……，为了向……表示敬意”，whose引导定语从句修饰scientist。

（　　）9.Mrs.Black took the police back to________ place ________ she witnessed the robbery.

A．the same；as B．the same；where

C．the same；that D．the same；when

【解析】 B　句意：布莱克夫人把警察带回到她目击了抢劫案的那个地方。the same place后的从句为定语从句，表地点时用where来引导，且在句中作状语，as和that均为关系代词，不能作本句中的状语。

（　　）10.________is known to us all that the old scientist, for________ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.

A．It；whom B．As；whom

C．As；whose D．What；whom

【解析】 A　句意：我们都知道，那位老科学家八十多岁的时候还在工作，对他来说过去的生活是艰辛的。it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语；第二空格的whom引导定语从句修饰the old scientist。

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